167 research outputs found
Meta-analysis of association studies between five candidate genes and type 2 diabetes in Chinese Han population
No full textThe multiple small-scale association studies of candidate genes for type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Chinese Han population have shown inconsistent results. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the contribution of five candidate genes to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in the Chinese Han population. We searched for relevant published papers and used STATA v.11.0 to perform a meta-analysis on six single-nucleotide polymorphisms in five genes-ADIPOQ-rs2241766 (SNP45) and -rs1501299 (SNP276), ADRB3-rs4994 (Trp64Arg), CAPN10-rs3792267 (SNP43), ENPP1-rs1044498 (K121Q), and PPARGC1A-rs8192678 (Gly482Ser)-in the Chinese Han population under an additive genetic model. The pooled odds ratios (95% confidence intervals and P-values) were 0.71 (0.60-0.83; P < 0.001) for ADIPOQ-rs2241766, 0.79 (0.64-0.97; P = 0.027) for ADIPOQ-rs1501299, 1.27 (1.07-1.51; P = 0.006) for ADRB3-rs4994, 0.79 (0.57-1.10; P = 0.163) for CAPN10-rs3792267, 1.41 (1.13-1.76; P = 0.003) for ENPP1-rs1044498, and 1.54 (1.34-1.81; P < 0.001) for PPARGC1A-rs8192678. There was high heterogeneity for ADIPOQ-rs2241766, ADIPOQ-rs1501299, and CAPN10-rs3792267 (I (2) = 74.9, 69.4, and 75.8%, respectively), but not for ADRB3-rs4994, ENPP1-rs1044498, and PPARGC1A-rs8192678 (I (2) = 0.0, 43.4, and 23.3%, respectively). Under an additive genetic model, the C allele of ADRB3-rs4994, the C allele of ENPP1-rs1044498, and the A allele of PPARGC1A-rs8192678 increase the risk of type 2 diabetes in the Chinese Han population.Endocrinology & MetabolismSCI(E)PubMed1ARTICLE2307-3204
Rs4074134 near BDNF gene is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese Han population independently of body mass index.
No full textObesity and family history are the most important predictors for type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) in the Chinese Han population. However, it is not known whether the genetic loci related to obesity are associated with the risk of developing T2DM in this population. The present case-control study evaluated the associations between five genetic loci for obesity and the pathogenesis of T2DM. The study included 1117 Chinese Han patients with T2DM, 1629 patients with pre-diabetes (impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance, IFG/IGT) and 1113 control subjects residing in Beijing. Five genetic loci including rs2815752 near NEGR1, rs10938397 near GNPDA2, rs4074134 near BDNF, rs17782313 near MC4R and rs1084753 near KCTD15 were genotyped. The results showed an association between rs4074134-BDNF minor allele and T2DM irrespective of age, gender and body mass index (BMI) (OR = 0.87; 95%CI: 0.77-0.99, P = 0.04). This SNP was also associated with pre-diabetes (OR = 0.87; 95%CI: 0.77-0.97, P = 0.01) independently of age, gender and BMI. No associations were found between diabetes or pre-diabetes and any of the other SNP loci studied. Genotype-phenotype association analysis (adjusting for age and gender) showed rs4074134-BDNF to be associated with BMI, waist circumference, fasting and postprandial plasma glucose, fasting serum insulin, and HOMA-IR in subjects without T2DM. However, fasting and postprandial plasma glucose were the only significant factors after adjusting for BMI. These results suggest that the common variation of BDNF (rs4074134) is associated with T2DM independently of obesity in Chinese Han population. This variant also has an effect on plasma glucose concentration, BMI and insulin sensitivity
Understanding the values in the context of Wi-Fi access data
No full textFor data-intensive research, Wi-Fi access data has become an important source since it’s low-cost, convenient and rich in information. It is mainly used to study people’s movement and then used to infer individuals’ or a group of people’s behavior pattern. The application of the research result is also common. It could be used to do interior positioning, crowd management, facility management and more. As the Global Data Privacy Regulation (GDPR) became enforceable in 2018, it set strict rules for personal data collection and usage. Since Wi-Fi access data contains personal information and it’s hard to be anonymised for research purposes, GDPR brings more limitations for people like researchers when they deal with Wi-Fi access data. The GDPR triggers the development of a data platform in TU Delft, which aims at sharing data to researchers in a legal way. This data platform will legitimate the management of such personal data, helping the researchers to get and process the data in a GDPR-compliant way. Three stakeholders are involved in this context: the ICT Department as the data controller, researchers and designers as the data requester, and the students and employees in the TU campus as the data subject. All their values need to be taken seriously when developing the platform. Thus, the aim of the research is to bridge the gap between the stakeholder’s values and the implementations of the platform developers. Literature review is conducted first, discussing why ethics are important in platform design. Then the background information about Wi-Fi access data and GDPR are researched, so as an overview of the data platform. Then the research uses Friedman’s Value Sensitive Design methods to explore the values of different stakeholder entities. Methods like interview, questionnaire and generative session are used to collect the stakeholders’ insights. Then the insights are analysed, being defined as different values according to Schwartz’s theory of Basic Human Values. Then, a toolkit is designed through two minimum viable product (MVP) iterations. It communicates the values to the platform developers, then inspire them to come up with functionalities that fulfill the values. The form of the toolkit are two sets of cards. The first card set are ‘values cards’. On the frontside of each card, a defined value, a sub-value and one quote from the stakeholder that help to understand the value are shown. On the backside of each card, questions that help the developers to measure whether this value is met are asked. The second card set are ‘inspiration cards’. It shows one or more functionality that could be developed to fulfill each value, triggering the developers coming up with more tangible features. It is expected that the toolkit will be used in the group discussions when deciding what functionalities will be implemented into the platform, to speak for the absent stakeholders as well as to trigger discussion. Finally, the limitations of the research are discussed, the whole project is concluded and personal reflection is made.Strategic Product Desig
Clinical Characteristics of Young Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Atherosclerosis.
