314 research outputs found
Kalamarksmordet : En analys av medias skildring av Kaj Linna som gärningsperson
No full textSyftet med studien är att undersöka och analysera hur den utpekade gärningspersonen Kaj Linna skildrats i svensk media vid tre skilda tidsperioder; innan domen, efter domen och efter strafftidens slut. Grunden för studien är Nils Christies teoretiska begrepp den ideala gärningsmannen och det ideala offret. I studien konstateras även att Christies begrepp, i grund och botten är genuskonstruerade, varför det dessutom anläggs ett genusteoretiskt perspektiv. Eftersom studien fokuserar på konstruktionen av Kaj Linna över tid grundar sig studiens vetenskapsteoretiska utgångspunkt i konstruktivismen. Materialet har analyserats med hjälp av en narrativ analys i kombination med en strukturell och tematisk analys på så sätt att vi har skapat en kronologiskt, narrativt berättande text och därefter använt en tematisk och strukturell analys för att tolka berättelserna och för få ett djup i analysen. Det innebär att urvalet av material har skett genom att vi varit följsamma och uppmärksamma på de huvudteman och underteman som framkommit inom ramen av studiens teoribildning och tidigare forskning. Resultatet av studien visar att Kaj Linna pendlat från att konstrueras som en förövare på insidan/icke ideal gärningsman till att konstrueras som en förövare på utsidan/ideal gärningsman för att slutligen framställas som ett offer för staten. Trots att Kaj Linna varit densamma under hela händelseförloppet har media, beroende på den rättsliga situationen, framhävt olika sidor och egenskaper hos honom. I vissa sammanhang har han konstruerats som en ond, monstruös, känslokall och avvikande man och i andra sammanhang som en driven, affärsinriktad, positiv och omtänksam familjeman. Det har således varit fråga om en rollblandning där Kaj Linna inledningsvis framställts som gärningsman och slutligen som offer. I liknande resningsmål kan det tänkas bli aktuellt med en omvridning av det kriminologiska begreppet victim-turned-offender till offender-turned-victim. Det får dock inte förglömmas att resning är ett extraordinärt rättsmedel som, i Sverige, används med stor restriktivitet. Resultatet av studien visar emellertid att en rollblandning av gärningsman och offer är möjlig i båda riktningarna, vilket också är ett utvecklingsbart och högst relevant framtida forskningsområde
Kalamarksmordet : En analys av medias skildring av Kaj Linna som gärningsperson
No full textSyftet med studien är att undersöka och analysera hur den utpekade gärningspersonen Kaj Linna skildrats i svensk media vid tre skilda tidsperioder; innan domen, efter domen och efter strafftidens slut. Grunden för studien är Nils Christies teoretiska begrepp den ideala gärningsmannen och det ideala offret. I studien konstateras även att Christies begrepp, i grund och botten är genuskonstruerade, varför det dessutom anläggs ett genusteoretiskt perspektiv. Eftersom studien fokuserar på konstruktionen av Kaj Linna över tid grundar sig studiens vetenskapsteoretiska utgångspunkt i konstruktivismen. Materialet har analyserats med hjälp av en narrativ analys i kombination med en strukturell och tematisk analys på så sätt att vi har skapat en kronologiskt, narrativt berättande text och därefter använt en tematisk och strukturell analys för att tolka berättelserna och för få ett djup i analysen. Det innebär att urvalet av material har skett genom att vi varit följsamma och uppmärksamma på de huvudteman och underteman som framkommit inom ramen av studiens teoribildning och tidigare forskning. Resultatet av studien visar att Kaj Linna pendlat från att konstrueras som en förövare på insidan/icke ideal gärningsman till att konstrueras som en förövare på utsidan/ideal gärningsman för att slutligen framställas som ett offer för staten. Trots att Kaj Linna varit densamma under hela händelseförloppet har media, beroende på den rättsliga situationen, framhävt olika sidor och egenskaper hos honom. I vissa sammanhang har han konstruerats som en ond, monstruös, känslokall och avvikande man och i andra sammanhang som en driven, affärsinriktad, positiv och omtänksam familjeman. Det har således varit fråga om en rollblandning där Kaj Linna inledningsvis framställts som gärningsman och slutligen som offer. I liknande resningsmål kan det tänkas bli aktuellt med en omvridning av det kriminologiska begreppet victim-turned-offender till offender-turned-victim. Det får dock inte förglömmas att resning är ett extraordinärt rättsmedel som, i Sverige, används med stor restriktivitet. Resultatet av studien visar emellertid att en rollblandning av gärningsman och offer är möjlig i båda riktningarna, vilket också är ett utvecklingsbart och högst relevant framtida forskningsområde
