1,887 research outputs found
FIGURE 2. Rohdea dangii. A. Inflorescence. B in Rohdea dangii (Asparagaceae), a new species from northwestern Vietnam
No full textFIGURE 2. Rohdea dangii. A. Inflorescence. B. Longitudinal section of spike. C. Inflorescence (in spirit) cross-cut, view from below. D. Peduncle and its portions cross-cut. E. distal, middle and proximal outer bracts and sterile bract. F. Outer bract (pointed with red arrow) and bracteoles (blue arrows). G. Flower, front view. H. Partial flower, showing the interior. I. Perigone segment cut basally. J. Part of perigone with a stamen. K. Ovary cross-cut showing ovules in locules. L. Ovules borne on placenta. M. Seeds. Photos and layout by K.S. Nguyen. Photographed plant corresponds to N.S. Khang 1163 (type material).Published as part of Nguyen, Khang Sinh, Tanaka, Noriyuki, V.Averyanov, Leonid, Nguyen, Phuong Hanh & Tran, Duc Binh, 2021, Rohdea dangii (Asparagaceae), a new species from northwestern Vietnam, pp. 65-72 in Phytotaxa 482 (1) on page 67, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.482.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/541818
A Literature Review on Nursing Turnover and Its Financial Implications
No full textHealthcare organizations require a stable, well-trained, and fully-engaged nursing staff to provide effective levels of patient care. However, maintaining this foundation is challenged by a shortage of 1 million nurses in the United States projected for 2020. The current nurse shortage is driven by a broad set of factors related to recruitment and retention - fewer workers, an aging workforce, and unsatisfying work environments—that have contributed to a different kind of shortage that is more complex and expected to last longer than previous shortages. The determinant factors of nursing turnover frequently reported in the research are job dissatisfaction, job stress and intentions to leave, control over decisions and organizational commitment. Nursing turnover has tremendous impact on the quality of care and patient outcomes as well as posing a financial burden on the organization; however, research shows only a weak association between the two. The costs of per nurse turnover range between 64,000. It has been a challenge to generalize the financial impact of nurse turnover because of the inconsistent definitions and measurements as the variability in costs reported through different studies. The purpose of this essay is to provide a literature review of the past decade to assess current knowledge on the subject and to provide recommendations to improve nursing retention. The public health significance of organizations to retain nurses is twofold: to improve the quality of care provided and effectively control the costs of care. These factors deserve attention considering the steadily increasing costs of health care in the recent decades and nursing shortages in the industry
FIGURE 1. Rohdea dangii. A in Rohdea dangii (Asparagaceae), a new species from northwestern Vietnam
No full textFIGURE 1. Rohdea dangii. A. Scenery of the type locality in Son La Province where R. dangii grows under primary evergreen broadleaved forest at middle and upper zones of limestone mountains; the forest is largely deforested especially in the lower part. B. R. dangii growing on limestone. C. Collector holding the plant. D. Habit. E. Part of rhizome with adventitious roots. F. Rhizome in cross section. G. Basal dilated portion of leaf blades amplexicaule but not imbricate (arrowed). H. Part of aerial stem bearing infructescence. I. Cataphyll, adaxial view. J. Leaf base, abaxial view. K. Abaxial side of leaf in part. L. Adaxial side of leaf apex. Photos and layout by K.S. Nguyen. Photographed plant corresponds to N.S. Khang 1163 (type material).Published as part of Nguyen, Khang Sinh, Tanaka, Noriyuki, V.Averyanov, Leonid, Nguyen, Phuong Hanh & Tran, Duc Binh, 2021, Rohdea dangii (Asparagaceae), a new species from northwestern Vietnam, pp. 65-72 in Phytotaxa 482 (1) on page 66, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.482.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/541818
Persons, Organizations, And Societies: The Effects Of Collectivism And Individualism On Cooperation
No full textIn 1984, as an undergraduate in social psychology at the University of California at Santa Barbara, I (the first author) stepped into Dave Messick’s research lab. It was a step that began a long, fruitful, and continuing education with a marvelous man and mentor. Graduate students working in his lab at the time included Charlie Samuelson and Scott Allison (see Chapters 2 and 12 of this volume), who were heavily involved in Dave’s social dilemma research, which he had begun in collaboration with Marilynn Brewer and Rod Kramer (who had departed for UCLA by that time, but who continued to be important research colleagues - Rod coedited this volume and contributed Chapter 6). During this time, others visited this lab, including Wim Liebrand, a social psychologist from the University of Groningen in the Netherlands, and his student at the time, Paul Van Lange (see Chapter 4), who also participated in social dilemma and social value research with Dave and Chuck McClintock. The excellent repartee, critical thinking, and complete joy in doing research in that lab convinced me that UCSB was the place to stay and pursue my graduate studies. Although my own research interests tended toward judgment and decision-making as regards understanding the effects of foregone 172 alternatives on outcome evaluation (Boles & Messick 1995), I never forgot my early immersion in the social dilemma research group. Thus, I am pleased to have the opportunity to present in the chapter that follows how Dave Messick’s replenishable resource paradigm was employed in a study that examined the effects of collectivism and individualism (personal, organizational, and societal) on cooperation. This work was done in collaboration with Huy Le, formerly a Ph.D. student at the University of Iowa and now on the faculty at the University of Central Florida, and Hannah-Hanh D. Nguyen, formerly a Ph.D. student at Michigan State and now on the faculty at California State University, Long Beach. As such, Dave’s social dilemma work continues to influence another generation of researchers
Dixonius minhlei Ziegler, Botov, Nguyen, Bauer, Brennan, Ngo & Nguyen, 2016, sp. nov.
