1,720,976 research outputs found
Associations Between Parental Maltreatment and Online Behavior Among Young Adolescents
No full textDeviant behavior of adolescents in the online world has emerged as a serious social issue in South Korea. Given the urgent need to address new forms of risks related to technological advancement such as the Internet, this study examined the mechanisms of online deviant behavior among adolescents guided by general strain theory. Two waves of the nationally representative Korean Children and Youth Panel Study (N = 2184; M-age = 13.6 years) were used. The study examines whether the association between parental maltreatment (7(th) grade) and online deviant behavior (8(th) grade) is mediated by depression (8(th) grade), and further whether the mediating effect of depression (8(th) grade) on online deviant behavior (8(th) grade) is moderated by mobile phone dependency (8(th) grade). Depression mediated the relationship between parental maltreatment and online deviant behavior in the following year. A significant indirect and negative effect of parental maltreatment on online deviant behavior through depression was observed when levels of mobile phone dependency were low and moderate but not when mobile phone dependency was high. The findings demonstrated that adolescent's depression and mobile phone dependency represent a key mechanism in determining the association between parental maltreatment and online deviant behavior. However, these findings may not be applicable for youth with the highest levels of mobile phone dependency.N
Heterogeneous effects of spanking on child protective services involvement in early childhood: A propensity score stratification analysis
No full textBackground: Extant literature has primarily employed linear models to estimate the average effect of spanking on children. Less is known about child and parent characteristics that may predict differential risks of children's exposure to spanking (i.e., pre-treatment heterogeneity) and the effect of spanking on child outcomes that may differ by the propensity for spanking (i.e., post-treatment heterogeneity). Objective: The present study examines pre- and post-treatment heterogeneity in the association between maternal spanking at child age 3 and subsequent household Child Protective Services (CPS) involvement that were reported by mothers between child ages 3 to 5. Methods: The sample consisted of 2,422 families from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a birth cohort study that oversampled children born to unmarried families. A propensity score stratification analysis procedure examined pre- and post-treatment heterogeneity in the association between spanking and subsequent household CPS involvement. Children were stratified into three strata depending on their propensity for experiencing spanking. Subsequently, the association between spanking and household CPS involvement was examined for each stratum. Results: Disadvantaged socio-economic characteristics, negative psychosocial conditions of the mother, and dysregulated temperament of the child were associated with elevated risk of spanking. The odds of subsequent household CPS involvement increased by 2.4 times (β = 0.869, p <.01) for children in the stratum with the lowest propensity for experiencing spanking. Conclusions: Results emphasize the importance of promoting alternative disciplinary strategies to families who would be considered low-risk before they may come into contact with the child welfare system.N
Different trajectories of citizenship across latent classes of adolescent online risk behavior
No full textUnderstanding the misuse of digital technologies and its devastating effects is a fundamental concern for psychosocial adjustment among adolescents today. The present study examined patterns of online risk behavior among South Korean youth and suggested citizenship-operationalized as sense of community, multicultural acceptability, and volunteering-as a foundation to promote online civic culture. Five years of data from the Korean Child and Youth Panel Survey were used. Latent class growth analysis resulted in three distinct categories of online risk behavior: low-decline (86.6%), moderate-steady (11.1%), and high-convex (2.2%). With the multiple-group growth modeling approach, adolescents in the low-decline and moderate-steady groups showed an overall increase in citizenship over time. The findings may provide implications for prevention practices that reflect developmental differences in patterns of adolescents' online risk behavior. Promoting citizenship as a desirable element of positive development may help adolescents grow into responsible users of technology in the digital age.N
Latent profile analysis of associations among childrens risk profiles, rights, and subjective well-being across 16 countries