The sense of Chengdu: embodied heritage in tastescape
No full textMade available in DSpace on 2016-11-10T18:35:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
YI-THESIS-2016.pdf: 17044346 bytes, checksum: 53895c93742005942186bfb0462fddad (MD5)
LICENSE.txt: 4205 bytes, checksum: 91a1966d0ad21485ce68a7005f9f24c9 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2016-07-22Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 95396
Lift date: 2018-11-10T18:35:44Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system"Chengdu is famous for its Sichuan Cuisine with its unique spicy flavor. From the sources distributed and transported to local restaurants, then prepared, served, and eventually eaten by consumers, food is a significant part of Chengdu's culture. Eating is not only just about the food itself, but also about where to eat, how to eat, when to eat, whom to eat with. Culinary heritage is proposed to be conserved through the concept of ""tastescape"", which is planned as a combination of landscape and culture in which eating becomes a situated event. The design study focuses on the streets in historic neighborhoods in the inner city of Chengdu. The relationship between food, landscape and culture, and tastescape is proposed by combining eating with participating in theaters, local artworks, and cooking."Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2018-08-01The student, Linna Yi, accepted the attached license on 2016-07-21 at 14:46.The student, Linna Yi, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2016-07-21 at 15:13.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2016-07-22 at 09:52.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #10042 on 2016-11-10 at 12:27:36Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 95396
Lift date: 2018-11-10T18:37:47Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 95396
Lift date: 2018-11-10T18:39:22Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 95396
Lift date: 2018-11-10T18:43:22Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 95396 on 2018-11-11T10:15:32Z
The role of corporate social responsibility in design of eco-friendly changes in consumer behaviour through it
No full textMagistritöö
Linna- ja tööstusmaastike korralduse õppekavalOlulise keskkonda saastava probleemina näeb autor tänapäeval ühekordsete toidunõude
massilist tarvitamist toitlustuses. Ühekordne pakend, olenemata materjalist on siiski
ühekordne ressursi kasutus. Sooviga asendada ühekordsete toidukarpide kasutamine
toitlustuses, korduvkasutatavate karpide ringlusega, on kirjutatud ka valminud töö.
Magistritöö eesmärgiks on välja selgitada tarbija valmidust muuta oma
käitumisharjumusi ja ettevõtete poolset valmidust keskkonnasäästlikumate lahenduste
loomisel.
Metoodika valikul ja küsimuste koostamisel lähtus autor vajadusest kaardistada nii
tarbijapoolne nägemus kui ka ettevõtte poolt pakutav lahendus. Sellest tingituna
kombineeris autor kvantitatiivse struktureeritud küsitluse tarbijatele, millele järgnes
poolstruktureeritud süvaintervjuu ettevõttega Topsiring ning lisaks ka struktureeritud eposti teel läbi viidud intervjuu ettevõttega Wolt.
Kokku vastas tarbijale suunatud küsimustikule 306 isikut. Küsimustiku ning intervjuude
tulemustest oli võimalik järeldada tarbija valmidust kasutada alternatiivi kui see on tema
jaoks mugav ja ei tekita talle liialt lisakohustusi. Murekohana võib siiski välja tuua, et
keskkonnasäästlikum lahendus on tihtipeale kallim kui laialt levinud ühekordne pakend.
Teine oluline mõtlemiskoht on inimeste teadlikkus alternatiivist. Ligi 50% vastanuist
eelistavad biolagunevat pakendit. Nagu töö teoreetilises osas märgitud, pole see aga
mitte kõige keskkonnasõbralikum variant. Siinkohal peab autor just oluliseks tarbija
teadlikkuse tõstmist ühekordse ressursi kasutamisel. Toetudes nii teoreetilisele osale
tööst, kui ka läbiviidud uurimusele leiab töö autor, et ühekordsete toidukarpideAuthor sees massive usage of single-use packages as an important problem as it is
polluting environment. Single-use package despite the material, is still single use resource.
