6 research outputs found
Introduction and stylistics of the manuscript of the Usul Qabzah
No full textUsul Qazaba written by Qelichullah Ibn Muhammad Qelich Ansari Gujarati, is one of the most important treatises related to shooting and archery in the Persian language, which was written in the middle of the eleventh century of Hijri. In this treatise, which is written in eleven Criterion, and one Ending, the author describes and explains the discussed topics with complete proficiency. Nine manuscripts have been obtained from this valuable treatise, except for the one of them in Ayatollah Marashi’s library with number 16290 in Qom, all other manuscripts are kept in libraries outside Iran. Considering the importance of the subject and content of this treatise, as well as its openness in the understanding and completing the other shooting treatises, the authors intend to introduce and recognize this treatise as much as possible through the textual examining and stylistic analyzing of the only available version, and to prepare conditions for its printing.In the current research, this treatise has been examined from three levels of literature, language and content, and based on its results, several prominent features are worth noting: extensive attention to religious themes and believes; including special and unfamiliar words and terms in the specialized field; Gathering useful information about some topics related to shooting, such as Ghalib and Maghlub, cognition of horse and knowledge of Rijal al-Ghaib; having simple prose and away from complexity; not paying attention to rhetorical and artistic aspects. This research has been carried out with the descriptive-analytical method and using the available library resources
Textology of the treatise of Jami’ al-Hidayah fi 'Ilm al-Remayah
No full textThe Treatise of Jami’ al-Hidayah fi ‘Ilm al-Remayah written by Nizam al-Din Ahmad bin Muhammad known as Shuja al-Din Doroodbashi Beyhaqi, which was written in 718 A.H. with subject of shooting and archery techniques, which are arranged in seventeen separate chapters. This Treatise was published for the first time by Daneshpazhooh in 1963 in “Farhang Iranzmin” magazine without correction, editing and research on its text, based on one manuscript he had; while today thirteen manuscripts of this treatise have been registered in different Iranian and foreign libraries. because this treatise has historical and content importance, the authors intend to research on the text, in addition to introducing it, to express the necessity of correcting and edited publishing of this treatise.This research has been done with descriptive-analytical method and using available library resources. Considering that the writer of this treatise was an expert in shooting and archery, the content of the treatise, also the type and style of words and military terms usage in it are significant, and recording theme in dictionaries has a lot of importance to enrich the Persian language in this field; Also, this treatise is complementary to other treatises in this content, which prepares the way for more complete researches in this field. Regardless of the frequent use of special shooting and archery words in it, this treatise is devoid of outstanding linguistic features. Also, the prose of this treatise is eloquent, which in some cases is accompanied by verses from prominent poets of Persian literature
Rate-Transient Analysis of Tight Gas Condensate and Black Oil Wells Exhibiting Two-phase Flow
No full textQuantitative Production Data Analysis (PDA) is a popular petroleum reservoir engineering technique that is employed to derive information about reservoir properties and well stimulation (hydraulic fractures). Rate-Transient Analysis (RTA), which is an advanced form of PDA, uses well flowing well pressures along with production rates to extract this information. Although mathematical models used for RTA are reasonably mature for conventional reservoirs, there are complexities associated with reservoir fluid storage and flow behavior that impede direct adaptation of these methods for low-permeability (tight), unconventional reservoirs. For example, wells producing from tight unconventional reservoirs may exhibit lengthy periods of transient flow, during which time multi-phase flow could occur.
The primary objective of this thesis is to demonstrate that analytical RTA techniques may be adapted to quantitatively analyze and forecast wells producing from tight unconventional reservoirs exhibiting single− and multi-phase flow during the transient linear and boundary-dominated flow periods. In particular, multi-fractured horizontal wells (MFHWs) producing from tight gas condensate and oil reservoirs and exhibiting long-term transient linear flow are studied. Several commonly observed behaviors associated with MFHWs producing from tight reservoirs, such as constant gas-oil-ratios (GORs) during the transient linear flow, are explained analytically. Modified pseudovariables, critical for linearizing the diffusivity equation for describing multi-phase flow, are developed that allow the liquid-solution analogy to be applied to the transient linear and boundary-dominated flow versions of the diffusivity equation. Novel techniques for calculation of saturation pressure relationships, required for pseudovariable evaluation, are developed. Solutions that utilize modified pseudovariables are applied to both inverse and forward modeling of wells producing from these reservoir types. The accuracy of the new analytical approaches is demonstrated through comparison to numerical simulation, and practical utility through analysis of field cases.
A secondary objective is to demonstrate the use of black oil simulation and surface fluid rate recombination techniques, combined with assisted history-matching techniques, to extract reservoir, hydraulic fracture and in-situ fluid compositions from MFHWs completed in tight gas condensate reservoirs.
