282 research outputs found
Improvements to seismicity forecasting based on a Bayesian spatio-temporal ETAS model
No full textThe epidemic-type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model provides an effective tool for predicting the spatio-temporal evolution of aftershock clustering in short-term. Based on this model, a fully probabilistic procedure was previously proposed by the first two authors for providing spatio-temporal predictions of aftershock occurrence in a prescribed forecasting time interval. This procedure exploited the versatility of the Bayesian inference to adaptively update the forecasts based on the incoming information provided by the ongoing seismic sequence. In this work, this Bayesian procedure is improved: (1) the likelihood function for the sequence has been modified to properly consider the piecewise stationary integration of the seismicity rate; (2) the spatial integral of seismicity rate over the whole aftershock zone is calculated analytically; (3) background seismicity is explicitly considered within the forecasting procedure; (4) an adaptive Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation procedure is adopted; (5) leveraging the stochastic sequences generated by the procedure in the forecasting interval, the N-test and the S-test are adopted to verify the forecasts. This framework is demonstrated and verified through retrospective early forecasting of seismicity associated with the 2017–2019 Kermanshah seismic sequence activities in western Iran in two distinct phases following the main events with Mw7.3 and Mw6.3, respectively
Students’ Academic Motivation in Golestan University of Medical Sciences
No full textIntroduction: Students’ academic motivation is one of the most important challenges of universities, and has great effects on the outputs of educational systems. The aim of this study was to investigate of academic motivation status among students of Golestan University of Medical Sciences (GOUMS).
Methods: In this descriptive- analytical study, 275 students of GOUMS were selected via stratified random sampling methods. Demographic data form and Academic Motivation Scale (AMS) was used as data gathering tool. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test and one way ANOVA. In all tests, level of significance considered less than 0.05.
Results: Mean and standard deviation of students’ academic motivation was 151.43±20.69 (out of 196), and 53.3 percent of them had academic motivation scores higher than average. The mean of academic motivation among females were higher than that of males (P=0.02). Age had significant correlation with extrinsic motivation (r=-0.144, P=0.002), amotivation (r=-0.221, P=0.000) and total score of academic motivation scale (r=-0.191, P=0.002). Nursing and midwifery students had the highest academic motivation scores, and medicine and paramedical faculty students were in the next rank, the differences were statistically significant.
Conclusion: According to the finding, academic motivation of students was almost desirable. However, the students’ intrinsic motivation was not in appropriate level, which necessitates planed educational interventions. It is suggested that educational systems pay further attention to individual and environmental factors that affect academic motivation
Bus Crashes in Iran
No full textParvaresh-MasoudM, AsayeshH. Bus crashes in Iran. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(2):227–227.</jats:p
Medical Students’ Awareness of Patients’ Rights in Qom University of Medical Sciences and Health Services (2010)
No full textIntroduction: Patient rights include the duties that medical team has towards him and the total privileges, abilities or special permissions granted to patients by law. The aim of this study was to assess Qom University of Medical Sciences students’ awareness about patients’ rights.
Methods: This descriptive and analytical study was performed in 2010. Subjects included 192 medical sciences students (33 medical, 72 nursing, 48 operating room, and 39 anesthesiology students. Data were collected using a questionnaire containing 40 questions in two sections, demographic characteristics and the patient’s bill of Rights. Descriptive statistics and Chi2 test was used for data analysis.
Results: The highest knowledge score was about ''the patient's right to know about their treatment'' with 91% of the students showing complete knowledge about it, and the minimum knowledge score was related to ''the patient's right to know about their discharge time''. Only 51% of the students were aware of it.