Wishing to replace single-use food containers in take-out food industry, has author written
this thesis.
The purpose for these thesis is to figure out the consumer readiness to choose
environmentally friendly alternative and the role of corporate social responsibility in
designing the product.
As choosing the method and questions author proceeded from the need to map the
consumers point of view as well the alternative provided by company. According the
necessary input, author combined the quantitative questionnaire towards consumers and
structured interviews with companies Topsiring and Wolt.
Survey gathered 306 responses. The results from questionnaire and interviews indicates
consumer willingness to choose the better alternative in case if it is convenient and
acceptable. One concern to be noted, is that alternative option may often be more
expensive than widely uses single-use option. Second important note is the overall
knowledge and awareness about environmentally friendly alternatives. About 50% of
consumers prefer biodegradable single use packaging. Like mentioned in the theoretical
part of these thesis, biodegradable option is not the most eco friendly alternative.
Therefore author considered it to be important to raise the consumers awareness in singleuse resource use. Based on the theoretical part of the thesis and the results of the survey,
author sees the possibility to use reusable food containers as circular economy business
model to replace the single-use containers
The effects of corn silk on glycaemic metabolism
No full textBackground: Corn silk contains proteins, vitamins, carbohydrates, Ca, K, Mg and Na salts, fixed and volatile oils, steroids such as sitosterol and stigmasterol, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and flavonoids. Base on folk remedies, corn silk has been used as an oral antidiabetic agent in China for decades. However, the hypoglycemic activity of it has not yet been understood in terms of modern pharmacological concepts. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of corn silk on glycaemic metabolism. Methods: Alloxan and adrenalin induced hyperglycemic mice were used in the study. The effects of corn silk on blood glucose, glycohemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin secretion, damaged pancreatic beta-cells, hepatic glycogen and gluconeogenesis in hyperglycemic mice were studied respectively. Results: After the mice were orally administered with corn silk extract, the blood glucose and the HbA1c were significantly decreased in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice (p 0.05). Although corn silk extract increased the level of hepatic glycogen in the alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice, there was no significant difference between them and that of the control group(p > 0.05). Conclusion: Corn silk extract markedly reduced hyperglycemia in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The action of corn silk extract on glycaemic metabolism is not via increasing glycogen and inhibiting gluconeogenesis but through increasing insulin level as well as recovering the injured beta-cells. The results suggest that corn silk extract may be used as a hypoglycemic food or medicine for hyperglycemic people in terms of this modern pharmacological study.Background: Corn silk contains proteins, vitamins, carbohydrates, Ca, K, Mg and Na salts, fixed and volatile oils, steroids such as sitosterol and stigmasterol, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and flavonoids. Base on folk remedies, corn silk has been used as an oral antidiabetic agent in China for decades. However, the hypoglycemic activity of it has not yet been understood in terms of modern pharmacological concepts. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of corn silk on glycaemic metabolism
Early Preschool-Age Children Speech Development through Plays in Nature
No full textKvalifikācijas darba tēma ir Agrīnā pirmsskolas vecuma bērnu runas pilnveide rotaļās dabā. Darba autors: Linna Maderniece Darba vadītājs: Anita Ieriķe Pētnieciskā darba mērķis ir uzlabot teorijā un praksē bērnu runas pilnveidi, izmantojot pedagoģiskajā procesā rotaļas, sarunas pastaigas laikā dabā. Pētījuma mērķa sasniegšanai ir veikti sekojoši uzdevumi: 1.analizēt teorētisko literatūru kvalifikācijas darba temata jomā, 2.izpētīt bērnu runas attīstības līmeni 1.6 – 3 gadu vecumā, 3.pilnveidot bērnu runu agrīnā vecumposmā ar rotaļnodarbībām dabā, 4.analizēt un apstrādāt iegūtos rezultātus, 5.veikt secinājumus. Kvalifikācijas darbs sastāv no divām daļām, teorētiskās un praktiskās (empīriskās) daļas. Teorētiskajā daļā tika aplūkoti vairāku autoru skaidrojumi par valodas un runas funkcijām un nozīmi bērnu attīstībā. Tika aplūkoti arī vairāku autoru skaidrojumi par rotaļas un dabas nozīmi bērna attīstībā, vai rotaļas dabā var pilnveidot un attīstīt bērna runu. Empīriskajā daļā tika veikts pētījums, kurā piedalījās agrīnā pirmsskolas vecuma bērni. Tika veikta pētāmās grupas analīze un pētījuma metodoloģijas izstrāde. Tad tika apkopoti pētījuma sākotnēji iegūtie rezultāti un veikta analīze, kā rezultātā tika noskaidrots, cik