No full textDixonius minhlei sp. nov. Holotype (Figs. 3–5): IEBR A.0802 (male) collected between 28 th and 29 th of December 2007 by Tao Thien Nguyen and Cuc Thu Ho in Vinh Cuu Nature Reserve, Dong Nai Province, Southern Vietnam (11 ° 22 ' 40 "N, 107 °03' 37 "E, 70 m a.s.l. elevation). Paratypes (Figs. 5–6): IEBR A.0801 (female), VNMN R. 2016.1 (female), VNMN R. 2016.2 (female), ZFMK 97745 (female), and ZFMK 97746 (male), same data as for the holotype. Diagnosis. A small gecko with up to 47.5 mm SVL; 7–9 supralabials; 14–15 rows of keeled tubercles on dorsum; 20–23 ventral scale rows; 7 or 8 precloacal pores in males; a canthal stripe running from rostrum through the eye and terminating at back of head; lateral second pair of postmentals maximum one quarter the size of first pair; dorsum olive gray with more or less discernible brownish olive blotches. ); minimum and maximum measurements do only refer to adult individuals. IEBR VNMN ZFMK IEBR VNMN ZFMK 97748 IEBR R. 2016.4 ZFMK 97749 Min Max ZFMK 87273 R. 2016.3 R. 2016.3 97747 R. 2016.1 R. 2016.4 male male male female female female female juvenile female juvenile female juvenile 39.0 39.6 34.1 43.5 43.7 45.2 31.2 29.2 39.0 43.7 42 partly 48.1 43.9 - broken - 38.5 30.7 48.1 49 regenerated 2.2 3.8 3.4 - - - 2.6 1.9 1.9 3.8 3.4 6.5 7.8 4.7 7.6 8.6 10.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 10.3 8.3 6.9 7.2 6.2 7.6 7.7 8.5 5.7 5.2 6.2 8.5 6.9 6.8 7.0 5.7 6.9 7.7 8.2 5.8 4.8 5.7 8.2 6.5 4.2 4.7 4.1 4.7 4.7 5.7 3.7 3.1 4.1 5.7 4.4 1.1 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.3 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.3 1.2 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.4 2.7 3.1 3.4 3.8 2.4 2.1 2.7 3.8 3.2 3.9 4.6 3.6 4.5 4.7 5.4 3.4 2.9 3.6 5.4 4.0 3.1 3.3 2.5 2.7 3.6 4.3 2.4 2.3 2.5 4.3 3.0 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.6 1.8 2.7 1.2 1.2 1.3 2.7 1.5 r 4.7 5.2 4.2 5.0 5.5 5.5 3.1 3.1 4.7 5.5 4.7 r 6.5 6.5 5.9 6.2 6.3 6.6 4.8 4.9 6.2 6.6 5.6 r 14.8 16.6 12.3 19.2 18.2 19.2 11.9 11.1 14.8 19.2 17.2 /ED 0.39 0.32 0.39 0.37 0.39 0.44 0.38 0.36 0.32 0.44 0.35 r/l 8 / 8 7 / 8 8 / 7 7 / 7 8 / 7 8 / 7 8 / 8 7 / 7 7 8 7 r/l 6 / 6 6 / 6 6 / 6 6 / 6 7 / 7 6 / 6 7 / 7 6 / 7 6 7 6 6 / 5 5 / 6 6 / 5 6 / 5 6 / 6 6 / 6 6 / 6 6 / 5 5 6 5 / 6 10 9 10 8 9 8 7 8 7 10 7 25 23 24 22 25 23 25 26 22 26 29 19 19 15 18 20 20 21 19 15 21 20 15 15 13 16 15 17 16 17 13 17 14 r/l 12 / 15 14 / 13 14 / 13 14 / 13 13 / 13 14 / 14 13 / 12 13 / 14 12 15 17 / 16 6 5 7 - - - - - 5 7 - canthal stripe + + + + + + + + + Taxon A Dixonius aaronbaueri ZFMK 87274 A 0 B Dixonius cf. siamensis VU 0 0 23 B 0.1588 0.0000 C Dixonius cf. vietnamensis ZFMK 87273 C 0.1719 0.1331 0.0000 D Dixonius melanostictus VU 0 0 22 D 0.1583 0.1066 0.1291 0.0000 E Dixonius siamensis LLG 7328 E 0.1617 0.1271 0.1306 0.1274 0.0000 F Dixonius siamensis LLG 7378 F 0.1603 0.1263 0.1306 0.1274 0.0042 0.0000 G Dixonius vietnamensis ZFMK 97747 G 0.1712 0.1304 0.0521 0.1237 0.1203 0.1194 0.0000 H Dixonius vietnamensis IEBR R. 2016.3 H 0.1713 0.1305 0.0522 0.1238 0.1204 0.1195 0.0000 0.0000 I Dixonius vietnamensis VNMN R. 2016.3 I 0.1722 0.1296 0.0530 0.1247 0.1212 0.1204 0.0008 0.0008 0.0000 J Dixonius vietnamensis VNMN R. 2016.4 J 0.1713 0.1305 0.0522 0.1238 0.1204 0.1195 0.0000 0.0000 0.0008 0.0000 K Dixonius taoi CAS 257300 K 0.1616 0.1240 0.0797 0.1184 0.1215 0.1208 0.0546 0.0547 0.0555 0.0547 0.0000 L Dixonius taoi IEBRA 2014 26 L 0.1664 0.1281 0.0867 0.1222 0.1267 0.1260 0.0622 0.0622 0.0631 0.0622 0.0065 0.0000 M Dixonius taoi IEBRA 2014 27 M 0.1592 0.1393 0.1039 0.1201 0.1433 0.1417 0.0573 0.0574 0.0574 0.0574 0.0145 0.0162 0.0000 N Dixonius taoi ZFMK 96680 N 0.1637 0.1280 0.0829 0.1200 0.1230 0.1223 0.0588 0.0589 0.0597 0.0589 0.0050 0.0093 0.0145 0.0000 O Dixonius sp. FMNH 263003 O 0.2064 0.1737 0.1912 0.1754 0.1583 0.1583 0.1785 0.1786 0.1794 0.1786 0.1712 0.1759 0.1223 0.1725 0.0000 P Dixonius minhlei sp. nov. ZFMK 97745 P 0.1601 0.1205 0.1538 0.1288 0.1078 0.1078 0.1371 0.1372 0.1380 0.1372 0.1323 0.1374 0.1254 0.1345 0.1284 0.0000 Q Dixonius sp. LSUHC 9466 Q 0.1244 0.0446 0.0994 0.0801 0.0884 0.0877 0.0816 0.0816 0.0808 0.0816 0.0825 0.0850 0.1142 0.0843 0.1316 0.0826 0 Description of the holotype. Adult male, snout-vent length 43.9 mm, body dorsolaterally flattened, tail length 53.2 mm (tail regenerated), trunk length 18.7 mm. Head almost as long as wide, depressed, distinct from slender neck. Head length 7.3 mm, head width 7.7 mm, eye of moderate size 2.7 mm, ear opening oblique (EL 1.5 mm), naris-eye length 3.7 mm, snout-eye length 5.0 mm, internarial distance 1.6 mm. Rostral very large, wider (1.8 mm) than high (1.2 mm), with a distinct suture; supralabials 8 (sixth in midorbital position), smaller in subocular rictus; nostril in contact with rostral, first supralabial, supranasal, and two nasals posteriorly on each side; supranasals in contact anteriorly; internasals absent; snout flat, covered with granular scales; pupil vertical; ear opening oblique, oval, approximately one half of the eye diameter, without bordering enlarged scales; mental triangular, wider (2.2 mm) than high (1.7 mm); infralabials 6 on both sides, decreasing gradually in size; mental triangular, wider (2.2 mm) than high (1.7 mm); two pairs of enlarged postmentals, first pair very large and in narrow contact, second pair about less than one quarter the size of first, in contact with first and second infralabials and separated from each other by four gular scales; 12 