1,721,000 research outputs found
Power in Dentistry: A Foucauldian Shift in South Korea
No full textThe established method of understanding power in dentistry is based on the early Foucauldian discourse that dentistry enforces oral health discipline to the people on behalf of state power. This exhibits the hierarchy between dentists and patients, which clearly appears in clinical dentistry and effectively explains the responsibility of oral care assigned to patients. However, there presents no way to becoming free from the framework in the discourse as a resistance. Beyond the political aspect of the medico-sociological framework, this paper seeks a different way to understand power in dentistry through ???care of the self???, a late Foucauldian concept. First, based on the current discussion of the dentist-patient relationship (DPR), the paper examines two trends of clinical dental treatments in South Korea. The high prevalence of dental implant and orthognathic surgery indicates that traditional prejudices including ableism and pursuit of Western beauty still remain in South Korea albeit with the society overcoming paternalism in DPRs. These dental phenomena, however, contain excesses that cannot be explained only by traditional prejudice, and this paper attempts to interpret them as the pursuit of care of the self that appears in the dentist???s professionalism and the patient???s self-determination. In dentistry, care of the self can be introduced in the form of empowerment, which is implemented through the improvement of oral health literacy and shared decision-making. This paper argues that this interpretation helps surmount the traditional dyadic model of the DPR and revise the understanding of power in dentistry.N
Effect of globalization on global dental caries trend
No full textRisk factors such as smoking and sugar intake threaten the health of human being at an individual national level as well as at a global level. The globalization affect health indirectly through macro and micro-level factors. This study aimed to identify the global trend of dental caries according to countries national income level, and to examine the role of globalization, health services, obesity, and sugar consumption on dental caries. Data for 160 countries were collected for the time period of the 1990s to 2010s. The final sample included 46 countries with complete data (21 high income countries (HIC) and 25 middle and low income countries (MLIC)). The main dependent variable was the mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index of 12-year-olds as an indicator of dental caries. Globalization was a main independent variable which was measured by economic growth, urbanization and economic freedom. Other independent variables were health services, obesity and sugar consumption. The data were analyzed first using repeated measures analysis of variance to compare dental caries trends in HIC and MLIC. Then, using multiple linear regression and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), the relationships between globalization, health services, obesity, sugar consumption, and dental caries were examined. The results of PLS-SEM revealed that globalization was associated with lower DMFT in HIC. The global dental caries trend had a declined pattern, but this pattern has been attenuated in MLIC after the new millennium. There is a need for policy change and regulations on sugar trade especially in MLIC to diminish the adverse consequences of globalization, and to improve population dental health.Y
Does reduced chewing ability efficiency influence cognitive function? Results of a 10-year national cohort study
No full textA growing body of literature suggests that oral health can influence cognitive function during aging. However, it is currently unclear whether reduced masticatory efficiency influences cognitive impairment in longitudinal studies. This study sought to investigate the effects of reduced chewing ability on the incidence of cognitive impairment using national representative data from 10 years of follow-up in Korea. Among the 10,254 people recruited in 2006 (1st wave), 7568 with normal cognitive function were selected. The participants were followed up every 2 years. The number of participants followed up until the 6th wave was 5020 in 2016. Chewing ability and scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination were recorded using self-reported questionnaires. Risk factors for dementia taken from systematic literature reviews were used as covariates. We performed logistic regression and created general estimating equation models after controlling for all covariates to assess the relationship between chewing ability and cognitive decline. Decreased chewing function was associated with mild cognitive impairment after controlling for confounding variables. The odds ratio for cognitive impairment was about 1.28 times higher than in people with poor chewing function as in those with good chewing function. We identified changes in chewing function from the 1st wave to the 6th wave; the odds ratios were 2.21 (95% confidence interval = 1.90–2.58) in the good-poor group and 2.11 (95% confidence interval = 1.74–2.55) in the poor-poor group. We identified an impairment in cognitive function in the poor (poor-poor and good-poor) chewing ability group. Therefore, we have confirmed that reduced mastication efficiency may contribute to a deterioration in cognitive function. People with deteriorated chewing ability must be given additional attention to aid in the prevention of cognitive decline
