1,720,981 research outputs found
Strategic Portfolio Building in Donors' Multilateral Institutional Choice
Full text linkMore donors are formally assessing their multilateral aid disbursement policies as well as the multilateral institutions that they contribute to. Analyzing OECD Creditor Reporting System data from 2011 to 2019 of 23 donors and 34 multilateral organizations, we find evidence of institutional portfolio building of donors to align multilateral and bilateral aid channels. Such tendency is more pronounced for core-funding than multi-bi funding and much stronger at the recipient country level than at the sectoral level. Smaller donors that operate from a limited multilateral budget show greater preferences for geographical similarity. When donors give to institutions with sectoral specialization, they seek sectoral similarity with their bilateral aid.2
The Role and Welfare Rationale of Secondary Sanctions: A Theory and a Case Study of the US Sanctions Targeting Iran
No full textThis paper investigates the role and the welfare rationale of secondary sanctions using a game theoretic framework and a case study of the US sanctions targeting Iran. Existing literature on secondary sanctions focuses either on the sender-third party or the sender-target relations, and fails to address the interdependency of the three players' strategies. An integrated approach allows us to examine the conditions under which the secondary sanction succeeds in coercing the third party to participate in a sanction campaign against a target. I argue that it acts as a commitment device for the third parties that value target compliance but find it too costly to voluntarily participate in the sanctions when the target complies at a suboptimal level. Despite the coercive nature, secondary sanction can be welfare improving for them. The framework provides an explanation of the successful outcome of the recent US secondary sanctions targeting Iran.1
When coalition falls apart: a case of solidarity building by two South Korean unions in an era of precarious work
No full textThis article examines the external and organizational factors behind the coalition dynamics of two labour unions representing different types of employment contracts - temporary and permanent - that led the 2007 Irregular Workers Movement in South Korea. Drawing on semi-structured interviews, video footage, newspapers and internal document data, we find that while political opportunities drove the two unions to come together, broad alliances that formed around the coalition on the issue of job security for irregular workers caused the union of predominantly regular workers to become marginalized. Organizational differences that initially seemed complementary prevented a shared identity from forming despite collective strikes and became a source of resentment. The varying progress of negotiations not only reduced the benefits of claims coordination and collective action but also invoked otherness between the two unions. Lack of trust and recognition did not allow for even a loose relationship of cooperative differentiation.1
Secondary sanctions mechanism revisited: the case of US sanctions against North Korea
No full textThis chapter explores the mechanism of secondary sanctions in light of US sanctions against North Korea during the period 2016 and 2017. I propose a game theoretic framework that captures the sanction dynamics among a leading sender, target and third party with the weapons technology advancing over time. I show that additional secondary sanctions in response to the maturing technology that could lead to target compliance depends on how much more costly it becomes for the target to give up the technology as well as the third party’s voluntary sanction level. I examine the ways in which US secondary sanctions together with the UNSC Resolutions coerced China to rachet up its sanction level against North Korea and ultimately contributed to get North Korea out to the negotiation table in 2019.TRU
The Determinants of Unmet Needs for Personal Assistance of the Disabled in South Korea
Full text linkThis paper examines determinants of unmet needs for personal assistance among the disabled in South Korea. Using National Survey of Disabled Persons of year 2011, 2014, and 2017, we estimate linear probability models and ordered logit models and find that older, female disabled with worse health status, longer disability years, and living alone are more likely to have absolute unmet needs. We divide the sample by sex and age. Our findings show that determinants of unmet needs for older adults (persons aged 65 or above) are not greatly different from those for younger adults (aged 18-64), but marital status for males and household income for females seem to be a key determinant of unmet needs. We also find that reliance on informal care (family members) is greater for married males, larger household size, worse health status, home owners among the elderly, for more severe disability, mentally disabled, home owners among the female group
Economic implications for South Korea of the current transformation in the Middle East
No full textIn this article, I focus on the impacts on South Korea of the current transformation in the Middle East. South Korea is the world’s fifth-largest importer of oil, importing 98 percent of its oil for domestic use, 80 percent of which comes from the Middle East. Korea is a major exporter of automobiles, automobile parts, and consumer electronics to the Middle East and North Africa region, and the amount of exports has been steadily rising for the past 20 years. The Middle East is also Korea’s largest engineering, procurement, and construction market overseas, and, in turn, Korea is one of the top contractors there. Given such economic ties, how is the “Arab Spring” affecting the Korean economy? I first examine the close relationship between Korea and the Middle East and then analyze the short-term influences since January 2011. Then I attempt to forecast the longer-term consequences.TRU
Impact of Expansions of the Personal Assistance Service for the Disabled on Unmet Care in South Korea
Full text linkWhile the Korean government allocates approximately 60% of the total budget for the disabled to the Personal Assistance Service, there has been no systematic analysis on the effectiveness of the program. Applying a difference-in-differences methodology to a repeated cross-sectional survey data, we find that eligibility expansions from 2011 to 2015 of the Personal Assistance Service had no significant effect on reducing the unmet needs for personal assistance. Access to the service, however, reduced the amount of care given by family and friends, implying that there may have been a close-to-perfect crowd-out
2014 Modularization of Korea's Development Experience: Korean Public Toilet Improvement Experience and its Implications
No full textSummary
Chapter 1
Introduction
Chapter 2
Performance Measurement
1. Setting up Indicators; 5A+1
2. Measurement of 5A+1 Indicators of Korean Public Toilets
Chapter 3
Public Toilet Improvement in the 1980s
1. Background
2. Driving Strategy and Systems
3. Details and the Situations of the Drive
Chapter 4
Public Toilet Improvement from the late 1990s to the early 2000s
1. Background
2. Driving Strategy and Systems
3. Details and the Situations of the Drive
Chapter 5
Public Toilet Improvement from the late 2000s to the Present
1. Background
2. Driving Strategy and Systems
3. Details and the Situations of the Drive
Chapter 6
Success Factors Analysis
1. Public Toilet Improvement Policies as a Part of the Preparation for Large-scale International Events
2. Efficient Role of the Central Government
3. Beautiful Toilet and Changes Focusing on Providers
4. Leadership
Chapter 7
Implications
References
Appendice
Non-profit overhead and efficiency from IRS administrative data
No full textThis paper investigates the efficiency of non-profit overhead spending by estimating its marginal returns on total revenue using IRS data. To explore whether using the overhead ratio as a heuristic for non-profit operational quality is justified, we compare it with administrative efficiency or the efficiency by which overhead is transformed into total revenues. We find that underinvestment on overhead may be explained by reputational concerns. Reputational concerns may be justified given a negative relationship between administrative efficiency and overhead ratio.1
Nonprofit Partisanship
Full text linkWe establish a novel measurement of nonprofit organization ideology using semantic text analysis and validate it with a large-scale online experiment. On average, health- related nonprofits as well as education-related organizations, including US universities, are the most left-leaning group.
Religion-related nonprofits, on the other hand, are the most conservative. We then examine whether ”rage donations” for selected lib- eral nonprofits right after the Trump elections documented by the media hold true more generally across different sectors over different presidential elections. We find no evidence that expected shifts in ideology of a government systematically influence donations differently depending on nonprofit ideology
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