keeled dorsal scale rows at midbody separated from one another by one or two smaller scales which are keeled or at least conical shaped; three to four rows of small scales along vertebrae; ventral scales larger than dorsal scales, in 22 rows at midbody, with distinct posterior serration; dorsal surface of fore- and hindlimbs covered with shallowly-keeled scales, area around limb insertions covered with small granular scales; 14 lamellae on fourth toe; no femoral pores; 7 precloacal pores in an angular series; pore bearing scales not enlarged; no precloacal depression; caudal scales keeled and covered with scales of different sizes, like on dorsum; 61 enlarged and undivided subcaudals on regenerated tail. Dorsum olive gray in life, with round brownish olive blotches. A stripe of the same colour running from rostrum through eyes and ending at back of head. Dorsum of head with blotches of same colour. Dorsum and dorsal part of original tail covered with brownish olive blotches. Two specimens with a very pale, almost indiscernible pattern. Venter cream and regenerated tail without blotches. In preservative, dorsum light brown with dark greybrown blotches on head and body; colouration of tail and on dorsal surface of fore- and hindlimbs similar, but with less contrast. Variation of paratypes: Blotches on head, dorsum and tail may appear very pale or almost absent in some individuals (Figs. 5–6). Variation in scalation is shown in Table 6. Comparisons. Dixonius minhlei sp. nov. differs from all known Dixonius as follows: from D. aaronbaueri by having more ventral scale rows at midbody (20–23 versus 18–19 in D. aaronbaueri); more dorsal tubercle rows (14–15 versus 11 in D. aaronbaueri), more precloacal pores in males (7–8 versus 5 in D. aaronbaueri) and different color pattern (olive gray ground color on dorsum, with more or less discernible brownish olive blotches versus an unpatterned dorsum in D. aaronbaueri); from D. hangseesom by having fewer ventral scale rows at midbody (20–23 vs 22–26 in D. hangseesom); more dorsal tubercle rows (14–15 versus 12–14 in D. hangseesom) and coloration of tail same as the dorsum (versus orange tail in D. hangseesom); from D. melanostictus by having more dorsal tubercle rows (14–15 versus 10–11 in D. melanostictus); fewer precloacal pores (7–8 versus 9 in D. melanostictus), and canthal stripe continues behind orbit to back of head (versus canthal stripe extending along flanks in D. melanostictus); from D. siamensis in smaller size (47.5 mm max. SVL versus 57 mm in D. siamensis), more precloacal pores (7–8 versus 6–7 in D. siamensis) and in having a distinct canthal stripe (versus absence of canthal stripe in D. siamensis); from D. taoi by having more precloacal pores (7–8 versus 5–6 in D. taoi) and different dorsal pattern (dorsum olive gray with more or less discernible round brownish olive blotches versus presence of one or two irregular rows of yellowish marks running from head along flanks in D. taoi); from D. vietnamensis by having more precloacal pores (7–8 versus 5–7 in D. vietnamensis) and in dorsal head and body pattern (blotches on head and dorsum round, more or less discernible vs. dark transversal bands on the occiput and irregular blotches or reticulation on dorsum in D. vietnamensis). Etymology. The new species is named after our friend and colleague Dr. Minh D. Le from the Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, for his continuous and significant contributions towards a better understanding of the diversity and phylogenetic relationships of species from Vietnam and surrounding countries. Distribution. Dixonius minhlei sp. nov. currently is only known from the type locality (Fig. 7). Natural history. The type series of Dixonius minhlei sp. nov. was collected at night, between 19:00 and 23:00, on the ground of the evergreen forest (Fig. 8). Further reptile species observed at the type locality were Acanthosaura lepidogaster, Calotes emma, and Cyrtodactylus cattienensis.Published as part of Ziegler, Thomas, Botov, Andreas, Nguyen, Tao Thien, Bauer, Aaron M., Brennan, Ian G., Ngo, Hanh Thi & Nguyen, Truong Quang, 2016, First molecular verification of Dixonius vietnamensis Das, 2004 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) with the description of a new species from Vinh Cuu Nature Reserve, Dong Nai Province, Vietnam, pp. 553-566 in Zootaxa 4136 (3) on pages 556-562, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4136.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/26061
10.1177_1358863X19886374_Supplementary_material – Supplemental material for Long-term mortality after massive, submassive, and low-risk pulmonary embolism
No full textSupplemental material, 10.1177_1358863X19886374_Supplementary_material for Long-term mortality after massive, submassive, and low-risk pulmonary embolism by Rajesh Gupta, Zaid Ammari, Osama Dasa, Mohammed Ruzieh, Jordan J Burlen, Khaled M Shunnar, Hanh T Nguyen, Yanmei Xie, Pamela Brewster, Tian Chen, Herbert D Aronow and Christopher J Cooper in Vascular Medicine</p
Impact of Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) to Local Communities and Environment in Hop Tien Commune, Dong Hy