Lifecourse socioeconomic position indicators and tooth loss in Korean adults
No full textAim: The aim of this study was to assess the association between lifecourse socioeconomic position (SEP) indicators and tooth loss in a large representative sample of the Korean adult population. Methods: Data from the Fourth and Fifth Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey on 17,549 Korean adults aged 50 years or older were analyzed. The study design was cross-sectional. Tooth loss was defined as either edentulism (0 teeth) or severe tooth loss (< 20 teeth). Parental education, own education, and income were used as indicators of early childhood SEP, adolescent SEP, and adulthood SEP, respectively. The association between the lifecourse SEPs and tooth loss was estimated with three different lifecourse models: the independent impact model for three different lifecourse SEPs, the cumulative impact model using the sum of the three SEP scores, and the social mobility model using the pathway information of the three SEPs. The covariates were demographic factors and health behaviors. The prevalence ratios (PRs), slope index of inequality (SII), and relative index of inequality (RII) for tooth loss were estimated with log-binomial regression analyses. Results: In the independent impact model, significant associations of each SEP with edentulism (SII= 3.61%, 4.76%, 2.17% and RII= 1.67, 1.52, 1.41 for parental education, own education, and income, respectively) and severe tooth loss (SII= 8.03%, 17.73%, 12.73% and RII= 1.26, 1.72, 1.42 for parental education, own education, and income, respectively) were found after adjusting for all covariates. For the cumulative impact model, stepwise patterns of PRs according to the summed SEP scores were found. In addition, in the social mobility model, the PR of tooth loss was greatest in the persistently low SEP group over the life course (PR= 2.10 for edentulism and 2.33 for severe tooth loss). The other mobile groups in lifecourse SEPs also presented higher PRs of tooth loss than the persistently high SEP group. Conclusion: Parental education was independently associated with edentulism in later life, and own education showed the strongest associations with tooth loss. The cumulative and social mobility models for the social impacts of life course on oral health should be considered in oral epidemiological studies.N
The association between mastication and mild cognitive impairment in Korean adults
No full textCurrently, a few of studies revealed that there is an association between mastication and cognitive impairment. There is no study of Korean adult representative samples in relation to mastication and cognitive decline. This study was to investigate the relationship between mastication and mild cognitive impairment in Korean adults. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in which a total of 7029 subjects (2987 men and 4042 women) over 45 years old were surveyed from the Korea Longitudinal Study on Aging (KLoSA), Round 5th survey. Logistic regression analysis was performed for the study data controlling for confounding factors such as age, gender, education, income, smoking, drinking, exercise, wearing denture, and the number of chronic diseases. Decreased chewing function is associated with mild cognitive impairment (odds ratio [OR] = 3.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.67-3.93) after controlling for confounding variables. In the participants who did not wear dentures, the reduction of chewing function was strongly correlated with mild cognitive impairment (OR = 3.97, 95% CI = 3.11-5.08). Mastication was associated with mild cognitive impairment. To prevent cognitive decline, health specialists should pay more attention to the decline of the mastication in people without dentures.Y
Association of parental education with tooth loss among Korean Elders
No full textObjectiveThere are few reports showing an association between childhood socioeconomic circumstances and tooth loss among the elderly. The purpose of this study was (i) to examine the association between early childhood socioeconomic position (parental education level) and tooth loss and (ii) to determine the relative effects of the subjects' education level, occupation, and income on tooth loss in Korean elders. Material and methodsData from the fourth and fifth Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey on 8814 Korean elders (age 65years) were analyzed. Demographic factors (age, survey year, marital status, and residence area), health behaviors (dental check-up during the past year and cigarette smoking), and the presence of a somatic health problem (diabetes) were included in our gender-specific analyses. Tooth loss was defined as edentulism or severe tooth loss (<20 teeth). For our analyses, chi-square test and Student's t-tests and multiple logistic regressions were performed. ResultsA low parental education level was associated with elevated odds of edentulism (OR=1.87 for father's education and 1.52 for mother's education among male elders and OR=1.73 for father's education and 1.55 for mother's education among female elders) and with severe tooth loss (OR=1.58 for father's education and 1.53 for mother's education among male elders and OR=1.25 for father's education and 1.48 for mother's education among female elders). The association between parental education level and tooth loss was attenuated after adjusting for the subject's education level, occupation, and income. Relative magnitude of attenuation varied with personal factors (education>income>occupation). In a fully adjusted model, father's education level was significantly associated with edentate status (OR=1.96 for male elders and 1.46 for female elders), but not with severe tooth loss. ConclusionOur results indicate that early life socioeconomic circumstances measured by the father's education level were independently associated with the edentate status of Korean elders.N
