6,506 research outputs found
Recensione a: B. Putz, The Symposium and Komos in Aristophanes, Warminster, Aris & Phillips 2007.
No full textThe book under review is the final result of a series of editorial phases. First, there was a Ph.D. thesis written between 1997 and 2000 at the University of St. Andrews under the supervision of Stephen Halliwell; the thesis was then revised and published in 2003 by Metzler in the series Drama: Beitraegen zum antiken Drama und seiner Rezeption. In 2007 that book underwent another revision and gave birth to a second, ultimate edition.
The purpose of the book is made clear in the Introduction. The author has looked at the symposium and komos in Greek comedy (mainly Aristophanes, but also a good number of relevant comic fragments have been taken into exam) from two viewpoints: she has considered the use of these forms of celebration either to help shape the plot of a play or to depict some characters, and has discussed the information found in comedy on some practical sympotic matters.
As to the two moments taken into consideration by the author, the first was the formal drinking-party which usually took place after a “deipnon”; the second was the procession of revellers which usually took place after a symposium. Although it is usually quite difficult to define and divide these moments, the author gives them two different and separate treatments
Formoterol versus short-acting beta-agonists as relief medication for adults and children with asthma
No full textBackground
Formoterol is a long-acting beta(2)-agonist but because it has a fast onset of action it can also be used as a relief medication.
Objectives
To asses the efficacy and safety of formoterol as reliever therapy in comparison to short-acting beta(2)-agonists in adults and children with asthma.
Search strategy
We searched the Cochrane Airways Group Specialised Register and websites of clinical trial registers (for unpublished trial data), and we checked the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) submissions in relation to formoterol. The date of the most recent search was February 2010.
Selection criteria
Randomised, parallel-arm trials of at least 12 weeks duration in patients of any age and severity of asthma. Studies randomised patients to any dose of as-needed formoterol versus short-acting beta(2)-agonist. Concomitant use of inhaled corticosteroids or other maintenance medication was allowed, as long as this was not part of the randomised treatment regimen.
Data collection and analysis
Two authors independently selected trials for inclusion in the review. Outcome data were extracted by one author and checked by the second author. We sought unpublished data on primary outcomes.
Main results
This review includes eight studies conducted in 22,604 participants (mostly adults). Six studies compared formoterol as-needed to terbutaline whilst two studies compared formoterol with salbutamol as-needed. Background maintenance therapy varied across the trials. Asthma exacerbations and serious adverse events showed a direction of treatment effect favouring formoterol, of which one outcome reached statistical significance (exacerbations requiring a course of oral corticosteroids). In patients on short-acting beta(2)-agonists, 117 people out of 1000 had exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids over 30 weeks, compared to 101 (95% CI 93 to 108) out of 1000 for patients on formoterol as-needed. In patients on maintenance inhaled corticosteroids there were also significantly fewer exacerbations requiring a course of oral corticosteroids on formoterol as-needed (Peto OR 0.75; 95% CI 0.62 to 0.91). There was one death per 1000 people on formoterol or on short-acting beta(2)-agonists.
Authors' conclusions
In adults, formoterol was similar to short-acting beta(2)-agonists when used as a reliever, and showed a reduction in the number of exacerbations requiring a course of oral corticosteroids. Clinicians should weigh the relatively modest benefits of formoterol as-needed against the benefits of single inhaler therapy and the potential danger of long-term use of long-acting beta(2)-agonists in some patients. We did not find evidence to recommend changes to guidelines that suggest that long-acting beta(2)-agonists should be given only to patients already taking inhaled corticosteroids.There was insufficient information reported from children in the included trials to come to any conclusion on the safety or efficacy of formoterol as relief medication for children with asthma
Formation of Chiral alpha-Monofluorinated-beta-amino Esters through Organocatalytic Asymmetric Reduction of alpha-Fluoro-beta-enamino Esters by Trichlorosilane
No full textA concise method was developed to prepare chiral alpha-monofluorinated-beta-amino esters through N-sulfinyl urea catalyzed asymmetric hydrosilylation of alpha-fluoro-beta-enamino esters, which affords high yields, good to high diastereoselectivities (up to>99/1), and moderate to good enantioselectivities (up to 83% ee)
Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta-agonist treatment of acute asthma
No full textBackground
In acute asthma inhaled beta₂-agonists are often administered by nebuliser to relieve bronchospasm, but some have argued that metered-dose inhalers with a holding chamber (spacer) can be equally effective. Nebulisers require a power source and need regular maintenance, and are more expensive in the community setting.
