23,837 research outputs found
Shi yao shen shu zhu jie
No full text陳念祖著 ; [陳]道著纂集 ; 林壽萱校訂. 十藥神書註解 / 葛可久編 ; 陳念祖註 ; 林壽萱韻.綫裝.框18.9x13.5公分, 10行26字. 白口, 左右雙邊, 單黑魚尾. 版心上鐫題名, 中鐫卷次及小題, 下鐫葉次.題名背頁牌記刻"光緖二十七年[1901]春月新化三味書局校刊"《中國中醫古籍總目》(01030及07167)著錄.鈐"莊兆祥印", "莊兆祥".Xian zhuang.Kuang 18.9 x 13.5 gong fen, 10 hang 26 zi. Bai kou, zuo you shuang bian, dan hei yu wei. Ban xin shang juan ti ming, zhong juan juan ci ji xiao ti, xia juan ye ci.Detailed notes in vernacular field only.Detailed notes in vernacular field only.Chen Nianzu zhu ; [Chen] Daozhu zuan ji ; Lin Shouxuan jiao ding. Shi yao shen shu zhu jie / Ge Kejiu bian ; Chen Nianzu zhu ; Lin Shouxuan yun.Qian "Zhuang Zhaoxiang yin", "Zhuang Zhaoxiang"
DIETARY CONDITIONS AND DIFFERENTIAL ACCESS TO FOOD RESOURCES AMONG THE VARIOUS CLASSES DURING THE HAN PERIOD
Get PDFIn this thesis, I study how food resources and dietary conditions were determined by social and economic status during the Han period in China, B.C. 206~A.D.220. Even though earlier scholars have published research concerning the Chinese food culture of this period, these studies were limited in that they only illustrated the dietary culture of the upper class or the available food resources in one geographic area. Also, without any persuasive data, it has been assumed by these earlier scholars that there were big differences in food resources and food consumption between the upper and lower classes. In this thesis, for comparison among the classes, I divide the social and economic classes into five stratified groups: nobles, officials, peasants, soldiers and convicts. After a brief introduction of the nature of each social class, I examine the food resources and nutritional condition of each group using information such as the wealth and income of each group, the market price of food resources, the agricultural products of peasants, and the amount of food distribution to soldiers and convicts. I found these data from archaeological remains, received historical records and pictorial data, and excavated texts. This research shows a broader view of Chinese dietary condition focusing not only on the variety of food resources of nobles, but also on the different food accessibilities among the officials, and the food deficiencies of peasants. It also deals with the situations of food supply for soldiers and convicts in an effort to reveal the true dietary consumption and nutritional conditions for all Chinese. This research proves that the various classes during the Han period in China had different food resources and dietary conditions
Amynthas quadriorbis Shen and Chang
No full textAmynthas quadriorbis Shen and Chang, sp. nov. (Figure 2) Type material Holotype. Clitellate (107 mm in length, dissected) collected 17 July 2007 from roadside slope along Waihu Creek (elevation 230 m) near the borders of Douliou and Linnei, Yunlin by C.H. Chang, T.J. Lin and Y.H. Lin (TESRI-O-H- 47) (voucher number: WH 3 P 1). Paratype. One clitellate collected 15 August 2007 from type locality by C.H. Chang, Y.H. Lin and Y.P. Li (TESRI-O-P- 42). Diagnosis Medium earthworm; length (clitellates) 107 – 120 mm. Segments numbering 103 – 129. Setae 60 – 68 in VII, 73 – 76 in XX and 15 – 18 between male pores. Clitellum XIV – XVI. First dorsal pore in 11 / 12. Spermathecal pores invisible or small, three pairs in 6 / 7 – 8 / 9, 0.29 – 0.30 body circumference ventrally apart. Genital papillae absent in preclitellar region. Male pores 0.24 body circumference ventrally apart in XVIII, each on a round porophore surrounded by two to four circular or diamond-shaped shallow skin folds. Two large genital papillae medial to each male porophore: one immediately adjacent to intersegmental furrow of 17 / 18 and the other to 18 / 19. Spermathecae small, three pairs in VII – IX. Seminal vesicles small, two pairs in XI and XII, occupying two-thirds of segmental compartment, each vesicle with a prominent, round or oval dorsal lobe. Prostate glands small in XVII – XVIII. Prostatic duct stout, C-shaped. Accessory glands absent. Description External characters. Total length (clitellates) 107 – 120 mm. Weight 1.19 – 1.54 g. Segments numbering 103 – 129. Clitellum XIV – XVI, setae and dorsal pores absent, length 3.65 – 4.59 mm and width 3.83 – 4.21 mm. Prostomium epilobous. Setae minute, numbering 60 – 68 in VII, 73 – 76 in XX and 15 – 18 between male pores in XVIII. First dorsal pore in 11 / 12. Spermathecal pores invisible or small, three pairs in intersegmental furrows of 6 / 7 – 8 / 9; distance between paired pores 0.29 – 0.30 body circumference ventrally apart. Genital papillae absent in the preclitellar region. Female pore single, mid-ventral in