efektīvi ir iespējams attīstīt bērna valodu un pilnveidot runu, rotaļās ejot ikdienas pastaigā dabā. Praktiskās daļas beigās tika apkopoti un analizēti pētījuma rezultāti. Atslēgas vārdi: runa, runas pilnveide, valodas attīstība, agrīnā pirmsskolas vecuma bērni, rotaļa, daba. Kvalifikācijas darba apjoms ir 44 lpp, tas satur 5 attēlus, 10 tabulas, tika izmantoti 43 literatūras avoti.The theme of the qualification paper is Early Preschool-Age Children Speech Development through Plays in Nature. Author: Linna Maderniece Supervisor: Anita Ierike The research aims to improve children’s speech in theory and practice through play, conversation in the pedagogical process in nature. The following tasks have been accomplished to achieve the aim of the research: 1. to analyze theoretical literature in the field of qualification paper, 2. to study the level of speech development of children aged 1.6 - 3 years, 3. to improve children’s speech at an early age with outdoor play activities, 4. to analyze and process the obtained results, 5. to draw conclusions. The qualification work consists of two parts, theoretical and practical (empirical) parts. In the theoretical part, the author explained the functions of language and speech and their significance in the development of children. The explanations of several authors on the role of play and nature in the development of the child were also considered, whether the play can improve and develop the child’s speech while playing in nature. In the empirical part, a study was conducted with early preschoolers. The study group was analyzed, and the research methodology was developed. This was followed by a summary of the initial findings of the study and an analysis of how effective it is to develop a child’s language and improve speech through play in the walks and the outdoors. At the end of the practical part, the results of the research were summarized and analyzed. Keywords: speech, speech development, language development, early preschool-age children, play, nature. The volume of the qualification paper is 44 pages, it contains 5 pictures, 10 tables, 43 sources of reference were used
The biosynthesis and discovery of lanthipeptides
No full textNatural products and their derivatives have been significant resources for the development of therapeutic compounds. They attracted interests from both academia and industry because of their high structural diversity and potential applications. Lanthipeptides are one class of natural products that have provided antibiotics to the food industry and drug candidates for treating human diseases. Lanthipeptides are polypeptides enzymatically decorated with lanthionine rings and sometimes other post-translational modifications, which dramatically elevate their protease-resistances, improved their chemical stabilities, and increased their structural complexity. To add onto the structure knowledge and biosynthetic toolkits for lanthipeptides, I investigated the biosynthesis and discovery of lanthipeptides during my Ph.D training. Duramycin/cinnamycin-type of lanthipeptides interact tightly with phosphatidylethanolamine and several of their members displayed high potential to be drug candidates. Duramycin contains an activity-essential lysinoalanine ring which is installed by a previously unknown hypothetical protein, DurN. In Chapter 2, I described the mechanism of action studies on DurN. I reconstituted the in vitro activity of DurN. Together with Dr. Cogan, we obtained the co-crystal structures of DurN with its product or substrate analog. We demonstrated that DurN catalyzes the lysinoalanine formation through a unique substrate-assisted catalysis mechanism. Enlightened by the biosynthesis of lanthipeptide, I further designed and initiated a proof-of-concept lanthipeptide discovery project based on the predictions for the potential mode of action of natural products, which is described in Chapter 3. I hypothesized that if the gene encoding a small molecule-processing enzyme locates in the biosynthetic gene cluster of a natural product on the bacterial genome, this processing enzyme may function as the immunity protein to prevent producer viability loss during the production of the natural products, and the natural product may target the small molecule. Following this hypothesis, I identified multiple lanthipeptide biosynthesis gene cluster candidates, and selected kib cluster from Kibdelsporangium phytohabitant KLBMP 1111T for verification. The lanthipeptide was produced in heterologous expression system and displayed an interlocking ring topology with a succinimide moiety as potential warhead. The activity assays of this new lanthipeptide will be carried out in the future studies. To further understand the modes of action for lanthipeptides, in Chapter 4, I investigated the mode of action of lipid II-targeting lanthipeptides. The binding event between nisin–lipid II and Halα–lipid II were characterized using isothermal titration calorimetry. Collectively, these studies further expanded our knowledge on lanthipeptides biosynthesis and discovery.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2021-12-01The student, Linna An, accepted the attached license on 2019-11-25 at 20:07.The student, Linna An, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2019-11-25 at 21:50.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2019-11-26 at 15:32.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #14619 on 2020-02-28 at 17:22:48Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-02T22:15:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5