No full textThis case-study is designed to support the development of the Viet Nam – Netherlands Water Partnership on Water for Food and Ecosystems. The partnership is between Viet Nam’s Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) and the Netherlands Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (LNV). IUCN has been asked to coordinate the Partnership development process, including through undertaking study that will identify strategies for the management of water resources that balance agricultural production with the maintenance of the integrity of critical ecosystems that depend on adequate water flows. The case study is being carried out in Hop Tien commune, Dong Hy district, Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam. The purpose of the case study is to identify mechanisms based on that water resources management, which are traditionally approached as single purpose management regimes, should be enhanced to become more integrated, multi-stakeholder based management systems. At the irrigation scheme level, water resources management is considered as irrigation governance and management. The integrated approach is carried out with considerations of various interests such as irrigation, domestic water supply and fishery in Hop Tien commune. On the other hand, issues of saving water, water resources protection should be paid attention in the case study to ensure sustainable water resources development in the area
Dixonius lao Nguyen & Sitthivong & Ngo & Luu & Nguyen & Le & Ziegler 2020, sp. nov.
No full textDixonius lao sp. nov. (Figs. 2–5) Holotype. Adult male, VNUF R.2016.2 (Field no. TK16.2) in Na Ngua village, Thakhek Town, Khammouane Province (17 o 32N, 104 o 51E, at an elevation of 145 m a.s.l.), collected by V. Q. Luu and N. Schneider on 24 February 2016. Paratypes. IEBR A.2019.5 (Field no. TK16.3), adult female; IEBR A.2019.6 (Field no. TK16.1), subadult female; the same data as the holotype. Diagnosis. A species of the genus Dixonius that can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: maximum SVL 55.4 mm; 20–23 longitudinal rows of dorsal tubercles at midbody; 23 or 24 longitudinal rows of ventrals across the abdomen; 8–10 supralabials, 7 or 8 in mid-orbital position; 7 or 8 infralabials; 8 precloacal pores in male; the male without femoral pores; precloacal and femoral pores absent in females; uniformly pebble brown dorsum. Description of the holotype. Adult male, SVL 50.1 mm with dorsolaterally flattened body, TaL 69.0 mm, trunk length 20.6 mm. Head longer than wide, depressed, distinct from neck. Head length 14.1 mm, head width 9.2 mm, eye of moderate size 3.6 mm, ear-opening oblique (EL 1.4 mm), snout-eye length 5.6 mm, internarial distance 1.7 mm. Rostral very large, wider than high (width 2.2 mm, height 1.2 mm), with distinct suture; supralabials 10/9 (8/ 7 in midorbital position); nostril in contact with rostral, first supralabial, supranasal, and two nasals posteriorly on each side; supranasals in broad contact; without intersupranasals; snout flat, covered with granular scales; pupil vertical; ear opening oblique, oval, approximately one third of the eye diameter, without bordering enlarged scales; infralabials 8/8, decreasing gradually in size; mental triangular, wider than high (width 2.5 mm, height 1.7 mm); two pairs of enlarged postmentals, first pair very large and in contact with each other, second pair about one third to one half size of first, in contact with the first and second infralabials and separated from each other by four gular scales; dorsal tubercle rows at midbody 22, keeled and separated from each other by one smaller scale which is keeled or at least almost conical shaped; ventral scales larger than dorsal scales, in 23 rows at midbody; dorsal surface of fore- and hind limbs covered with shallowly keeled scales, area around limb insertions covered with small granular scales; paravertebral scales, number of scales in a paravertebral row from first scale posterior to parietal scale to last scale at the level of vent opening 43; paravertebral scales in a row between limb insertions 25; lamellae on fourth toe 15; precloacal pores 8, in an angular series; tail covered with smooth scales, in different sizes; subcaudals 42, enlarged and undivided. Coloration in life. In life, dorsum of the holotype pebble brown (Fig. 2); head with brownish olive spots; canthal stripe absent; ventral surface light beige to uniformly whitish as the belly and the throat; supralabials grey with dark grey spots; upper surface of fingers and toes uniformly light grey; dorsal surface of the tail light brownish grey, with uniformly distributed light spots along the tail tip. Sexual dimorphism. Morphologically, the female paratypes corresponded well with the holotype, except for the lack of precloacal pores. Comparisons. We compared the new species from Laos with all other known Dixonius species (see Table 4 for a comparison with most similar species). Morphologically, the new species is most similar to Dixonius minhlei from Vietnam in the number of precloacal pores and ventral scale rows. However, the new species can be distinguished from the latter by having more dorsal tubercle rows at midbody (20–23 versus 14 or 15), the absence of canthal stripe (versus canthal stripe continuing behind orbit to back of head), and by a different color pattern (pebble brown dorsum versus olive grey ground color on dorsum, with more or less discernible brownish olive blotches in D. minhlei); from D. siamensis, which is known from Laos, Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam, by having more dorsal tubercle rows (20–23 versus 10–14), more precloacal pores (8 versus 6 or 7), and generally more supralabials (8–10 versus 7 or 8); from D. hangseesom from Thailand