XIV. Male pores paired in XVIII, about 0.24 body circumference ventrally apart, each on a round porophore surrounded by two to four circular or diamond-shaped shallow skin folds. Two large genital papillae medial to each male porophore: one presetal and the other postsetal with the former immediately adjacent to intersegmental furrow of 17 / 18 and the latter to 18 / 19, both confined in segment XVIII, 0.45 – 0.60 mm in diameter with depressed centre (Figure 2 a). Preserved specimens brown on dorsum, brown to greyish brown on clitellum, and greyish on ventrum. Internal characters. Septa 5 / 6 – 7 / 8 thick, 10 / 11 – 13 / 14 muscular, 8 / 9 / 10 absent. Nephridial tufts on anterior faces of 5 / 6 / 7. Gizzard large in VIII – X. Intestine enlarged from XVI. Intestinal caeca paired in XXVII, extending anteriorly to XXII, each long, simple, stout, slightly bent. Oesophageal hearts in XI – XIII. Spermathecae small, three pairs in VII – IX (sexthecate) (Figure 2 b). Each ampulla pearshaped or elongated oval-shaped, 0.56 – 1.03 mm long and 0.40 – 0.70 mm wide, with a slender or stout spermathecal stalk 0.35 – 0.58 mm in length. Diverticulum with an iridescent, oval-shaped seminal chamber of 0.25 – 0.50 mm long and a slender stalk of 0.60 – 0.68 mm in length. Accessory glands absent in the preclitellar region. Holandry: testes small, oval, two pairs in ventrally joined sacs in X and XI. Seminal vesicles small, transversely elongated, two pairs in XI and XII, occupying two-thirds of segmental compartment, each vesicle with a prominent, round or oval dorsal lobe. Prostate glands small in XVII – XVIII, smooth, lobed, flower-like. Prostatic duct stout, C-shaped (Figure 2 c). Accessory glands absent. DNA barcode GenBank accession number KU 232820 (WH 3 P 1, holotype). Etymology The name quadriorbis refers to the four large genital papillae in the male pore region. Remarks Amynthas quadriorbis sp. nov. is only known from its type locality in the foothills at elevations <250 m near Douliou, Yunlin, southwestern Taiwan. According to Tsai et al. (2004), the number of native earthworm species decreased while the number of exotic species increased with decreasing elevation, and this species shift is primarily attributable to habitat replacement due to human disturbance. Nowadays only seven native species, Metaphire formosae (Michaelsen, 1922), Amynthas swanus (Tsai 1964), Amynthas binoculatus Tsai, Shen and Tsai, 1999, Amynthas sexpectatus Tsai, Shen and Tsai, 1999, Amynthas tungpuensis Tsai, Shen and Tsai, 1999, Metaphire bununa Tsai, Tsai and Liaw, 2000 and Amynthas penpuensis Shen, Tsai and Tsai, 2003, were found at elevations below 500 m in centro-western Taiwan with A. swanus being the rarest (Tsai et al. 2004 and unpublished data, H.-P. Shen). The fact that A. quadriorbis has only been found in one location throughout the extensive surveys conducted in the region in the last decade suggests that A. quadriorbis is also rare. With their habitat subjected to intensive agricultural activities, both A. swanus and A. quadriorbis may be considered as an endangered species. Amynthas quadriorbis has three pairs of spermathecal pores in intersegmental furrows of 6 / 7 – 8 / 9, and so belongs to the holandric, sexthecate sieboldi species-group of the genus Amynthas (Sims and Easton 1972). Among the members of the sieboldi -group, the peregrine Amynthas hupeiensis (Michaelsen, 1895) from China and Amynthas obscurus (Goto and Hatai, 1898) from Japan have a genital papilla arrangement in the male pore area similar to A. quadriorbis. However, A. hupeiensis has paired genital papillae in the intersegmental furrows of 17 / 18 and 18 / 19 (Chen 1933; Tsai 1964), much higher setal number than A. quadriorbis with 100 – 121 in VIII and 79 – 88 in XX (Tsai 1964) and very long diverticula (Chen 1933; Tsai 1964). Amynthas obscurus is smaller (80 mm long with 76 segments), has an additional pair of papillae in postsetal XIX, and has much lower setal number with 35 – 38 in the spermathecal segments (Goto and Hatai 1898). The arrangement of genital papillae in the male pore area of A. quadriorbis is also similar to that of Amynthas modiglianii (Rosa 1889) from Nias, Indonesia, Amynthas micronarius (Goto and Hatai, 1898) from Japan, and Amynthas tetrapapillatus Quan and Zhong, 1989 from Hainan Island, China. Amynthas modiglianii is an octothecate earthworm with four pairs of spermathecal pores in intersegmental furrows of 5 / 6 – 8 / 9 and has coiled diverticula (Rosa 1889; Michaelsen 1934). Amynthas micronarius is also octothecate without diverticula or with minute diverticula, and has much lower setal number than A. quadriorbis with 26 – 39 