AN-DISSERTATION-2019.pdf: 12866965 bytes, checksum: 230452a8ea15257c95f769de8e1e15d4 (MD5)
Chapt_intro_lipid II biosynthesis_Rightslink? by Copyright Clearance Center_1.pdf: 57433 bytes, checksum: 26909f1cef9373f98899fd9e914c08a2 (MD5)
DurN_reprint.pdf: 151098 bytes, checksum: 9243d547660f9334af8d6c51fae137fb (MD5)
LICENSE.txt: 4205 bytes, checksum: a8410a523539dcc90d03d7eb85d3faa2 (MD5)
PROQUEST_LICENSE.txt: 4551 bytes, checksum: 2625056e679d24314b961ae7e5ab2757 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2019-11-26Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 113898
Lift date: 2022-03-02T22:15:21Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 113898
Lift date: 2022-03-02T22:18:25Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 113898 on 2022-03-03T10:15:25Z
Comparison of Hypoglycemic Activity of Trace Elements Absorbed in Fermented Mushroom of Coprinus comatus
No full textThe effect of fermented mushroom of Coprinus comatus rich in trace elements, including vanadium, chromium, zinc, magnesium, copper, iron, and nickel, on glycemic metabolism was studied in this paper. Alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice were used in the study. The blood glucose, glycohemoglobin, and glycogen synthesis of the mice were analyzed, respectively. At the same time, the gluconeogenesis of the normal mice was also determined. After the mice were administered (ig) with C. comatus rich in vanadium (CCRV), the blood glucose and the glycohemoglobin of alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice decreased (p < 0.05, p < 0.01), glycogen synthesis of alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice elevated (p < 0.01), the gluconeogenesis of the normal mice was inhibited (p < 0.01), and the sugar tolerance of the normal mice was improved. However, the same result did not occur in other groups. Vanadium at lower doses in combination with C. comatus induced significant effect on glycemic metabolism in mice.The effect of fermented mushroom of Coprinus comatus rich in trace elements, including vanadium, chromium, zinc, magnesium, copper, iron, and nickel, on glycemic metabolism was studied in this paper. Alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice were used in the study. The blood glucose, glycohemoglobin, and glycogen synthesis of the mice were analyzed, respectively. At the same time, the gluconeogenesis of the normal mice was also determined. After the mice were administered (ig) with C. comatus rich in vanadium (CCRV), the blood glucose and the glycohemoglobin of alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice decreased (p < 0.05, p < 0.01), glycogen synthesis of alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice elevated (p < 0.01), the gluconeogenesis of the normal mice was inhibited (p < 0.01), and the sugar tolerance of the normal mice was improved. However, the same result did not occur in other groups. Vanadium at lower doses in combination with C. comatus induced significant effect on glycemic metabolism in mice
Alleede süsteemi potentsiaal Vietnami linnade aianduse arendamisele Ho Chi Minhi linna näite
No full textMaster’s thesis
Curriculum in Landscape ArchitectureThe world has to face serious globalization, rapid urbanization, population growth, energy
expenditures, food insecurity, and global climate change processes. Besides, Vietnam and especially
Ho Chi Minh city, is facing these global impacts. At the same time, it also faces internal issues such
as lack of open and accessible public spaces, greenery, healthy food, and community spirit and identity
loss. The study aims to find the potential for urban food growing by restoring and establishing a new
green and community spaces in the alley system of Ho Chi Minh city. The data and the methodology
will be divided into three sections What, Why, and How with six steps. Each step will use some
suitable methods to manage, examine data, and get the results. Because of the differences in steps,
several suitable methodologies would be introduced into each step. The study provides new insight
into the relationship between urban agriculture and "cultural landscape." The author could say that
urban agriculture or community garden is a good example of a "cultural landscape," or it is a "cultural
landscape." Besides, it could be confirmed that food and urban agriculture or community garden on a
small scale do not solve many global issues. To solve a global issue as food shortages or insecurity on
a large scale, urban agriculture itself cannot help to deal with; it needs to connect with rural food
growing and many different sectors. Food is not the main issue that needs to be solved in this study.
