41 research outputs found
Macrophage Activation Syndrome: A Report of Two Cases and a Literature Review
No full textMacrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a severe, potentially fatal condition that may complicate autoimmune diseases, and it belongs to hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) disorders. MAS occurs in adults and children. However, it is rare in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE), and it is extremely rare to be the initial presentation of jSLE. Here, we report two patients with juvenile SLE who initially presented with MAS. One of the two patients is 4 years old. This is the youngest reported patient to our knowledge.</jats:p
Macrophage Activation Syndrome: A Report of Two Cases and a Literature Review
No full textMacrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a severe, potentially fatal condition that may complicate autoimmune diseases, and it belongs to hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) disorders. MAS occurs in adults and children. However, it is rare in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE), and it is extremely rare to be the initial presentation of jSLE. Here, we report two patients with juvenile SLE who initially presented with MAS. One of the two patients is 4 years old. This is the youngest reported patient to our knowledge
High frequency of antibiotic administration for COVID-19 patients in Syria and its associations with mortality and complications
No full textBackground: Syria’s healthcare system was severely challenged by the COVID-19 pandemic due to resource scarcity and a shortage of healthcare personnel. In this context, antibiotics were frequently prescribed empirically because of limited diagnostic capacity, concerns about secondary bacterial infections, and delayed hospitalization, despite the limited evidence of bacterial co-infection among patients with COVID-19. Method: This study investigates the use of antibiotics among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Syria, focusing on its association with mortality, ICU admissions, and complications. We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study in the four major Syrian cities, including 3199 patients, 93.4% of whom received antibiotics. Results: The most frequently prescribed antibiotics were cephalosporins, macrolides, and quinolones. We found a significant association between the administration of multiple classes (> 3) of antibiotics and increased mortality and ICU admissions, even after adjusting for the LR-COMPAK mortality risk score and treating hospital. Specifically, the use of carbapenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, glycopeptides, and cephalosporins were independently linked to increased mortality, while piperacillin/tazobactam, carbapenem, glycopeptides, amoxicillin/clavulanate, cephalosporins, and quinolones were associated with ICU admissions. Administration of multiple classes (> 3) of antibiotics also correlated with complications including secondary infections, septic shock, and acute kidney injury. Conclusions: This study highlights excessive antibiotic use among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Syria and its association with increased mortality, ICU admission, and serious complications. These findings underscore the urgent need for strengthened antibiotic stewardship and improved prescribing practices to reduce adverse outcomes and mitigate the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance in conflict-affected and resource-limited healthcare settings. Clinical trial number: Not applicabl
A Thematic Study of Repetition in Taha Hussein’s The Call of the Curlew
No full textThis analytical study examines Taha Hussein’s The Call of the Curlew uses of repetitions as a stylistic feature which represents specific functions intended by the original author according to Nida's dynamic equivalence and compared to their equivalents in TT. The loss of meaning that comes out from deletion; the intended function by the original author; and the loss of theme and rheme that happens while deleting the repetition are the core of this study. The study includes content analysis of ten random selected examples from the novel and was based on Munday (2008 & 2010); Dickins et al (2002); Venuti (2013); Johnstone (1991); Hermans (2009); Chesterman (1997) and Bassnett (1980). The Study concludes that the translator tries to delete such a repetition to follow naturalness. Naturalness is not the appropriate strategy of translating repetition where it used as a stylistic feature by the original author. Loss of meaning and loss of theme-rheme order occur too
Lessons learnt from the first wave of COVID-19 in Damascus, Syria: a multicentre retrospective cohort study
No full textObjectives The decade-long Syrian war led to fragile health infrastructures lacking in personal and physical resources. The public health of the Syrian population was, therefore, vulnerable to the COVID-19 pandemic, which devastated even well-resourced healthcare systems. Nevertheless, the officially reported incidence and fatality rates were significantly lower than the forecasted numbers.Design A retrospective cohort study.Setting The four main responding hospitals in Damascus, which received most of the cases during the first pandemic wave in Syria (i.e., June–August 2020).Participants One thousand one hundred eighty-four patients who were managed as inpatient COVID-19 cases.Primary and secondary outcome measures The records of hospitalised patients were screened for clinical history, vital signs, diagnosis modality, major interventions and status at discharge.Results The diagnostic and therapeutic preparedness for COVID-19 was significantly heterogeneous among the different centres and depleted rapidly after the arrival of the first wave. Only 32% of the patients were diagnosed based on positive reverse transcription-PCR tests. Five hundred twenty-six patients had an indication for intensive care unit admission, but only 82% of them received it. Two hundred fifty-seven patients needed mechanical ventilation, but ventilators were not available to 14% of them, all of whom died. Overall mortality during hospitalisation reached 46% and no significant difference was found in fatality between those who received and did not receive these care options.Conclusions The Syrian healthcare system expressed minor resilience in facing the COVID-19 pandemic, as its assets vanished swiftly with a limited number of cases. This forced physicians to reserve resources (e.g., ventilators) for the most severe cases, which led to poor outcomes of in-hospital management and limited the admission capacity for milder cases. The overwhelmed system additionally suffered from constrained coordination, suboptimal allocation of the accessible resources and a severe inability to informatively report on the catastrophic pandemic course in Syria
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension with juvenile idiopathic arthritis‐associated uveitis: A case report