Objectives
To assess the effects of holding chambers (spacers) compared to nebulisers for the delivery of beta₂-agonists for acute asthma.
Search methods
We searched the Cochrane Airways Group Trial Register and reference lists of articles. We contacted the authors of studies to identify additional trials. Date of last search: February 2013.
Selection criteria
Randomised trials in adults and children (from two years of age) with asthma, where spacer beta₂-agonist delivery was compared with wet nebulisation.
Data collection and analysis
Two review authors independently applied study inclusion criteria (one review author for the first version of the review), extracted the data and assessed risks of bias. Missing data were obtained from the authors or estimated. Results are reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Main results
This review includes a total of 1897 children and 729 adults in 39 trials. Thirty-three trials were conducted in the emergency room and equivalent community settings, and six trials were on inpatients with acute asthma (207 children and 28 adults). The method of delivery of beta₂-agonist did not show a significant difference in hospital admission rates. In adults, the risk ratio (RR) of admission for spacer versus nebuliser was 0.94 (95% CI 0.61 to 1.43). The risk ratio for children was 0.71 (95% CI 0.47 to 1.08, moderate quality evidence). In children, length of stay in the emergency department was significantly shorter when the spacer was used. The mean duration in the emergency department for children given nebulised treatment was 103 minutes, and for children given treatment via spacers 33 minutes less (95% CI -43 to -24 minutes, moderate quality evidence). Length of stay in the emergency department for adults was similar for the two delivery methods. Peak flow and forced expiratory volume were also similar for the two delivery methods. Pulse rate was lower for spacer in children, mean difference -5% baseline (95% CI -8% to -2%, moderate quality evidence), as was the risk of developing tremor (RR 0.64; 95% CI 0.44 to 0.95, moderate quality evidence).
Authors' conclusions
Nebuliser delivery produced outcomes that were not significantly better than metered-dose inhalers delivered by spacer in adults or children, in trials where treatments were repeated and titrated to the response of the participant. Spacers may have some advantages compared to nebulisers for children with acute asthma
Evaluasi Penggunaan Obat Generik Berdasarkan Indikator Peresepan Di Puskesmas Permunas Batu VI
No full textPenggunaan obat yang rasional merupakan aspek penting dalam meningkatkan mutu layanan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai sejauh mana penggunaan obat generik di Puskesmas Perumnas Batu VI sesuai dengan indikator peresepan yang ditetapkan oleh World Health Organization (WHO) dan Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif observasional dengan pendekatan retrospektif terhadap 149 resep pasien selama periode Januari hingga April 2025. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi: rata-rata jumlah obat per resep, persentase penggunaan obat generik, penggunaan antibiotik dan injeksi, serta kesesuaian obat yang diresepkan dengan Daftar Obat Esensial Nasional (DOEN).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata jumlah obat per resep adalah 2,91, melebihi standar WHO (1,8–2,2) dan target Kemenkes (≤2,6). Persentase obat generik yang diresepkan mencapai 97,92%, telah memenuhi standar WHO (>82%) tetapi belum mencapai target Kemenkes (100%). Penggunaan antibiotik sebesar 44,96% juga melebihi batas WHO
Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 mediates gonadotropin-releasing hormone signaling to a specific extracellularly regulated kinase-sensitive transcriptional locus in the luteinizing hormone beta-subunit gene
No full textG protein-coupled receptor regulation of gene transcription primarily occurs through the phosphorylation of transcription factors by MAPKs. This requires transduction of an activating signal via scaffold proteins that can ultimately determine the outcome by binding signaling kinases and adapter proteins with effects on the target transcription factor and locus of activation. By investigating these mechanisms, we have elucidated how pituitary gonadotrope cells decode an input GnRH signal into coherent transcriptional output from the LH beta-subunit gene promoter. We show that GnRH activates c-Src and multiple members of the MAPK family, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1/2, p38MAPK, and ERK1/2. Using dominant-negative point mutations and chemical inhibitors, we identified that calcium-dependent proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 