However, it is critical not only to create community spaces but also to bring back the places' spirits,
values, and identities.Maailm peab silmitsi seisma tõsise globaliseerumise, kiire linnastumise, rahvastiku kasvu,
energiakulu, toidupuuduse ja globaalsete kliimamuutuste protsessidega. Vietnam ja eriti Ho Chi
Minhi linn seisab nende globaalsete mõjude ees. Samal ajal ollakse vastamisi siseprobleemidega,
milleks on: avatud ja ligipääsetavate avalike ruumide puudumine, rohelus, tervislik toit ning
kogukonna vaimu ja identiteedikadu. Uuringu eesmärk on leida võimalused linnas toidu
kasvatamiseks, läbi uute rohe- ja kogukonnaruumide rajamise alleede süsteemis Ho Chi Minhi
linnas. Uuringu eesmärk on leida linnatoidu kasvatamise potentsiaal, taastades ning rajades uusi
roheruume ja kogukondlike ruume Ho Chi Mingi alleede süsteemides. Uuringu andmestik ja
metoodika jagatakse kolme jaotisse: Mis, Miks ja Kuidas kuue etapiga. Iga etapp kasutab andmete
haldamiseks, uurimiseks ja tulemuste saamiseks selleks vajalikku meetodit. Uuring annab uue
ülevaate linna agrikultuuri ja „kultuurmaastiku” vahelisest suhtest. Autor toob välja, et linna
agrikultuur või kogukondlik aed kuulub "kultuurmaastikku" või on selle hea näide. Võib kinnitada,
et toidu ja linna agrikultuur või kogukondlik aed väikeses ulatuses ei lahenda paljusid globaalseid
küsimusi. Selleks, et lahendada globaalseid probleeme, mis tulenevad toidu puudusest või
erinevatest teistest ebakindlustest suuremas mastaabis, ei saa linna agrikultuur seda üksi käsitleda,
vaid peab olema ühendatud maapiirkondade toidukasvatusega ning paljude teiste erinevate
sektoritega. Toit ei ole peamine probleem, mis tuleb selles uuringus lahendada. Siiski on oluline
mitte ainult luua ühiskondlikke ruume, vaid ka taastada kohtade hingelisus, väärtused ja identiteet
Linna ühisaedade mitmekihiline identiteet. Võrdlev uuring Eesti, Poola, Taani ja Suurbritannia kontekstis
No full textGlobalisation tends to increase the sense of a fluid and fragmented self, leads to
placelessness and urban alienation. And there are few spaces within an urban
environment that have potential for personalisation. The simplicity of urban allotment
gardens (UAGs) allows it to adapt within any cultural and historical context and
reflect the local identity. They exist beyond standardisation and legal constraints
thus facilitating and enhancing personal and communal identity.
The aim of this dissertation is to explore the distinctive and common features of
UAG identity across different European cultures, to find out the qualities that make
these places valuable and meaningful, that ensure continuation of this practice, its
transformation and adaptation to people’s needs. This is achieved by researching
the functions that users of allotment consider important and the meaning that they
attach.
The following research questions will help to understand how the process of
identification within UAGs is established by their users.
● What are the activities that the environment of UAG support in public and
private space?
● What is the meaning that tenants attach to UAG?
● What are the emotions that users associate with UAG?
● What are the commonalities and distinctiveness of UAG identity within
different cultural and historical context?
● What are the tendencies of allotments practice in researched countries?
The main research questions are based on the theories related to natural human
needs and concept of place identity.
The qualitative approach to this study is deemed important to ensure the
participant's personal perspective to the UAG experience. The data is collected by
the author of this dissertation through onsite observations and questionnaires in four
European countries Estonia, Poland, Denmark and the UK. These countries are
chosen to represent allotments that have been established within different economic
and social systems.
This approach allows to research the UAG identity on two levels.