in VII and 33 – 51 in XX (Ohfuchi 1937) and welldeveloped prostate glands (Goto and Hatai 1898; Ohfuchi 1937). As for A. tetrapapillatus, it has paired genital papillae in the intersegmental furrows of 17 / 18 and 18 / 19, a pair of spermathecal pores on the dorsal side of the intersegmental furrow of 5 / 6, and much higher setal number than A. quadriorbis with 93 – 107 in VII and 86 – 102 in XX (Quan and Zhong 1989).Published as part of Shen, Huei-Ping, Chang, Chih-Han & Chih, Wen-Jay, 2016, Four new earthworm species of the genus Amynthas (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) from southwestern Taiwan with re-description of Amynthas tungpuensis Tsai, Shen and Tsai, 1999, pp. 1889-1910 in Journal of Natural History 50 (29 - 30) on pages 3-7, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1180721, http://zenodo.org/record/26905
Study of a reduced and internally biased oxide wafer PZT actuator and its integration with shape memory alloy
No full textLarge displacement piezoelectric actuators of a new kind-RAINBOW (reduced and internally biased oxide wafer) actuators, which are composed of reduced and unreduced layers-were prepared from PZT (Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O-3) by chemical reduction. The distribution of stress inside the RAINBOW structure and its actuating properties were both studied. It is found that the optimal ratio of reduced layer thickness for the RAINBOW structure is 0.3; reduced RAINBOW PZT has a lower resonance frequency and a three-times-larger displacement than traditional PZT; furthermore, the possibility of integration of PZT and SMA (shape memory alloy) was also explored. The PVD (physical vapor deposition) method was applied to deposit SMA coatings on the reduced layers of RAINBOW PZT patches. Results of mechanical and actuating experiments show that this is a reasonable idea for manufacturing actuators with better performance.This work was financially supported by the Chinese
Aeronautics Foundation (04G52042). In addition, the author was also supported by the Brain Korea 21 program in
KAIST
The Research in the Affection of Brand Image and Brand Loyalty which from the Broadcast Chinese Professional Baseball game ?An Example as Han-Shen Broadcasting Station
No full text[[abstract]]The competition of broadcast market has become fierce. Though public broadcasting stations have received support of policy and budget from the government, they are still facing the challenge of growing listenership from newly established broadcasting stations.
The studied institute, Han-Shen Broadcasting Station was established in 1942. It has been assigned the commission of policy publication, education, and public service since then. Therefore, the brand image has been conservative and traditional. Furthermore, in order to collaborate the reengineering of military organization, some potential and young broadcasting professionals left the company. These disadvantages have become latent problems of the company.
In the meanwhile Chinese Baseball League was founded in 1990. Due to the topicality of international baseball tournaments and outstanding performances of the Taiwanese baseball players in the U.S.A., Han-Shen Broadcasting Station has found its new strategies. From 2003 to 2007 Chinese Baseball League and Han-Shen Broadcasting Station have become strategic partners and provided mutual sponsorship to each other. Han-Shen Broadcasting Station exclusively broadcasts live matches on holidays and weekends through FM, AM, and broadband. Its popularity has risen again.
III
The aim of the research is to explore the relationship between Chinese Baseball League and brand image as well as loyalty of the broadcasting companies. The results of the study will provide suggestions to Han-Shen Broadcasting Station for gaining more market share of listenership. This research was based on the brand theories established by academic, and incorporated the empirical experiences of Han Broadcasting Company. The study carried out depth interviews with the employees of Han-Shen Broadcasting Station. A questionnaire was designed and conducted in baseball fields to collect data from baseball participants.
The results of the study show that Han-Shen Broadcasting Station has benefited from the broadcasting programs of Chinese Baseball League and managed to disengage itself from the conservative image. Now Han-Shen Broadcasting Station has reinvigorated with an energetic image. Moreover, its brand image and brand loyalty have been improved
Effect of Chinese herbal formulae (BU-SHEN-YI-QI Granule) treatment on the dynamic expression of thrombin in NVU after ischemia/reperfusion.