No full text© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.Identifying factors that predict higher levels of childrens subjective well-being (SWB) is imperative for practice and policy implications. The current study explored latent subgroups of risks characterized by various dimensions of child well-being and investigated whether the latent risk groups were associated with childrens SWB across 16 nations. The moderating role of subjective child rights as a protective factor in the relationship between latent risk profiles and childrens SWB was also examined. Data of children aged 12 years from the second wave of the International Survey of Childrens Well-Being (N = 19,212) was analyzed. Latent profile analysis was used to identify risk profiles based on childrens different risk experiences, and subsequently, multilevel regression analysis was used to identify whether group membership predicted SWB. Five latent profiles were identified: low, moderate, dual, material, and victimization risk groups. Findings revealed the concurrent nature of risks in childrens lives, as they are often exposed to deficiencies across multiple domains, rather than just one. Multilevel regression analysis results signified that membership in any risk profile is linked with lower SWB of children when compared to the low risk group and highlighted the significant conditioning role of subjective child rights in the relationship between the risk profiles and SWB. Policymakers should be aware of the co-experience of multiple risk factors and devise policies that meet the needs of various groups of children at risk and advocate children as rights holders to further help children with co-occurring risks attain a higher level of SWB.N
Physical punishment, physical abuse, and child behavior problems in South Korea
No full textBackground: Prior literature has demonstrated the associations of parental physical punishment with child behavior problems and increased risk of physical abuse. In South Korea, physical punishment is a common parenting practice. In 2021, legislative reforms eliminated legal grounds for parental physical punishment in South Korea. However, research on physical punishment, physical abuse, and child behavior problems in the Korean context is scarce. Objective: This study examined whether physical punishment and physical abuse have unique associations with child behavior problems and whether physical punishment is associated with increased exposure to physical abuse. Participants and setting: Data came from the 2010 Korean Child and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS), a nationally representative sample of South Korean children who attended 1st grade in 2010. Our analyses were based on three waves of the KCYPS (N = 2,180). Methods: We employed fixed-effects regression to examine the associations of physical punishment and physical abuse with child behavior problems and the association of physical punishment with physical abuse after controlling for time-invariant characteristics. Results: Exposure to physical punishment and physical abuse was associated with higher levels of aggression, depression, and lower levels of academic behavior regulation. Physical punishment was associated with increased risk of physical abuse. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that physical punishment is a risk for child behavior problems and physical abuse in South Korea. Child maltreatment prevention efforts should focus on shifting favorable social norms around physical punishment and promoting non-physical disciplinary practices.N
Unselfish Motivations and Deviance: An Empirical Examination of Social Concern Theory among South Korean Adolescents
No full textThe study tested the mediating role of social concern - or intrinsic unselfish motivations - in the relationship among teacher bonds, deviant peer association, and youth delinquency in Korea, a cultural setting that promotes social concern. Multi-group path analysis with nationally representative data of Korean adolescents (N = 2,089) indicated that teacher bonds predicted lower levels of delinquency, whereas deviant peer association predicted higher levels. Bonding with teachers was significantly related to social concern; however, social concern predicted less deviant behavior for boys only. Prevention policies that improve the quality of teacher-youth relationships may more effectively restrain self-interested behavior than intensified punishment.N
Dynamics of bullies and victims among Korean youth: A propensity score stratification analysis
No full textBully-victims are youth who have bullied others and have been victimized themselves. Motivated by general strain theory and dominance perspectives, the current study investigated the dynamics of transitioning between bully and victim roles using three waves of a nationally representative sample of Korean adolescents (age range of 12-14; N = 1872). Results from propensity score stratification analysis indicated that the effect of victimization on bullying was significant for youth with the lowest propensity for victimization-the "socially dominant" victims who reported more advantaged individual and family characteristics. Effect of bullying on victimization was only significant for the youth with the highest propensity for bullying-the "socially marginalized" youth who were disadvantaged in terms of individual and family characteristics. Findings may contribute toward developing preventive intervention programs and targeting social resources.N
Person-Environment Fit Approach to Trajectories of Cognitive Function Among Older Adults Who Live Alone: Intersection of Life-Course SES Disadvantage and Senior Housing