Firstly, what are the general qualities of allotments taking into account different
cultural, historical and geographical contexts and, secondly what are the distinctive
characteristics.
The results of the interviews are examined using thematic analysis. The emerging
themes are organised in two interrelated categories that present the place identity as
result of performed activities (space related qualities) and emotional bonding (place
related qualities). Also the themes are organised in two comparative tables to
analyse the variations in preferred activities and attached meaning to UAGs by their
users in relation to different countries.
In discussion, there was designed a diagram based on theories of natural human
needs that explain the motives behind the UAGs practice and as result emotional
attachment to place. The diagram presents space related themes as physiological
needs (like “physical activity”, “food production”, “seasonal home”, “being outdoor”)
that create a base for fulfillment of meta needs (like “selffulfillment”, "my place",
"memory").
The findings indicate that the cultural context and historical development affect the
functional value of allotments whereas on an emotional level there is more
agreement that attachmentto is related to restorative potential of UAGs. Also the
strong variation in space related qualities shows that allotment gardens are not
considered today important only for satisfaction of basic human needs, but rather
they are appreciated for meta needs and restorative potential to their users.
As research shows allotments are very adaptable and can support a range of
human needs and represent their values within different cultural context.
According to the results the following description presents the main characteristics of
allotments in the researched countries:
Identity of allotment in the UK: allotment is seen as a valuable place for contribution
to the local community and sustainable living by producing own food.
Identity of allotment in Denmark: allotment is seen as a valuable green space for
recreation and socialising for everyone.
Identity of allotment in Poland: allotments as a place for active retirement.
Identity of allotment in Estonia: allotments as a way for production of healthy food.
Allotments in Estonia are critically seen as a relict of Soviet past whereas plot
holders themselves see them as a way to reconnect to a traditional and a more rural
way of life. In Estonia they have the potential to become aesthetically attractive and
valuable recreational places for everyone as it has been described in examples from
Denmark and England UAGs, and become a part of the local identity. There might
be a way to design an experimental site with a potential to develop and assess
different qualities of place identity that were described. These will help to understand
what potential an allotment has within the Estonian context.
Further studies can also explore the relation of function and meaning of allotments in
relation to physical setting of it.
It is worth mentioning that this scientific research is also a result of participation of
Estonian University of Life Sciences in COST Action TU1201.Globaliseerumine suurendab inimestes killustumise tunnet, mis viib kohtade
isikupära kadumiseni ja võõrandumiseni. Linnamaastikul on vähe kohti, millel on
potensiaali isikupäraseks muutumisel. Linna ühisaedade lihtsus aitab neil kohaneda
kõigi kultuuriliste ja ajalooliste kontekstidega ja peegeldavad kohalikku identiteeti.
Nad eksisteerivad hoolimata standardiseerimisele ja õiguslikele piirangutele, et
soodustada ja suurendada üksikisiku ja kogukonna identiteeti.
Töö eesmärgiks on välja selgitada linna aianduskruntide erinevusi ja sarnasusi
erinevate kultuuride näitel. Leida omadusi, mis teevad selle koha väärtuslikuks ja
tähenduslikuks, tagavad selle jätkusuutlikkuse, muutumise ja kohanemise inimeste
vajadustega. See on saavutatud tänu funktsioonide uurimisele, mida linna
ühisaedade kasutajad peavad oluliseks ja see tähendus, mida nad nendele aladele
omastavad. Järgnevad uurimisküsimused aitavad mõista kuidas on loodud linna
ühisaedade identifitseerimine.
∙ Mis on need tegevused, mida linna ühisaiad toetavad avalikus ja privaatses ruumis?
∙ Mis on see tähendus, mida linna ühisaedadele omastatakse?
∙ Millised on need emotsioonid, mida kasutajad seostavad linna ühisaedadega?
∙ Millised on ühised ja erinevad jooned linna ühisaedade identiteedis erinevas
kultuurilises ja ajaloolises kontekstis?
∙ Millised on tendentsid linna aianduskruntide pidamisel uuritavates riikides?
Põhilised uurimisküsimused põhinevad loomulike inimvajaduste ja koha identiteedi
kontseptsiooni teooriatel.