by having more dorsal tubercle rows (20–23 versus 12–14), more paravertebral scales in a row from first scale posterior to parietal scale to last scale at the level of vent opening (PV 40–43 versus 26), and coloration of tail almost the same as the dorsum (versus orange tail); from D. kaweesaki from Thailand by its larger size (maximum SVL 55.4 mm versus 41.6 mm), having more dorsal tubercle rows at midbody (20–23 versus 12 or 13), and in dorsal head and body pattern (back pebble brown and head with brownish olive spots versus dorsal surface of head gray in D. kaweesaki); from D. melanostictus from Thailand and Vietnam by having more dorsal tubercle rows (20–23 versus 10 or 11), more paravertebral scales in a row between limb insertions (PV’ 24–25 versus 10 or 11), and the absence of canthal stripe (versus canthal stripe extending along flanks in D. melanostictus); from D. aaronbaueri from Vietnam by having more ventral scale rows at mid-body (23 or 24 versus 18 or 19), more dorsal tubercle rows at midbody (20–23 versus 11), more precloacal pores in males (8 versus 5), and different dorsal pattern (back pebble brown versus dorsal yellowish-orange to bright orange color from head to tail tip); from D. taoi from Vietnam by its larger size (maximum SVL 55.4 mm versus 43.9 mm), having more dorsal tubercle rows (20–23 versus 11 or 12), more precloacal pores (8 versus 5 or 6) and different dorsal pattern (back pebble brown versus one or two irregular rows of yellowish marks running from head along flanks in D. taoi); from D. vietnamensis from Vietnam and Cambodia in having more dorsal tubercle rows at mid-body (20–23 versus 16), more supralabials (8–10 versus 5 or 6), more ventral scale rows at midbody (23 or 24 versus 20), more lamellae under fourth toe (15 versus 13), and more precloacal pores (8 versus 5–7). Natural history notes. The type series was found between 20:00 and 21:00h on the forest floor or on karst cliffs, about 0.3 m above the ground. The surrounding habitat was secondary karst forest on the mountain (Fig. 6). The relative humidity ranged from 58% to 70%, and air temperature was 25–26 oC. Distribution. Dixonius lao sp. nov. is currently known only from the type locality in Khammouane Province, central Laos (Fig. 7). Etymology. The specific epithet “ lao ” is derived from both the official name of Laos, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic in which the species was discovered, and the Lao, the main group of people inhabiting Laos.Published as part of Nguyen, Thuong Huyen, Sitthivong, Saly, Ngo, Hanh Thi, Luu, Vinh Quang, Nguyen, Truong Quang, Le, Minh Duc & Ziegler, Thomas, 2020, A new species of Dixonius (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the karst forest of Khammouane Province, central Laos, pp. 530-542 in Zootaxa 4759 (4) on pages 532-538, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/374104
Dixonius somchanhae Nguyen & Luu & Sitthivong & Ngo & Nguyen & Le & Ziegler 2021, sp. nov.
No full textDixonius somchanhae sp. nov. Figs. 2–5 Holotype: Adult male, VNUF R.2020.3 (Field no. VT03) in Huaysorn-Huaysua Village, Nasaithong District, Vientiane Capital (18 o 11.450’ N, 104 o 45.926’ E, at an elevation of 285 m a.s.l.), Laos, collected by V. Q. Luu, N. V. Ha and S. Sitthivong on 26 September 2016. Paratypes. VNUF R.2020.1 (Field no. VT01), adult male, and VNUF R.2020.2 (Field no. VT02), adult m a le; the same data as given for the holotype. VNUF R.2020.4 (Field no. VT02-14), adult female, and VNUF R.2020.5 (Field no. VT03-14), adult female, collected by V.Q. Luu and T. Calame in June 2014. Diagnosis. A species of the genus Dixonius, characterized by a combination of the following characters: maximum SVL 47.1 mm; 19–21 longitudinal rows of dorsal tubercles at midbody; 23–26 longitudinal rows of ventrals across the abdomen; 7 or 8 supralabials, 6 in mid-orbital position; 5 or 6 infralabials; 5 or 6 precloacal pores in males, femoral pores lacking; precloacal and femoral pores absent in females; a canthal stripe running from rostrum through the eye and terminating at back of head; uniformly brown dorsum. Description of the holotype. Adult male, SVL 43.8 mm with dorsolaterally flattened body, TaL 62.7 mm, trunk length 20.5 mm. Head longer than wide, depressed, distinct from neck. Head length 12.2 mm, head width 8.5 mm, eye of moderate size 3.4 mm, ear-opening round (EL 1.6 mm), snout-eye length 5.1 mm, internarial distance 1.3 mm. Rostral very large, wider than high (width 1.9 mm, height 1.4 mm), with distinct suture; supralabials 7/7 (6 in midorbital position); nostril in contact with rostral, first supralabial, supranasal, and two nasals posteriorly on each side; supranasals in broad contact with each other; without intersupranasals; snout flat, covered with granular scales; pupil vertical; ear opening round, approximately one half of the eye diameter, without bordering enlarged scales; infralabials 5/5, decreasing gradually in size; mental triangular, wider than high (width 2.0 mm, height 1.6 mm); two pairs of enlarged postmentals, first pair very large and in contact with each other, second pair about one third size of first, in contact with the first and second infralabials and separated from each other by seven gular scales; dorsal tubercle rows at midbody 20, keeled, separated from each other by one smaller scale, keeled or at least almost conical shaped; ventral scales larger than dorsal scales, in 24 rows at midbody; dorsal surface of fore- and