No full textIn the present study, we examine whether Bu-Shen-Yi-Qi granule (BSYQG) treatment has a protective impact on the dynamic expression of thrombin in the neurovascular unit of the ischemic brain following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.</p
Figure 1 in Four new earthworm species of the genus Amynthas (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) from southwestern Taiwan with re-description of Amynthas tungpuensis Tsai, Shen and Tsai, 1999
No full textFigure 1. Neighbour-joining tree of representatives of Amynthas mutabilitas, Amynthas tungpuensis and the four new species based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and Kimura's twoparameter model and rooted using Amynthas polyglandularis. Specimens from this study and sequences retrieved from GenBank are shown by their voucher numbers and GenBank accession numbers, respectively. Numbers around nodes are bootstrap values. For A. tungpuensis, numbers of spermathecae are in parentheses.Published as part of Shen, Huei-Ping, Chang, Chih-Han & Chih, Wen-Jay, 2016, Four new earthworm species of the genus Amynthas (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) from southwestern Taiwan with re-description of Amynthas tungpuensis Tsai, Shen and Tsai, 1999, pp. 1889-1910 in Journal of Natural History 50 (29-30) on page 4, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1180721, http://zenodo.org/record/26905
Implied Author, Overall Consideration, and Subtext of "Desiree's Baby"
No full textThis essay explores how to infer from a text the image of the implied author. It examines Kate Chopin's "Desiree's Baby" (1893), which has been widely regarded as an indictment of racism but which an "overall consideration" of the implied author's choices will lead us to see as a racist text. Through the interaction of various details in the text, the implied author suggests three racist dichotomies: (1) white characters' nondiscrimination versus black characters' discrimination, (2) positive slavery under white masters versus negative slavery under a black master, and (3) superior whites versus inferior blacks. This implied racist stance reflects the historical context of Chopin's personal experiences, but it contrasts with the quite different racial stances of the implied authors of some other Chopin narratives with different thematic designs. The complexity of the narratives under the name "Kate Chopin" offers an opportunity not only to gain a better understanding of the concept of implied author but also to clarify the relations (connections as well as disparities) among textual, intertextual, and extratextual evidence in literary interpretation in general.LiteratureA&HCI4ARTICLE2285-3113
Searching for Spirit : Shen and Sacrifice in Warring States and Han Philosophy and Ritual
No full textThis paper examines the notion of shen in the context of early Chinese ritual and religion in practice. In ancient China significant conceptual parallels exist between the ways in which abstract notions such as shen " spirit " are interpreted by a philosophical tradition on the one hand, and their transformation in ritual and religious practice on the other. Following a discussion of attitudes towards the spirit world among the masters of philosophy in Warring States China, we examine sacrificial performance as a multimedia event that offered multiple routes of access to the spirits. Rather than addressing spirits as embodiments of a pre-existing order or pantheon, we argue that in early Chinese religion, sacrificial procedure was conceived of primarily as a progressive search or quest for spirit presence through performance. The latter was aimed at establishing a sensory bond between the ritual participants and spirits addressed.A la recherche des Esprits. La question du sacrifice dans le rituel et la philosophie
à l'époque des Royaumes Combattants et des Han
Cet article situe et analyse la notion de shen dans le contexte rituel et les pratiques religieuses de Chine ancienne. On repère des parallèles entre le développement de cette notion dans le discours philosophique de l'Antiquité et sa transformation dans les pratiques religieuses, sacrificielles au premier chef. Après avoir passé en revue différentes attitudes-types des maîtres philosophes vis-à-vis du monde des Esprits, nous portons notre attention sur les modalités d'exécution du sacrifice, qui font apparaître ce dernier comme une sorte d'événement multimédia offrant une pluralité de voies pour accéder aux Esprits. Force est de constater que l'on ne s'adressait pas aux Esprits, mânes et divinités comme à des entités prédéfinies ordonnées en un panthéon : nous tentons de montrer au contraire que dans la religion chinoise ancienne, les sacrifices étaient conçus tout d'abord comme une quête et une enquête sur les Esprits par le truchement des procédures déployées à cette occasion. De telles procédures se donnaient pour fin d'établir un contact entre les participants de la cérémonie rituelle et les Esprits sollicités, par des voies multiples et toujours senties comme incertaines.Roel SterckxSterckx Roel. Searching for Spirit : Shen and Sacrifice in Warring States and Han Philosophy and Ritual. In: Extrême-Orient, Extrême-Occident, 2007, n°29. De l'esprit aux esprits. Enquête sur la notion de shen. Of self and spirits : exploring shen in China, sous la direction de Romain Graziani et Roel Sterckx. pp. 23-54
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