specifically acts as a scaffold for a focal adhesion/cytoskeleton-dependent complex comprised of c-Src, Grb2, and mSos that translocates an ERK-activating signal to the nucleus. The locus of action of ERK was specifically mapped to early growth response-1 (Egr-1) DNA binding sites within the LH beta-subunit gene proximal promoter, which was also activated by p38MAPK, but not c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1/2. Egr-1 was confirmed as the transcription factor target of ERK and p38MAPK by blockade of protein expression, transcriptional activity, and DNA binding. We have identified a novel GnRH-activated proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2-dependent ERK-mediated signal transduction pathway that specifically regulates Egr-1 activation of the LH beta-subunit proximal gene promoter, and thus provide insight into the molecular mechanisms required for differential regulation of gonadotropin gene expression
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Michael Addition of 3-Pyrrolyloxindoles to beta-Phthalimidonitroethene for the Synthesis of 3,3 '-Disubstituted Oxindoles Bearing Contiguous 3,alpha,beta-Triamino Functionality
No full textAn organocatalytic asymmetric Michael addition reaction of 3-pyrrolyloxindoles to beta-phthalimidonitroethene has been developed with a bifunctional thiourea tertiary amine as the catalyst. A range of 3,3'-disubstituted oxindoles bearing contiguous 3,alpha,beta-triamino functionality could be obtained in high yields with good diastereoselectivities and high enantioselectivities (up to 99% yield, 99:1 dr, and 98% ee). The higher reactivity of beta-phthalimidonitroethene compared to the reactivity of ordinary nitroalkenes in the reaction experiments. with 3-pyrrolyloxindoles was demonstrated by contras
Organocatalytic asymmetric Michael addition of pyrazoleamides to beta-phthalimidonitroethene
No full textA highly organocatalyzed asymmetric Michael addition reaction of pyrazoleamides to beta-phthalimidonitroethene has been developed with a chiral bifunctional thiourea-tertiary amine as the catalyst. A wide range of gamma-nitro beta-amino amides were readily obtained in good to excellent yields with high diastereo-and enantioselectivities (up to 99% yield, 99% ee and >20:1 dr). The large scale experiment and transformation of the product have also been demonstrated. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
On random tridiagonal matrices and the beta log-gas
No full textIn this thesis the beta log-gas probability density function is discussed. It is shown that there is a strong link between this density function and Jacobi matrices. A change of variables exercise shows that the distribution of eigenvalues is exactly like the quadratic beta log-gas. The change of variables gives the normalization constant for the quadratic beta log-gas. Finally, it is made likely that the Jacobi matrix adheres to Wigners semicircle law, and that the beta log-gas is limited by the semicircle distribution.Bachelor ProjectApplied Mathematic
Comparison Of The Effectiveness And Safety Of Anemia Epoetin Alfa With Epoetin Beta Inhemodialysis Routine Patients At Haji Rsu Surabaya
No full textChronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a disorder of the structure / function of kidney> 3 months marked by pathology and renal damage marker and impairment Glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Erythropoietin is agrowth factor hematopoietic that plays a role in the formation of red blood cells 5. Research conducted by Henry et al, on the pharmacokinetics of epoetinalfa showed the results that epoetinalfa has the effectiveness of increasing Hb concentration within 2-6 weeks with a half-life of 4-5 hours. Epoetin therapy was given with indications of Hb 20%, Serum Ferritin and no severe infection. At RSU HAJI, the insurance company bears the cost of administering epoetinalfa at a dose of 3000 IU and epoetin beta at a dose of 2000 IU to anemic patients undergoing HD, with several written conditions, namely the administration of epoetinalfa/beta given twice a week ,Hb 20%, FS > 200 ng/L, and no severe infection. The research subjects were divided into 2 groups, namely a group of patients receiving treatment for epoetin alpha 3000 IU/2x a week and a group of patients receiving epoetin beta anemia therapy 2000 IU/2x a week, with the direction of data collection being a combination of retrospective methods. Based on the results of research that has been conducted on the comparison of the effectiveness and safety of anemia therapy with epoetinalfa and epoetin beta in routine hemodialysis patients at RSU HAJI Surabaya
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