hind limbs covered by feebly keeled scales, area around limb insertions covered with small granular scales; paravertebral scales (number of scales in a paravertebral row from first scale posterior to parietal scale to last scale at the level of cloaca) 35; paravertebral scales in a row between limb insertions 21; lamellae on fourth toe 14; precloacal pores 6, in an angular series; tail covered by keeled scales, in different sizes; subcaudals 56, enlarged and undivided. Coloration in life. Dorsum of the holotype brown in life with irregular dark marks (Fig. 2); head with dark blotches; a light brown canthal stripe running from rostrum through eyes, ending at back of head; light spots irregularly arranged from head to tail; ventral surface light beige to uniformly whitish as the belly and the throat; supralabials grey with dark grey spots; upper surface of toes uniformly light grey with dark blotches; dorsal surface of the tail light brownish-grey with cream lines. In preservative, dorsal head, back and dorsal surface of tail brownish grey with irregular dark brown blotches; coloration on dorsal surface of fore- and hindlimbs grey brown. Canthal stripe dark brown, running from rostrum through eyes, stretching behind orbit to back of head. Round white spots arranged in two irregular rows extend from back of head along body and tail. Sexual dimorphism. Morphologically, paratypes corresponded well with the holotype, except for the absence of precloacal pores in females (Table 2). Comparisons. The new species from Vientiane Capital, Laos can be distinguished from all known Dixonius species as follows: from D. taoi from Vietnam by having more dorsal tubercle rows (19–21 versus 11–12), more ventral scale rows at midbody (23–26 versus 21–23), and different color pattern on head and tail (light spots irregular arranged from head to tail versus four to seven round yellowish spots, arranged in one or two irregular rows from back of head onwards and continuing along tail); from D. minhlei from Vietnam by having more dorsal tubercle rows (19–21 versus 14–15), fewer precloacal pores in males (5–6 versus 7–8), and more ventral scale rows at midbody (23–26 versus 20–23); from D. siamensis by its smaller size (maximum SVL 47.1 versus 57 mm), having more dorsal tubercle rows (19–21 versus 10–14), and generally fewer precloacal pores in males (5–6 versus 6–7); from D. aaronbaueri by having more ventral scale rows at midbody (23–26 versus 18–19), more dorsal tubercle rows (19–21 versus 11), and fewer paravertebral scales in a row between limb insertions (PV’ 19–27 versus 29– 32); from D. dulayaphitakorum by having more ventral scale rows at mid-body (23–26 versus 22), fewer dorsal tubercle rows (19–21 versus 22), fewer interorbital scale (7–8 versus 9–10), and fewer infralabials (5–6 versus 7); from D. pawangkhananti by having more ventral scale rows at mid-body (23–26 versus 16), more dorsal tubercle rows (19–21 versus 16), and more paravertebral scales from first scale posterior to parietal scale to last scale at the level of cloaca (PV 35–40 versus 30–32); from D. hangseesom by having more dorsal tubercle rows at midbody (19–21 versus 12–14), more paravertebral scales from first scale posterior to parietal scale to last scale at the level of cloaca (PV 35–40 versus 26), and fewer precloacal pores in males (5–6 versus 7–8); from D. melanostictus by having more ventral scale rows at midbody (23–26 versus 22), more dorsal tubercle rows (19–21 versus 10–11), more paravertebral scales in a row between limb insertions (PV’ 19–27 versus 10–11), and fewer precloacal pores in males (5–6 versus 9); from D. kaweesaki by having more dorsal tubercle rows (19–21 versus 12–13), fewer precloacal pores in males (5–6 versus 9–11), different canthal stripe (a light brown canthal stripe running from rostrum through eyes, ending at back of head versus a black canthal stripe running through the eye, joining the upper part of the flanks), and coloration of tail light brownish-grey (versus light orange); from D. vietnamensis by its larger size (maximum SVL 47.1 versus 40.8 mm), having more dorsal tubercle rows at midbody (19–21 versus 16), and more supralabials (7–8 versus 5–6); from D. lao by its smaller size (maximum SVL 47.1 versus 55.4 mm), fewer infralabials (5–6 versus 7–8), and fewer precloacal pores in males (5–6 versus 8). For further distinguishing characters see Table 3. Distribution. Dixonius somchanhae sp. nov. is currently known only from the type locality in Huaysorn- Huaysua Village, Vientiane Capital, Laos (Fig. 6). Natural history notes. The type series was found at night, between 19h00 and 22h00, on the rocks of sandstone area (Fig. 7). The surrounding habitat was disturbed secondary forest of small hardwoods and shrubs. Etymology. The new Dixonius somchanhae species is named after Associate Professor Dr. Somchanh Bounphanmy, from the National University of Laos, in recognition of her support of our biodiversity research in Laos.Published as part of Nguyen, Thuong Huyen, Luu, Vinh Quang, Sitthivong, Saly, Ngo, Hanh Thi, Nguyen, Truong Quang, Le, Minh Duc & Ziegler, Thomas, 2021, A new species of Dixonius (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Vientiane Capital, Laos, pp. 351-362 in Zootaxa 4965 (2) on pages 354-360, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4965.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/475027
Cyrtodactylus taybacensis Pham & Le & Ngo & Ziegler & Nguyen 2019, sp. nov.