Conclusion: Students’ awareness in most areas of patient bill of rights was not enough, which can eventually impair the observance of patient rights by medical students and patients’ dissatisfaction
Examination of Personal Values System and Its Changes Among Young People
No full textAbstractThe main purpose of this study was investigated youth values system and it's changing in male and female to answer this question whether a change in values has been created. The results of this study are compared with previous studies. Eighty-seven (33 male, 54 female) students from Semnan University in Iran were participated in this study. All participants completed the Personal Values Questionnaire (PVQ). The results showed that there is no significant difference between male and female in Religious, social, Public, Aesthetic, Economic, Knowledge, Hedonism, Power, Health values. Compared with the previous studies these findings showed that male and female has changed. In comparison to the previous findings, these findings show that the male and female's values have undergone some changes. But there is a significant difference between the two genders regarding value of family face. These findings work as warring toward the reduction of families’ power in transferring the appropriate values to each gender. Finally, regarding the key role of family in transferring the values to their children, it is suggested that parents consult with the experts for having a mental and emotional communication with their children and internalization cultural values in them
Comparison of pre-hospital management of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and its outcomes between the COVID-19 and pre-COVID-19 periods
No full textOut-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a time-sensitive medical emergency that needs immediate interventions. COVID-19 affected the performance of the emergency medical service (EMS) system in pre-hospital care, including the management of cardiac arrest. This study aimed to identify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pre-hospital management of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and its outcome in Qom City, Iran. In this descriptive-analytical study, the data were collected from the electronic registration system of the EMS center in Qom, Iran. All OHCA patients who received resuscitation during COVID-19 and before COVID-19 were enrolled in the study. Data consisted of the characteristics of OHCA patients, EMS interventions and response times, and the outcome of OHCA. A P-value of <0.05 was deemed statistically significant. 630 OHCA patients in the COVID-19 period and 524 OHCA patients in the pre-COVID-19 period were included in the study. Endotracheal intubation and defibrillation were done more in the COVID-19 period than in the pre-COVID-19 period (50.2 % vs. 17 %, p<0.001 %, and 40.1 % vs. 22.5 %, p < 0.001, respectively). The EMS response time was longer during the COVID-19 pandemic (9.1 ± 3.9 min vs. 7.6 ± 1.4 min, p < 0.001). The rate of pre-hospital return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was lower in the COVID-19 period (15.6 % vs. 8.4 %, p < 0.001). According to univariate analysis, ROSC was predicted by COVID-19 (p < 0.001). However, COVID-19 was not the statistically significant independent predictor after multivariate analysis (p < 0.67). The COVID-19 pandemic period influenced OHCA and ROSC. Also, it affected pre-hospital management in the OHCA situation. The negative impact of COVID-19 on the EMS response reflected the need to know and remove barriers to managing crises such as COVID-19
Evaluation of the client's expectations and perceptions gap about the quality of primary health services in Gorgan health center
No full textSpiritual Health Among Isfehanian Elderly People
No full textObjectives: In the recent years world experienced an increased number of elderly population particularly in developing countries such as Iran. Considering protection and promotion of health of this vulnerable group should be more focused. This is obvious that assessing their health status is the first priority of health promotion strategy. Spiritual health is one of the health dimensions which is less concerned in this age group. This study aimed to assess distribution of spiritual health among Isfehanian elderly people.
Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 230 Isfahanian over 60 elderly people. By convenience sampling subjects were chosen from urban area. Data was gathered by a questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics and Palutzian & Ellison Spiritual Health Questionnaire. Dat analyzed by t test, ANOVA, correlation and multiple regression.
Results: Findings showed that 70.09% of participants were male and mean of age was 67.5 Mean score of spiritual health was 95.02±13.98 which was in a high level. Elderly people accommodated in nursing homes had a significantly lower spiritual health status. Significant relationship was found between spiritual health, educational level and type of accommodation (P<0.05).
Conclusion: As results showed supports originated from spiritual health is beneficial and could promote quality of life and health. Considering this issue in older people as a vulnerable group is recommended
Study of Association between Social Adjustment and Spiritual Health in Qom University of Medical Sciences Students
No full textBackground and Objectives: Admission to university is considered an opportunity to learn more and mentally grow further. At the same time, it is considered a stressor by some students and causes maladaptive reactions in them. This study was conducted to investigate the association between social adjustment and spiritual health in university students.
Methods: Two hundred and fifty students were enrolled in this descriptive-analytical, cross-sectional study according to random, systematic sampling. The used instruments were Bell Adjustment Inventory, consisting of 32 items, with 89% reliability coefficient and Paloutzian & Ellison Spiritual Well-Being Scale, consisting of 20 items, with validity and reliability of 79% and 82%, respectively. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and univariate and multivariate linear regression in SPSS 16.
Results: Women comprised 50.2% of the participants. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 21.72 (5.02) and only 18.4% were married. Social adjustment was significantly correlated with total score of spiritual health and scores of the subscales religious health and existential health (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Because social adjustment was moderate among Qom University of Medical Sciences students, and in the light of the association between spiritual health and social adjustment, group and individual counseling services can be delivered to students with low levels of social adjustment in universities to help them improve their social and spiritual health.
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