No full textAbstract A 14‐year‐old girl with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)‐associated uveitis who also had optic disc edema, was later diagnosed with Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). To our knowledge, this is the fifth case of the coexistence of uveitis and IIH among children, and the only one with no obvious risk factors for IIH
Factors affecting overseas training in Libyan oil companies
No full textTraining initiatives are a world-wide phenomena, particularly in developing countrieswhich have been using overseas training as a part of their overall development strategy.However, although there is substantial literature regarding training practices globally.there is no comprehensive framework that embraces all the factors affecting trainingthat is conducted abroad. This research is aimed at developing such a frame\vork, usingLibya as a precise case that will allow for the identification of the key factors affectingoverseas training, and will further permit some generalisation to other developingcountries.The research is qualitative in nature, employing a case study approach and using semistructuredinterviews as the main data collection tool within two Libyan oil companies.Several tools are used in order to achieve triangulation, to fully understand the overseastraining practices in the two case organisations, and to establish the factors affecting theoverseas training. This approach allowed revisions to be made to the theoreticalframework derived from the literature by the author, resulting in a specific model ofrelevance to overseas training.Contributions to knowledge on both academic and practical levels are evident by thestudy, which represents the first attempt to empirically investigate overseas trainingactivities in Libyan Oil Companies. The original contribution of the research is thedeveloped framework. Other novel contributions of the study are the identification ofseveral new factors that could affect overseas training programmes, and the addition ofnew knowledge that both supports and contradicts the existing literature about training.Moreover, the study has attempted to address the problems raised when applying therecommendations in the literature to a cultural context other than that on which theliterature was based. Practically, the study has implications for both managers andpractitioners, such as the preparation of trainees before sending them abroad,monitoring trainees during overseas training, difficulties encountered by traineesabroad, especially in western countries, the evaluation of overseas training, and theimportance of incentives and reward when managing overseas training. The frameworkdeveloped in the study presents the critical elements and factors that can enhance andjeopardise the success of overseas training
Analysis of soil nailed retaining walls
No full textRestriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:16:42-05:00
Original Data
Group with Access UIUC Users [automated]
Release Date: none
Reason: ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permissionETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permissionA finite element (F.E.) computer program, SNAP, has been developed in this study. The analysis simulates the sequence of excavation and support of soil nailed retaining walls. The program contains isoparametric elements for the soil, beam elements for the wall facing and soil nails, and interface elements between the soil and the nails and between the soil and the wall facing. The subsequent analyses were conducted using a nonlinear-plasticity model with non-associated flow rule and both isotropic and kinematic hardening to simulate granular soil behavior. SNAP can simulate soil layers with different soil properties. The capability of the material model for simulating soil behavior has been demonstrated for triaxial compression, extension, transition from triaxial extension to compression and plane strain compression. The possible range of the values of the soil parameters used in the material model has been evaluated and correlated with soil density.A full scale field test of a combined soil nailed and tieback wall has been analyzed using SNAP. Field measurements of the wall deformation and loads in the nails have been compared with the F.E. results. Contours of stresses have been presented. The F.E. analysis was used to compare the measured and predicted performance of soil nailed walls with ties and without ties. The influence of some of the soil model parameters on the prediction of the deformation and the ratio of the volume of surface displacements to the volume of the lateral displacements of the soil nailed wall has been compared with ratio obtained from the field test and the F.E. parametric study.The parameters of nail length and, spacing and excavation height have been investigated for their influence on wall deformations and volume of lateral and vertical deformation and the results have been shown in a series of figures, for soil nailed walls without tiebacks. A suggestion has been made for the ratios of the length of the nails to the current height of the wall and the spacing between the nails to the current height of the wall required for certain displacement level as well as to achieve adequate global factor of safety.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T12:19:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Preserving Style in Translating Metaphors of a Literary Text from English into Arabic
No full textThis paper investigates the stylistics issues in translating metaphors of George Orwell's Animal Farm from English into two different Arabic translations and whether the metaphors’ style is maintained or not in the target texts. The research presents concepts related to metaphor translation such as text types and semantic/ communicative translation. This study is based on Newmark’s (1988) classifications of metaphors. The data are selected randomly from the novel, then the target texts equivalents are provided to investigate the maintaining of metaphors’ style in TT (1) and TT (2) as compared to the ST. The study concludes that the translators try their best to reproduce the same image in the TT (target text) as closely as possible. Although, it is important for a metaphor to be retained in the translation, however, the study reveals that some metaphors has been translated word-by-word in both target texts (TT1 and TT2). TT (2) follows the target readers’ culture (Arabic culture) in translating some of these metaphors to some-extent more than the TT (1). Metaphors are translated in both denotative and connotative associations. TT2 has deleted some metaphors from the translation (TT2) which may cause some loss in meaning. TT1 is to some-extent successfully conveyed all metaphors which may express the translator’s fluency as a well-known author. Omissions reveal that TT2 is conventional to the target culture. Finally, the study concludes that TT1 is more restricted to the ST style; whereas, TT2 is restricted more to the target language (Arabic)