No full textObjectives: Drawing from life course and environmental perspectives, we examined the trajectory of cognitive function and how senior housing moderates the effects of life-course socioeconomic status (SES) disadvantage among older people living alone over time. Method: Six waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) were used with multilevel growth modeling to analyze developmental patterns of cognitive function over time and how various forms of life-course SES disadvantage affect cognitive function depending on senior housing residency status. Results: At baseline, we found a positive role of senior housing in four subgroups: SES disadvantage in childhood only, unstable mobility pattern (disadvantage in childhood and old age only), downward mobility (no disadvantage in childhood, but in later two life stages), and cumulative disadvantage (all three life stages). Over time, the positive role of senior housing for the unstable and the most vulnerable group persisted. Discussion: Our findings provide a much-needed practical and theoretical underpinning for environmental policy-making efforts regarding vulnerable elders who live alone.N
Latent profiles of offline/cyber bullying experiences among Korean students and its relationship with peer conformity
No full textToday's digital native adolescents are at risk of experiencing bullying not only in traditional offline contexts but also in online social contexts. Yet, little is known about the joint occurrence of offline perpetration and victimization, as well as online perpetration and victimization in early adolescence, despite its potential for providing important implications for areas of intervention. The current study examined 375 adolescents (girls = 52.5%, age range = 10-11 years old) in Korea and identified four unique groups such as high-, online-, offline-, and low-risk groups, using 42 items measuring offline and online perpetration and victimization, through latent profile analysis. Logistic regression showed that antisocial peer conformity predicted membership in the high-(AOR = 2.46, p < .05), offline- (AOR = 3.10, p <.01), and online-risk (AOR = 2.94, p < .001) groups, compared to the low-risk group. As for peer conformity, all groups involving bullying experiences showed more antisocial peer conformity than the low-risk group (F-3,F-371 = 12.973, p < .001). Although all risk groups identified in this study-high-risk, online-risk, offline-risk-experienced both perpetration and victimization, there is a clear paucity of programs concerning the joint occurrence of bullying perpetration and victimization in Korea. Future interventions that consider the joint occurrence of bullying perpetration and victimization in offline and online contexts may be effective for preventing and reducing maladaptive peer interactions among adolescents in today's digital era. Moreover, as antisocial peer conformity was demonstrated in all bully experiences regardless of their domain, bullying prevention programs should also address the social context of youth in terms of peer relationships rather than its current focus on individual factors.N
The moderating role of parental support in the relationship between latent profiles of bullying victimization and sense of school belonging: A cross-national comparison
No full textBullying victimization has a negative relationship with adolescents' sense of school belonging, which is an important contributor to their adaptive development. Based on the ecological systems perspective-which suggests that multiple systems in adolescence including the family and school are interconnected-experiences at home are linked with experiences at school. Thus the current study examined the relationship among bullying victimization, sense of school belonging, and parental support. Self-reported data of students from five Northeast Asian regions (Beijing-Shanghai-Jiangsu-Guangdong China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan) and the United States from the 2015 Programme for International Student Assessment, an international cross-sectional survey, was used. First, latent profile analysis was conducted to identify subgroups of adolescents who differ in their experiences of bullying victimization. Second, multivariate regression analysis was used to examine the association between victimization profiles and sense of school belonging, and to investigate the moderating role of parental support in this relationship. There were more similarities in subgroups of victimization than differences across the six regions. The association between latent risk profiles and sense of school belonging varied across the different regions. The buffering effect of parental support on the relationship between victimization profiles and sense of school belonging was supported only by the data from Taiwanese adolescents. Despite regional similarities and differences, a common finding emerged: membership to any subgroup of victimization lowered adolescents' sense of school belonging, when compared to membership to the very low group. Implications for intervention design for victimized adolescents are discussed.N
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