No full textThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing rapidly in the young population. The clinical characteristics and risk factors for young type 2 diabetes patients with atherosclerosis are not fully explicated. The aim of the present study was to investigate various clinical and biochemical characteristics of young type 2 diabetic patients with atherosclerosis.This was a cross-sectional study. The study involved 2199 hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes. The young patients were classified into the atherosclerotic group or the non-atherosclerotic group, and we also enrolled an older group with peripheral atherosclerosis disease and an age of at least 45 years. Comparisons were made between the different groups to investigate the cardiovascular and metabolic risk profiles of young type 2 diabetes patients with atherosclerosis. We also used logistic regression models to assess the atherosclerosis risk factors for young patients.Compared to older type 2 diabetes patients with atherosclerosis, young patients with atherosclerosis had more deleterious profiles of weight and hyperlipidemia. Only age and diabetes duration were found to be significant independent risk factors for atherosclerosis in young patients. The ratio of the presence of atherosclerosis in the lower extremity arteries alone was significantly higher in young patients than older patients (26.4% vs. 14.0%, P = 0.000).Young type 2 diabetes patients with atherosclerosis have more adverse cardiovascular risk profiles and inadequate control of these risk factors. Lower extremity examination is of high importance in young patients
Design of a living as a service platform including shared mobility
No full textThis graduation project starts with the goal of making a mobility hub as part of living services. In the project, the service scope of a mobility hub is a community, and the service objects are residents of that community. The concept of living services in the project is defined as the living service package which includes the rental service and a series of additional shared services, such as shared space, cleaning and maintenance. Online surveys and qualitative interviews are conducted to understand how different types of users participate in shared mobility and shared living services, as well as their needs and expectations for community-scaled shared services. The results show that tenants living in shared living communities have higher demand and expectations for shared services, thus are regarded as the target users. Moreover, it is found that there is strong association between people's community life and their participation in shared services. In addition to the physical shared facilities and space, tenants expect value-added services to help them use shared services without concerns and better manage their community life. In the design phase, DUWO community is taken as an example for designing a living service concept including mobility, to support tenants' community life. The final design, DUWO community service platform, is not limited to the functional combination of shared mobility and shared living services, but also makes up for the deficiencies of DUWO's shared services in supporting services and neighborhood interaction. The platform integrates all DUWO's living services including shared mobility, and also provides tenants with neighborhood interaction and communication services. Additionally, communitybot is provided as a community service assistant, responsible for answering users' questions and providing users with suggestions and information based on their living conditions.Strategic Product Desig
P38 Plays an Important Role in Glucolipotoxicity-Induced Apoptosis in INS-1 Cells
No full textObjectives. The mechanism underlying the regulation of glucolipotoxicity-induced apoptosis by MAPKs was examined in INS-1 cells. Methods. The rat insulinoma cell line INS-1 was cotreated with glucose (30mM) and palmitic acid (0.2mM) (GLU+PA). Apoptosis was assessed by cell morphology and detection of PARP cleavage. The activation of MAPKs was examined by Western blotting using specific antibodies against the phosphorylated forms of JNK, ERK1/2, and P38. Results. (1) Live cell imaging studies showed that treatment with GLU+PA for 72 h induced significant cell death, concomitant with PARP-1 cleavage and caspase-3 activation, which peaked at 96 h of treatment. (2) Western blot analysis of the activation of MAPKs during GLU+PA-induced INS-1 cell apoptosis showed that phosphorylation of P38 increased gradually and reached a peak at 96 h, which coincided with PARP-1 cleavage. A transient increase of ERK activation was followed by a rapid decline at 96 h, whereas JNK phosphorylation status remained unchanged in response to GLU+PA. (3) Phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-2 at 48 h of treatment triggered its degradation, which coincided with P38 activation. (4) Inhibition of P38, but not JNK or ERK, blocked GLU+PA-induced INS-1 cell apoptosis. Conclusions. P38 may be involved in the regulation of glucolipotoxicity-induced apoptosis through the phosphorylation of IRS-2.Endocrinology & MetabolismMedicine, Research & ExperimentalSCI(E)[email protected]
Analysis of insulin doses of Chinese type 2 diabetic patients with intensive insulin treatment.