Kvalitatiivset lähenemist sellele uurimusele peetakse oluliseks, et tagada osalejate
personaalne vaade linnaaiandusele. Andmed kogutakse magistritöö tegija poolt
alade kohapealsel vaatlusel ja küsitlustega neljas Euroopa riigis – Eestis, Poolas,
Taanis ja Inglismaal. Need riigid olid valitud olemasolevate ühisaedade põhjal, mis
olid loodud erineva majanduse ja sotsiaalsüsteemi ajal.
Selline lähenemine võimaldab linna aianduskrunte uurida kahel tasandil.
Esiteks, millised on üldised aianduskruntide omadused arvestades kultuuri, ajalooja
geograafilist konteksti, teiseks, millised on erilised äratuntavad tunnused.
Küsitluste tulemused on kontrollitud temaatiliste analüüside abil. Esile kerkivad
teemad jagatakse kahte omavahel seotud kategooriatesse, mis esitlevad koha
identiteeti kui tehtud tegevuste tulemust (ruumiga seotud omadused) ja
emotsionaalset sidet (kohaga seotud omadused). Teemad on jagatud ka kahte
võrdlevasse tabelisse, et analüüsida eelistatud tegevuste variatsioone ja
linnaaedadele antud tähendust nende kasutajate poolt võrreldes erinevaid riike.
Arutluses on kujundatud diagramm loomulike inimvajaduste teooriate põhjal, mis
selgitavad linna ühisaedade loomise motiive ja selle tulemusena emotsionaalset
seotust selle kohaga. Diagramm näitab ruumiga seotud teemasid kui psühholoogilisi
vajadusi (nagu „füüsiline aktiivsus“, „toidu tootmine“, „hooajaline kodu“, „õues
olemine“), mis loovad põhja lisavajaduste täitmisele (nagu „eneseteostus“, „minu
koht“, „mälu“). Tulemused näitasid, et kultuurikontekst ja ajalooline areng mõjutavad
linna aianduskruntide funktionaalset väärtust, kuusjuures emotsionaalsel tasandil
ollakse rohkem nõus, et kiindumus aianduskruntidesse on seotud nende taastava
potensiaaliga. Tugevad erinevused ruumiga seotud omadustes näitavad, et
ühisaedu ei peeta tänapäeval oluliseks ainult põhiliste inimvajaduste rahuldamiseks,
vaid pigem hinnatud lisavajaduste ja taastava potensiaali tõttu nende kasutajatele.
Uurimistöö näitab, et ühisaiad on väga kohanemisvõimelised ja toetavad inimese
mitmesuguseid vajadusi ning esindavad nende väärtusi erinevates kultuurilistes
kontekstides.
Põhinedes tulemustele järgnevad kirjeldused esitlevad aianduskruntide peamisi
omadusti uuritavates riikides:
Ühisaia identiteet Suurbritannias: ühisaeda nähakse kui väärtuslikku kohta kohalikku
kogukonda panustamisel ja jätkusuutlikumaks muutmisel ise oma toitu tootmisega.
Ühisaia identiteet Taanis: ühisaeda nähakse kui väärtuslikku rohelist ala
rekreatsiooniks ja sotsialiseerumiseks kõigile.
Ühisaia identiteet Poolas: ühisaed kui koht aktiivseks vananemiseks.
Ühisaia identiteet Eestis: ühisaed kui viis toota tervislikku toitu.
Aianduskrunte nähakse Eestis kui nõukogude aja jäänuseid, kuigi krundi omanikud
ise näevad seda kui viisi taastada ühendus traditsionaalse ja maaga seotud
eluviisiga. Eestis on neil potensiaali muutuda esteetiliselt atraktiivseks ja
väärtuslikuks rekreatsiooni alaks kõigile inimestele nagu seda on kirjeldatud Taani ja
Suurbritannia näidetes ning muutuda osaks kohalikust identiteedist. On võimalik
kujundada näidisala, millel on potensiaali areneda ja hinnata erinevaid koha
identiteedi omadusi, mida kirjeldati eelnevalt. Need aitavad mõista millist potensiaali
aianduskrundid omavad Eesti kontekstis.
Tulevased uuringud võivad uurida funktsiooni ja aianduskruntide tähenduse seost
füüsilise tausta suhes.
Tasub mainida, et see teaduslik uuring on Eesti Maaülikooli COST Action TU1201
programmis osalemise tulemus
- …