No full textCyrtodactylus taybacensis sp. nov. (Figs. 3–5) Holotype. IEBR 4379 (Field No. SL 2016.400), adult male, collected by A.V. Pham and D.A. Giang on 14 October 2016 in the karst forest near Ca Nang Village (21˚54.440’N, 103˚31.390’E, elevation: 650 m asl.), Ca Nang Commune, Quynh Nhai District, Son La Province, northwestern Vietnam. Paratypes. TBU 0 7, 0 8 (Field Nos. SL 2016.271, 272), adult males collected by A.V. Pham, T. Q.L. Hoang, L. M. Ha, N. B. Song, D. K.K.S. Vanh, and C. A. Lau on 25 September 2016 and IEBR 4380 (Field No. SL 2017.26), adult female, collected by N.B. Song and D. K.K.S. Vanh on 22 June 2017 in the karst forest near Pha Luong Village (21˚36.324’N, 103˚34.540’E, elevation: 720 m asl.), Phong Lai Commune, Thuan Chau District, Son La Province; IEBR 4381 & 4382 (Field Nos. SL2016.403, 405), adult males and TBU 0 9 (Field No. SL 2016.404), adult female collected by A.V. Pham, L. M. Ha, O. V. Dieu and D. A. Giang on 15 October 2016 near Tua Thang Commune, Tua Chua District, Dien Bien Province (21˚56.933’N, 103˚27.803’E, elevation: 610 m asl.). Diagnosis. The new species can be distinguished from other members of the genus Cyrtodactylus by a combination of the following characters: medium size (SVL up to 97.5 mm); dorsal tubercles in 13–16 irregular rows; ventral scale rows 30–38; ventrolateral folds present without interspersed tubercles; each thigh with 11–13 enlarged femoral scales; femoral pores absent in males and females; precloacal pores 11–13 in males, five or 15 pitted scales in females, in a continuous row; postcloacal tubercles two or three; lamellae under toe IV 16–20; subcaudal scales transversely enlarged; dorsal head with dark brown marking, oval, triangle and arched shape; five brown dorsal bands between limb insertions. Description of holotype. Adult male, snout-vent length (SVL) 85.7 mm; body elongate (AG/SVL 0.46); head distinct from neck, elongate, depressed (HL/SVL 0.28, HW/HL 0.67, HH/HL 0.41); supranasals in contact with each other anteriorly, separated from each other by a small scale posteriorly; nares oval, surrounded by supranasal, rostral, first supralabial, and three postnasals; loreal region concave; snout long (SE/HL 0.38), round anteriorly, longer than diameter of orbit (OD/SE 0.68); snout scales small, round, granular, larger than those in frontal and parietal regions; eye large (OD/HL 0.26), pupils vertical; upper eyelid fringe with spinous scales; ear opening oval, obliquely directed, small in size (ED/HL 0.07); rostral wider than high (RH/RW 0.74), bordered by first supralabial, nostril and supranasal on each side; mental triangular, as wide as rostral (RW 3.6 mm, MW 3.5 mm), wider than high (ML/MW 0.74); postmentals two, enlarged, in contact with mental anteriorly, first infralabial laterally, and eight small scales posteriorly; supralabials 10/11; infralabials 9/9. Dorsal scales granular; dorsal tubercles round, three or four times larger than the size of adjoining scales, conical, present on occiput, back and tail base, each surrounded by 9 or 10 granular scales, in 15 or 16 irregular longitudinal rows at midbody; ventral scales smooth, medial scales two times larger than dorsal scales, round, subimbricate, in 34–36 longitudinal rows at midbody; lateral skin folds distinct, without tubercles; gular region with homogeneous smooth scales; ventral scales between mental and cloacal slit 177; precloacal groove absent; three rows of enlarged scales present in posterior region of pore-bearing scales; enlarged femoral scales present; femoral pores absent; precloacal pores 13, in a continuous row. Fore and hind limbs moderately slender (ForeaL/SVL 0.18, CrusL/SVL 0.23); dorsal surface of forelimbs covered by small scales, slightly larger than underside scales, without tubercles; dorsal surface of hind limbs covered by distinctly developed tubercles; interdigital webbing weakly developed; subdigital lamellae: finger I 14/ 14 (with 6/6 basally broadened lamellae), finger II 16/15 (7/6), finger III 17/18 (6/6), finger IV 18/18 (7/7), finger V 16/17 (6/5), toe I 15/15 (6/6), toe II 15/16 (6/6), toe III 17/17 (6/6), toe IV 20/19 (9/8), toe V 19/20 (7/7). Tail regenerated; postcloacal tubercles 2/2; dorsal tail base with distinct tubercles; subcaudals distinctly enlarged in the original part, smooth. ……continued on the next page Coloration in life. Ground color of dorsal head and back yellowish brown; snout region yellow with two dark spots; dorsal head with dark marking, oval, triangle and arched shape; a dark stripe extending from posterior corner of eye to above tympanum; labials yellow; neck with some large dark blotches, forming a discontinuous band anteriorly and a continuous band posteriorly; dorsum with five transverse dark brown bands between fore and hind limb insertions, edged in yellow anteriorly and posteriorly; dorsal surface of fore and hind limbs with dark brown blotches; dorsal surface of tail yelowish brown with two dark bands at base, regenerated part greyish cream; chin, throat, chest, belly and lower limbs pinkish white; ventral surface of tail greyish (Fig. 3). Sexual dimorphism and variation. The females differ from male specimens in the absence of hemipenial swellings at the tail base and having a larger size. The males have 11–13 precloacal pores (versus 5 or 15 pitted scales in females). The tails of paratypes (TBU 0 7 and IEBR 4380) are complete, greyish cream with nine dark brown bands, subcaudals distinctly enlarged approximately three fourths of tail length. For other morphological characters see Table 1. Distribution. Cyrtodactylus taybacensis sp. nov. is currently known from Tua Chua District in Dien Bien Province and Thuan Chau and Quynh Nhai districts in Son La Province, Vietnam (Fig. 1). Etymology. Specific epithet “ taybacensis ” is a toponym in reference to