No full textBackgroundTo investigate the daily insulin doses and the ratio of basal insulin to total daily insulin in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients who received basal bolus insulin therapy.Methodology/principal findingsTotally 2480 patients prescribed with pre-meal bolus insulin and bedtime basal insulin were included. The mean daily insulin doses was 38.22 ± 14.92 IU/day, the mean daily insulin doses per weight was 0.58 ± 0.22 IU/kg, the mean bolus insulin dose was 0.44 ± 0.17 IU/kg and the mean basal insulin dose was 0.13 ± 0.08 IU/kg. The mean basal/total daily insulin ratio (BD/TDD) was 0.23 ± 0.08. In most patients (47.94%), the BD/TDD was between 0.20 and 0.30. Diabetic duration, BMI, HbA1c, fasting and postprandial blood glucose level were positively associated with daily insulin dose, while age was negatively associated with daily insulin dose. Diabetic duration, BMI, HbA1c, fasting blood glucose level, and using metformin were positively associated with BD/TDD ratio, while age, postprandial C peptide, postprandial blood glucose level and CRE level were negatively associated with BD/TDD ratio.Conclusions/significanceThe daily insulin doses of intensive treatment in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients was 38.22 IU/day, the mean daily insulin doses per weight was 0.58 IU/kg, mean BD/TDD ratio was 0.23
Comparisons of the efficacy of alpha glucosidase inhibitors on type 2 diabetes patients between Asian and Caucasian.
No full textBackgroundTo compare the efficacy of glycemic control and insulin secretion of alpha glucosidase inhibitors (AGI) on type 2 diabetes patients between Asian and Caucasian.Methodology/principal findingsThe MEDLINE®, EMBASE®, CENTRAL were searched and qualified studies in Asian and Caucasian population comparing AGI treatment with placebo or other oral anti-diabetic drugs in type 2 diabetic patients were included. Totally 58 qualified studies were included. When AGI treatment was compared with placebo, a significant difference in HbA1c decline from baseline favoring AGI treatment was found in Asian (weighted mean difference (WMD), -0.50%; 95% CI, -0.66% to -0.34%) and in Caucasian a significant difference in HbA1c decline favoring AGI treatment was also found (WMD, -0.68%; 95% CI, -0.76% to -0.60%). In Asian, fasting plasma glucose was reduced with AGI treatment compared with placebo (WMD, -0.53 mmol/L; 95% CI, -0.91 to -0.14 mmol/L) and in Caucasian there was also a significant difference in FPG changes favoring AGI therapy (WMD, -0.88 mmol/L; 95% CI, -1.00 to -0.77 mmol/L). Studies in Asian showed a significant difference in fasting insulin changes favoring AGI treatment (WMD, -0.78 uU/ml; 95% CI, -0.96 to -0.59 uU/ml). While in Caucasian fasting insulin was decreased without significance with AGI treatment (WMD-1.24 uU/ml; 95% CI, -2.51 to 0.04 uU/ml). Body weight was decreased with AGI treatment in Asian (WMD, -1.00 kg; 95% CI, -1.69 to -0.31 kg) and was also decreased with AGI treatment in Caucasian (WMD, -0.73 kg; 95% CI, -1.13 to -0.33 kg).Conclusions/significanceAccording to results from this meta-analysis, the efficacy in glucose lowering, body weight reduction and insulin secretion decreasing of AGI treatment in Asian were comparable with those in Caucasian
Plasma NT-proBNP is independently associated with albuminuria in type 2 diabetes
No full textObjective: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between plasma NH2-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels and diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: The records of 983 patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized in the Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Peking University People's Hospital between January 2009 and December 2012 were reviewed. Based on their urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), the subjects were divided into three groups, those with normal, micro- and macro-albuminuria. Clinical manifestations and biochemical parameters, including plasma NT-proBNP concentrations, were compared between the three groups. The association between plasma NT-proBNP levels and stages of diabetic nephropathy was also evaluated by ordinal and stepwise linear regression analyses. Results: The median plasma NT-proBNP concentration in the 983 patients with type 2 diabetes was 60.3 pg/ml, which is within the normal range of healthy subjects. One-way ANOVA analysis showed significant differences in plasma NT-proBNP concentrations among the three groups (p = 0.000). Ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that plasma NT-proBNP concentration was an independent risk factor for advanced diabetic nephropathy (odds ratio = 1.87,95% CI 152-229, p = 0.000). Plasma NT-proBNP concentration was highly correlated with UACR (r = 0.421, p = 0.000) and had an independently positive association with UACR by stepwise linear regression analysis (p = 0.000). Conclusion: Plasma NT-proBNP levels correlated with the degree of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.SCI(E)[email protected]
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