1,721,173 research outputs found
Hypoglycemia and Dementia Risk in Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Propensity-Score Matched Analysis of a Population-Based Cohort Study (Diabetes Metab J 2020;44:125-33)
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Al - Al3 ( Ti , V , Zr ) 합금내에서 DO22와 DO23상의 격자관계가 분산상의 상변태에 미치는 영향
No full textIn the designing the dispersion-strengthened Al alloy with Al₃M (M=Ti,V,Zr), the behavior of trialuminide second phase was investigated. Al alloys with transition elements Ti, V and Zr added by 2. 4 and 6at% were fabricated by vacuum arc melting and microstructure of those was studied in terms of phase and composition. Transformation of metastable trialuminide structure in the formation of stable second phase was analyzed by adopting simple lattice matching concept that is related with lattice stability. For the confirmation of analysis some sample Al alloys were produced by rapid solidification method. Heat treatments of produced alloys at different times and at different temperatures showed the convincing proof
Apolipoprotein B Levels Predict Future Development of Hypertension Independent of Visceral Adiposity and Insulin Sensitivity
Full text linkBACKGROUND: High plasma apolipoprotein B (apoB) levels have been shown to be associated with hypertension, central obesity, and insulin resistance in cross-sectional research. However, it is unclear whether apoB levels predict future hypertension independent of body composition and insulin sensitivity. Therefore, we prospectively investigated whether plasma apoB concentrations independently predicted the risk of hypertension in a cohort of Japanese Americans. METHODS: A total of 233 normotensive Japanese Americans (77 men, 156 women; mean age, 46.4+/-11.0 years) were followed over 10 years to monitor them for the development of hypertension. Fasting plasma concentrations of apoB, glucose, and insulin were measured at baseline. Insulin sensitivity was estimated using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat areas were measured at baseline using computed tomography. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between apoB concentrations and the odds of incident hypertension. RESULTS: The 10-year cumulative incidence of hypertension was 21.5%. The baseline apoB level was found to be positively associated with the odds of incident hypertension over 10 years after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, abdominal visceral fat area, abdominal subcutaneous fat area, total plasma cholesterol concentration, diabetes status, and HOMA-IR at baseline (odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for a 1-standard deviation increase, 1.89 [1.06 to 3.37]; P=0.030). CONCLUSION: Higher apoB concentrations predicted greater risks of future hypertension independent of abdominal visceral fat area and insulin sensitivity in Japanese Americans
Leptin and Adiponectin Concentrations Independently Predict Future Accumulation of Visceral Fat in Nondiabetic Japanese Americans
No full textOBJECTIVE: Whether leptin and adiponectin are independently associated with regional body fat distribution was investigated in a prospective study of Japanese Americans.
METHODS: Nondiabetic participants 39 to 79 years of age were followed for 5 years to assess change in body composition. Leptin and adiponectin concentrations were evaluated at baseline and by single-slice computed tomography measurements of intra-abdominal fat (IAF), abdominal subcutaneous fat (SCF), and thigh SCF cross-sectional areas at baseline and at 5 years.
RESULTS: Ninety-six men and ninety-five women without diabetes had the following baseline mean (SD) values: age 45.7 (3.5) years and 46.4 (3.9) years, IAF 78.7 (38.6) cm2 and 62.1 (39.0) cm2 , leptin concentration 4.5 (2.3) μg/L and 10.2 (5.2) μg/L, and adiponectin concentration 7.4 (3.2) μg/mL and 10.8 (4.7) μg/mL, respectively. Baseline leptin (β = 1.7722, P = 0.014) and adiponectin concentrations (β = -0.4162, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with IAF change over 5 years in multivariable models adjusting for age, sex, diabetes family history, weight change over 5 years, and baseline measurements of BMI, IAF, abdominal SCF, waist circumference, thigh fat, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance.
CONCLUSIONS: In nondiabetic Japanese Americans, a higher concentration of leptin was associated with greater accumulation of IAF and a higher concentration of adiponectin with lesser accumulation of IAF over 5 years.
Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin add-on to evogliptin plus metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Full text linkAim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin versus placebo as an add-on in patients with type 2 diabetes who did not achieve adequate glycaemic control with evogliptin and metformin combination. Patients and Methods: In this multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 3 trial, patients with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels ≥7.0% (≥53 mmol/mol) and ≤10.5% (≤91 mmol/mol) who had received stable-dose metformin (≥1000 mg) and evogliptin (5 mg) for at least 8 weeks were randomized to receive dapagliflozin 10 mg or placebo once daily for 24 weeks. Participants continued treatment with metformin and evogliptin. The primary endpoint was change in HbA1c level after 24 weeks of treatment from baseline level. Results: In total, 198 patients were randomized, and 195 patients were included in the efficacy analyses (dapagliflozin: 96, placebo: 99). At Week 24, dapagliflozin significantly reduced HbA1c levels. The least squares mean difference in HbA1c level change from baseline after 24 weeks of treatment was −0.70% (−7.7 mmol/mol) (p < 0.0001). The proportion of participants achieving HbA1c <7.0% (≥53 mmol/mol) was higher in the dapagliflozin group than in the placebo group. Compared to placebo, dapagliflozin significantly reduced fasting plasma glucose, mean daily glucose, 2-h postprandial plasma glucose, fasting insulin, uric acid and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance index, body weight, hepatic steatosis index, and albuminuria. Adiponectin level significantly increased from baseline level after 24 weeks of dapagliflozin treatment. Adverse event rates were similar in the two groups. Conclusion: Dapagliflozin add-on to evogliptin plus metformin improved glycaemic control and was well tolerated by the target patients
Production of toxin protein by recombinant Escherichia coli with a thermally inducible expression system
No full textPhysiological studies on the expression of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis (Btt) gene coding for insecticidal protein in recombinant Escherichia coli 537 were carried out to identify optimal culture condition. It was necessary to shift culture temperature from 30 to 42 degrees C to express the gene. Expression of the Btt toxin gene by recombinant E. coli 537 began within one hour after induction. Complex nitrogen sources increased production of the insecticidal protein. The total insecticidal protein was 0.5 g/l when using yeast extract as a complex nitrogen source. Soybean hydrolysate showed apparently the highest induction efficiency. After induction, the cellular content of the insecticidal protein was 5.4 times higher than it had been before induction. The optimal cultivation strategy was found to grow cells for 7 hours at 30 degrees C and then 5-8 hours at 42 degrees C. The optimal cultivation pH for the production of insecticidal protein was 6.5. The Btt toxin produced by the recombinant E. coli 537 was found to have the same level of potency against Colorado potato beetle as the original toxin
Cardiorenal outcomes and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with diabetes secondary to disorders of the exocrine pancreas: a nationwide population-based study
No full textAIMS: Limited data are available on the effectiveness of pharmacological treatments for diabetes secondary to disorders of the exocrine pancreas (DEP). This study evaluated the real-world effectiveness and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in individuals with DEP. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Data on 66,120 individuals with DEP who initiated glucose-lowering drugs (GLDs) between September 2014 and December 2022 were analyzed. Patients initiating SGLT2 inhibitors were matched 1:1 with patients initiating other GLDs using propensity-score matching. The effectiveness outcomes included major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), heart failure, end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), and all-cause mortality. The safety outcomes included hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, genital infections, urinary tract infections, fractures, pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer. RESULTS: After matching, 4,128 SGLT2 inhibitor-other GLD user pairs were included in the analysis, with a mean follow-up of 2.3 years. Compared with use of other GLDs, use of SGLT2 inhibitors was associated with a significantly lower risk of MACE (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51-0.93), hospitalization for heart failure (HR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.51-0.95), ESKD (HR: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.06-0.61), and all-cause mortality (HR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.27-0.53). SGLT2 inhibitor use was associated with a reduced risk of urinary tract infections (HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.78-0.96) and pancreatitis (HR 0.71; 95% CI 0.58-0.87). CONCLUSIONS: SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with a reduced risk of adverse cardiorenal outcomes and all-cause mortality and were safely used in patients with DEP
기계적 합금화 방법으로 제조한 금속간화합물 분산강화 Al 합금의 미세구조와 특성
No full textThe mechanical alloying process has been used to produce intermetallic-dispersion-strengthened Al alloys. While the mixing of elemental powders precedes the milling operation in a conventional mechanical alloying method, the mixing method of pre-fabricated intermetallic powders with AI powders has been suggested in this study. Dispersoid intermetallic powders have been made by pulverizing as-arc-melted tetragonal DO_(22)-, DO_(23)-structured A₃(Ti,V,Zr) and cubic Ll₂-structured Al_(66)Mn_9(Ti,Zr)_(25), monolithic compounds. Intermetallic dispersoids in Al alloys found to be stable after the heat-treatment at 425℃ up to 400 hours and overall, specimens maintained original microstructures with a fine distribution of intermetallic compounds. Due to the fine and stable dispersion, alloys showed high compressive yield stress levels at room and elevated temperatures
상평형 계산을 통한 Al - Al3 ( Ti , V , Zr ) 복합재료의 합금 설계
No full textThe knowledge of microstructures, hence properties can be found from an understanding of phase equilibria. Such an approach has been adopted in the present study to design Al-Al₃(Ti, V, Zr) composite system. Phase stabilities of multicomponent trialuminides are explored first by experiments at various temperatures and then thermodynamically optimized for the purpose of dispersing them in the rather soft aluminium matrix and eventually making composites. Using these obtained thermodynamic parameters, quasi-ternary Ti-V-Zr sections of Al-2at%(Ti, V, Zr) and Al-6at%(Ti, V, Zr) composite systems were calculated at 698K. At 698K, where aluminium alloys are put into service for high temperature use, phase diagrams, overall lattice misfits, volume fractions and coarsening rate constants were calculated. Based on these calculations, optimum alloy compositions which were supposed to maximize the strengthening effects at high temperatures were suggested
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