the type locality of the species, meaning “from northwestern region”. For the common names we suggest Taybac Bent-toed Gecko (English) and Thạch sùng ngón tây bǻc (Vietnamese). Natural history. Specimens were found at night between 19:00 and 21:00, on trees near limestone cliffs and in rock crevices, approximately 0.5–1.5 m above the ground, at elevations between 600 and 720 m asl. The surrounding habitat was disturbed evergreen karst forest of medium hardwood and shrub. The relative humidity was approximately 75–85% and the air temperature ranged from 25 to 34 o C. Comparisons. We compared the new species with its congeners from Vietnam and neighboring countries in mainland Indochina, including Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, China (Yunnan), Thailand, and peninsular Malaysia based on examination of specimens (see Appendix) and data obtained from the literature (Smith 1917, 1921a, b, 1935; Taylor 1963; Ulber & Grossmann 1991; Ulber 1993; Bauer 2002, 2003; Bauer et al. 2002, 2003, 2009, 2010; Ziegler et al. 2002, 2010, 2013; Pauwels & Sumontha 2014; Pauwels et al. 2004, 2013, 2014a, b, 2016; Nguyen et al. 2006, 2014; Hoang et al. 2007; Orlov et al. 2007; Grismer & Ahmad 2008; Ngo 2008, 2011; Ngo & Bauer 2008; Ngo & Chan 2010, 2011; Ngo & Grismer 2010, 2012; Ngo & Pauwels 2010; Ngo et al. 2008, 2010; Sumontha et al. 2010, 2012, 2014; Chan-ard & Makchai 2011; David et al. 2011; Schneider et al. 2011; Luu et al. 2011, 2014, 2015, 2016a, b, c; Grismer et al. 2012, 2016, 2017; Kunya et al. 2014, 2015; Nazarov et al. 2014; Panitvong et al. 2014; Le et al. 2016; Connette et al. 2017; Pham et al. 2017; and Nguyen et al. 2015a, 2017). The new species can be distinguished from other known species of Cyrtodactylus by morphological characters (see Table 2). Below we compared the new species from the closely related species from northern Vietnam and northern Laos. In general appearance, Cyrtodactylus taybacensis sp. nov. is similar to C. bichnganae Ngo & Grismer, C. cf. bichnganae, C. bobrovi Nguyen, Le, Pham, Ngo, Hoang, Pham & Ziegler, C. chauquangensis Hoang, Orlov, Ananjeva, Johns, Hoang & Dau, C. cucphuongensis Ngo & Chan, C. huongsonensis Luu, Nguyen, Do & Ziegler, C. martini Ngo, C. puhuensis Nguyen, Yang, Le, Nguyen, Orlov, Hoang, Nguyen, Jin, Rao, Hoang, Che, Murphy & Zhang, C. otai Nguyen, Le, Pham, Ngo, Hoang, Pham & Ziegler, C. spelaeus Nazarov, Poyarkov, Orlov, Nguyen, Milto, Martynov, Konstantinov & Chulisov, C. soni Le, Nguyen, Le & Ziegler, C. sonlaensis Nguyen, Pham, Ziegler, Ngo & Le, C. vilaphongi Schneider, Nguyen, Duc Le, Nophaseud, Bonkowski & Ziegler, C. wayakonei Nguyen, Kingsada, Rösler, Auer & Ziegler. Cyrtodactylus taybacensis sp. nov. differs from C. bichnganae by having more precloacal pores in males (11–13 vs. 10) and the absence of femoral pores on each thigh in males (vs. 9); from C. bobrovi by having fewer ventral scale rows (30–38 vs. 40–45), the presence of enlarged femoral scales (vs. absent), the presence of enlarged subcaudals (vs. absent), more preloacal pores in males (11–13 vs. 5), and fewer lamellae under toe IV (16–20 vs. 21–22); from C. chauquangensis by the presence of enlarged femoral scales (vs. absent) and having more precloacal pores in males (11–13 vs. 6); from C. cucphuongensis by the presence of precloacal pores in males (vs. absent), having fewer ventral scale rows (30–38 vs. 42), fewer lamellae under finger IV (17–19 vs. 21) and under toe IV (16–20 vs. 24); from C. huongsonensis by having more enlarged femoral scales on each thigh (11–14 vs. 7–9), more precloacal pores in males (11–13 vs. 6), and fewer ventral scale rows (30–38 vs. 41–48); from C. martini by having more precloacal pores in males (11–13 vs. 4), fewer ventral scale rows (30–38 vs. 39–43), and fewer lamellae under toe IV (16–20 vs. 22–24); from C. puhuensis by having more precloacal pores in males (11–13 vs. 5) and fewer lamellae under toe IV (16–20 vs. 23); from C. otai by having more preloacal pores in males (11–13 vs. 7–8), the presence of enlarged femoral scales (vs. absent), and the presence of enlarged subcaudals (vs. absent); from C. soni by having more enlarged femoral scales on each thigh (11–14 vs. 8–9), more precloacal pores in males (11–13 vs. 6–8), the absence of femoral pores in males (vs. 6–8 on each thigh), and fewer ventral scale rows (30–38 vs. 41–45); from C. sonlaensis by its larger size (SVL reaching 97.5 mm vs. 83.2 mm), the absence of femoral pores in males (vs. 13–15 on each thigh), more precloacal pores in males (11–13 vs. 8), and fewer enlarged femoral scales on each thigh (11–14 vs. 15–17); from C. spelaeus by having more precloacal pores in males (11–13 vs. 8–9) and fewer lamellae under toe IV (16–20 vs. 22–24); from C. vilaphongi by the presence of enlarged subcaudals (vs. absent), the presence of of enlarged femoral scales (vs. absent), and the presence of pitted scales in females (vs. absent); and from C. wayakonei by having fewer dorsal tubercle rows (13–16 vs. 16–19), the presence of enlarged femoral scales (vs. absent), and more precloacal pores in males (11–13 vs. 6–8). Morphologically, Cyrtodactylus taybacensis sp. nov. resembles C. cf. bichnganae. However, the new species can be distinguished from the latter by having more precloacal pores in males (11–13 vs. 7–9 in C. cf. bichnganae) and the absence of femoral pores on each thigh in males (vs. 3–10 in C. cf. bichnganae).Published as part of Pham, Anh Van, Le, Minh Duc, Ngo, Hanh Thi, Ziegler, Thomas & Nguyen, Truong Quang, 2019, A new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from northwestern Vietnam, pp. 360-380 in Zootaxa 4544 (3) on pages 364-369, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4544.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/261839
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