Association between adult height and tooth loss in a representative sample of Koreans
No full textObjectivesEvidence suggests that taller individuals have better health than that of shorter individuals. However, evidence for links to tooth loss is scarce. The aim of this study was to examine the association between adult height and tooth loss and to examine the roles of covariates in explaining the association in different birth cohorts in Korea. MethodsUsing data from the Fourth and Fifth Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES IV and V), the subjects were grouped into two birth cohorts based on their historical context: born from 1920 to 1945 and 1946 to 1962. The dependent variables were loss of 8 or more teeth and total tooth loss (edentulism), while the independent variable was the height quartile. Demographic factors (survey year, age, and gender), early childhood/adult socioeconomic status (SES) (father's education, own education, income, and place of residence), health behaviors (cigarette smoking, binge drinking, frequency of toothbrushing, and regular dental visit), and health problems (diabetes and hypertension) were included in a series of analytical models. ResultsThe survey year-, age-, and gender-adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) of the loss of 8 or more teeth for the shortest quartile were 1.23 (95% confidence intervals, CI: 1.13-1.35) for the 1920-1945 birth cohorts and 1.39 (95% CI: 1.20-1.62) for the 1946-1962 birth cohorts. The PRs for edentulousness were 1.64 (95% CI: 1.34-2.02) for the 1920-1945 birth cohorts and 2.26 (95% CI: 1.31-3.91) for the 1946-1962 birth cohorts. These associations were moderately attenuated after adjusting for own education but still significant in the fully adjusted models. After full adjustment for the covariates, those in the shortest height quartiles in the relatively young birth cohorts (1946-1962 birth cohorts) had a 1.93 (95% CI: 1.09-3.43) times greater prevalence of edentulism than that of their tallest counterparts. ConclusionsGiven that adult height reflects early-life conditions, independent associations between height and tooth loss support the view that early-life circumstances significantly influence oral health outcomes in later life.N
Regional variation in states' naloxone accessibility laws in association with opioid overdose death rates-Observational study (STROBE compliant)
No full textThough overall death from opioid overdose are increasing in the United States, the death rate in some states and population groups is stabilizing or even decreasing. Several states have enacted a Naloxone Accessibility Laws to increase naloxone availability as an opioid antidote. The extent to which these laws permit layperson distribution and possession varies. The aim of this study is to investigate differences in provisions of Naloxone Accessibility Laws by states mainly in the Northeast and West regions, and the impact of naloxone availability on the rates of drug overdose deaths. This cross-sectional study was based on the National Vital Statistics System multiple cause-of-death mortality files. The average changes in drug overdose death rates between 2013 and 2017 in relevant states of the Northeast and West regions were compared according to availability of naloxone to laypersons. Seven states in the Northeast region and 10 states in the Western region allowed layperson distribution of naloxone. Layperson possession of naloxone was allowed in 3 states each in the Northeast and the Western regions. The average drug overdose death rates increased in many states in the both regions regardless of legalization of layperson naloxone distribution. The average death rates of 3 states that legalized layperson possession in the West region decreased (-0.33 per 100,000 person); however, in states in the West region that did not allow layperson possession and states in the Northeast region regardless of layperson possession increased between 2013 and 2017. The provision to legalize layperson possession of naloxone was associated with decreased average opioid overdose death rates in 3 states of the West region.Y
A study on the urban planning strategies of 2040 metropolitan area types and types by the analysis of spatial structure
No full text학위논문(석사) - 한국과학기술원 : 미래전략대학원프로그램, 2017.2,[iv, 106 p. :]본 연구는 대도시권 유형을 공간구조 분석을 통하여 분류하고, 각 도시권별로 미래의 지속가능한 도시로 발전할 수 있도록 도시계획 방향을 제시하는 것이다. 본 연구의 공간적인 범위는 지역별로 형성된 대도시권을 대상으로 하였으며, 연구의 시간적인 범위는 과거로부터 현재까지 추이 및 2040년을 미래전망의 시점으로 정하였다. 본 연구는 미래예측을 위하여 다양한 방법론을 적용하였다. 우선, 도시공간 구조와 관련한 이론을 고찰하였으며, 각 이론에 기반하여 도시공간구조 변화추이를 분석하고, 동 분석결과를 활용하여 대도시권의 공간구조 분석틀을 구성하였다. 그리고, 환경스캐닝을 통하여 도시공간 변화에 영향을 주는 관련요인을 추출하였다. 또한, 델파이 설문조사와 교차영향분석으로 핵심변동요인을 도출하였으며, 3차원 미래예측법을 통해 한국, 일본 및 미국의 도시공간구조 변화추이와 미래변화를 전망하였다. 아울러, 시스템 인과지도의 작성으로 변화요인간의 상호작용을 전체적으로 조망하였으며, 시나리오 플래닝으로 미래의 대도시권 유형을 전망 하였다. 본 연구는 4가지의 미래 대도시권 유형을 제시하였다. 첫째는 도시규모 확대가 지속되는 메가리전(Mega-region)형 대도시권, 둘째는 중심기능의 분담으로 과밀을 해소하는 네트워크형 대도시권, 셋째는 전반적인 도시의 규모와 기능이 저하되는 쇠퇴형 대도시권, 넷째는 저성장시대 토지이용 수요에 부합하도록 도시규모를 조정해가는 스마트 축소형 대도시권이다.한국과학기술원 :미래전략대학원프로그램
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