The analytical techniques developed in this thesis will be useful for petroleum engineers who employ analytical techniques in tight unconventional reservoir and hydraulic-fracture characterization
Evaluation and comparison of Effect of the syntactic complexity on the amount of speech dysfluency of stuttering and nonstuttering Persian-speaker adults in imitation task
No full textIntroduction: Recently, researchers have increasingly interested in learning about the relationship between stuttering and utterance length. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of utterance length on the amount of speech dysfluency in Farsi-speaking adults who do and do not stutter through an imitative speech task. The obtained results can pave the way for reaching a better understanding of adulthood stuttering as well as developing more appropriate treatment methods.
Materials and Methods: 15 people who do stutter and 15 fluent controls (age range, 15 to 50 years) who spoke Farsi as their native language and were matched by age and gender participated in this cross-sectional study. All participants were assessed by ten sets of simple and complex sentences. In order to assess the impact of syntactic complexity on dysfluency, each sentence in a given set had one morpheme more than the previous one. The obtained data were statistically analyzed through paired t test using SPSS software.
Results: Neither in the stuttering nor in the nonstuttering groups, simple and complex sentences did not differ significantly from each other on the basis of the amounts of dysfluency produced (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that during sentence imitation tasks, syntactic complexity did not affect dysfluency amount neither in people who stutter nor in those who do not. It is imperative to attend to linguistic factors when dealing with children and adults who stutter and to consider syntactic complexity throughout the treatment process at the sentence level.
Keywords: Stuttering, Children, Adults, Imitation task, Syntactic complexit
بررسی فراوانی ناروانی در کلمات و ناکلمات در بزرگسالان فارسی زبان مبتلا به لکنت
No full textمقدمه: درک بهتر ماهیت پیچیده و چند وجهی لکنت مستلزم بررسی جنبههای مختلف آن میباشد، بنابراین مطالعه لکنت از جنبههای زبانی و بررسی تأثیر عوامل زبانشناختی در آن از اهمیت ویژهای برخوردار است. هدف این پژوهش، بررسی فراوانی بروز ناروانی در کلمات و ناکلمات در بزرگسالان مبتلا به لکنت فارسی زبان بود.
مواد و روشها: در مطالعه حاضر، 15 فرد بزرگسال مبتلا به لکنت (15 سال به بالا) فارسی زبان مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. برای بررسی ابتدا فهرست کلمات و ناکلمات تهیه گردید. به این ترتیب که 60 کلمه دو تا پنج هجایی با فراوانی وقوع متنوع در زبان فارسی انتخاب شد و سپس 60 ناکلمه بر اساس کلمات و تغییر حداقل 50 درصد واجهای کلمه ساخته شد. افراد شرکت کننده کلمات و ناکلمات را تکرار کردند و دادهها ضبط و جمعآوری گردید. سپس تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها توسط نرمافزار SPSS انجام شد.
یافتهها: فراوانی ناروانی در کلمات و ناکلمات به طور معنیداری متفاوت است و ناکلمات در مقایسه با کلمات در بزرگسالان مبتلا به لکنت افزایش معنیداری دارد (05/0 > P).
نتیجهگیری: نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان دهنده افزایش معنیدار میزان ناروانی گفتار در تکرار ناکلمات در مقایسه با تکرار کلمات در بزرگسالان مبتلا به لکنت فارسی زبان میباشد. همچنین نوع ناروانیها در هر دو فهرست کلمات و ناکلمات بیشتر از نوع گیر (ناروانیهای لکنتی) میباشد.
کلید واژهها: بزرگسالان مبتلا به لکنت، کلمات، ناکلمات، ناروان
Assessment formats in dental medicine: An overview
No full textAim: At the annual meeting of German dentists in Frankfurt am Main in 2013, the Working Group for the Advancement of Dental Education (AKWLZ) initiated an interdisciplinary working group to address assessments in dental education. This paper presents an overview of the current work being done by this working group, some of whose members are also actively involved in the German Association for Medical Education's (GMA) working group for dental education. The aim is to present a summary of the current state of research on this topic for all those who participate in the design, administration and evaluation of university-specific assessments in dentistry.Method: Based on systematic literature research, the testing scenarios listed in the National Competency-based Catalogue of Learning Objectives (NKLZ) have been compiled and presented in tables according to assessment value.Results: Different assessment scenarios are described briefly in table form addressing validity (V), reliability (R), acceptance (A), cost (C), feasibility (F), and the influence on teaching and learning (EI) as presented in the current literature. Infoboxes were deliberately chosen to allow readers quick access to the information and to facilitate comparisons between the various assessment formats. Following each description is a list summarizing the uses in dental and medical education.Conclusion: This overview provides a summary of competency-based testing formats. It is meant to have a formative effect on dental and medical schools and provide support for developing workplace-based strategies in dental education for learning, teaching and testing in the future
