141 research outputs found
Table_S1_revised_191118 – Supplemental material for Illegal substance use among 1,309 music festival attendees: An investigation using oral fluid sample drug tests, breathalysers and questionnaires
No full textSupplemental material, Table_S1_revised_191118 for Illegal substance use among 1,309 music festival attendees: An investigation using oral fluid sample drug tests, breathalysers and questionnaires by Linn Gjersing, Anne Line Bretteville-Jensen, Håvard Furuhaugen and Hallvard Gjerde in Scandinavian Journal of Public Health</p
sj-docx-1-sjp-10.1177_14034948211043984 – Supplemental material for Which illicit drugs are injected in Oslo? A study based on analysis of drug residues in used injection equipment and self-reported information
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-sjp-10.1177_14034948211043984 for Which illicit drugs are injected in Oslo? A study based on analysis of drug residues in used injection equipment and self-reported information by Hallvard Gjerde, Anne Line Bretteville-Jensen, Lihn Bache-Andreassen, Kristin Hanoa, Håvard Furuhaugen, Gerd-Wenche Brochmann and Vigdis Vindenes in Scandinavian Journal of Public Health</p
Detection of illicit drugs in oral fluid from drivers as biomarker for drugs in blood
No full textThe aim of the study was to assess whether analysis of oral fluid can be used to identify individual drivers with drug concentrations in blood above 25 ng/mL for amphetamine and methamphetamine, 10 ng/mL for cocaine and 1.0 ng/mL for tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which are the cut-off concentrations used in the European DRUID Project, by calculating the diagnostic accuracies when using the analytical cut-off concentrations in oral fluid as well as for the optimal cut-off concentrations.
Paired samples of whole blood and oral fluid collected with the Statsure SalivaSampler were obtained from 4080 drivers in four European countries and analysed for amphetamine, methamphetamine, cocaine and THC using GC-MS or LC-MS. The vast majority (89%) were random drivers not suspected of drug-impaired driving. Receiver-Operating Characteristic analysis was used to evaluate the analytical results.
The prevalence of drug findings above the cut-off concentrations in blood was 1.3% for amphetamine, 1.0% for methamphetamine, 0.6% for cocaine and 1.3% for THC. The cut-off concentrations in oral fluid that gave the highest diagnostic accuracy were for amphetamine 130 ng/mL (accuracy 99.8%), methamphetamine 280 ng/mL (accuracy 99.9%), cocaine 570 ng/mL (accuracy 99.6%), and THC 38 ng/mL (accuracy 98.3%). The proportion of false positives were 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.1% and 0.9%; and the proportion of false negatives were 0.1%, 0.0%, 0.3% and 0.8%, respectively, when using those cut-offs. The positive predictive values were 87.9%, 92.9%, 84.6% and 35.7% for amphetamine, methamphetamine, cocaine and THC, respectively.
Analysis of concentrations of illicit drugs in oral fluid could not be used to accurately identify drivers with drugs concentrations above the selected cut-offs in blood in a cohort of drivers with low prevalence of drugs
Detection of 4 benzodiazepines in oral fluid as biomarker for presence in blood.
No full textBackground: Analysis of samples of oral fluid (mixed saliva) is increasingly being used to detect recent drug use. The aim of this investigation was to assess the suitability of testing oral fluid as a biomarker for the presence of 4 benzodiazepines in blood and its possible application in clinical settings and in research on drug use.
Methods: Paired samples of oral fluid and blood from 4080 individuals in 4 European countries were collected and analyzed for benzodiazepines using gas or liquid chromatography with mass spectroscopic detection.
Results: Concentration data for the 4 most commonly detected benzodiazepines were studied: alprazolam, clonazepam, diazepam, and nordiazepam. Large variations in oral fluid to blood concentration ratios were observed for the studied benzodiazepines. The interquartile ranges for the oral fluid to blood concentrations ratios corresponded to 88%-197% of the median values. Selecting cutoff concentrations in oral fluid that gave the best accuracy in identifying individuals with benzodiazepine concentrations in blood above chosen thresholds produced accuracies of 74%-85% and the fraction of false negatives was 9%-23%.
Conclusions: The concentration of the 4 studied benzodiazepines in oral fluid can neither be used to accurately estimate the concentrations in blood nor to correctly identify patients with blood drug concentrations below or above recommended therapeutic levels. When using analytical methods with limits of quantitation corresponding to concentrations less than 0.5 ng/mL in undiluted oral fluid, it may be used to confirm a recent intake of benzodiazepines. However, it is likely that some false negatives may occur
Estimation of Equivalent Cutoff Thresholds in Blood and Oral Fluid for Drug Prevalence Studies
No full textOral fluid is an easily available specimen for studying drug use in a cohort or population. The prevalence of drugs in samples of oral fluid is the same as the prevalence in blood if using equivalent cutoff concentrations. The cutoffs in oral fluid may be higher or lower than that in blood in accordance with the median oral fluid-to-blood (OF/B) concentration ratio, but it is also influenced by the skewness of the distribution of OF/B ratios. The aim of this study was to determine formulae for the estimation of equivalent cutoff concentrations in oral fluid and blood for 12 commonly used illegal and medicinal psychoactive drugs when oral fluid was collected with Statsure SalivaSampler(TM). Paired samples from 4,080 persons were collected and analyzed with chromatographic methods and mass spectroscopic detection. Regression formulae for the concentrations corresponding to selected percentiles in oral fluid versus the same concentration percentiles in blood were determined. The accuracy when multiplying the cutoff thresholds in blood with the average and median OF/B ratios to estimate equivalent cutoffs in oral fluid was also investigated. Prevalence regression gave the most accurate results. The regression formulae can be used to estimate equivalent cutoff concentrations in oral fluid and blood
Daily Drinking and Drunken Driving
No full text In a study of 3 658 drunken drivers, it was found that eight percent reported daily drinking of alcohol, 82% reported no daily drinking, and 10% gave no information about drinking frequency. Measurements of gamma glutamyl-transferase (a biological marker for heavy drinking) in a selection of blood samples from drunken drivers reporting daily drinking, indicated that the majority of these drivers were heavy drinkers. The drunken drivers who reported daily drinking, had higher blood alcohol concentrations, were responsible for a larger number of previously detected drunken driving offences, and were more prone to being arrested for drunken driving during working days and during daylight hours than other drunken drivers. Among the repeating offenders, it was estimated that 13% would report daily drinking, and 74% would not. </jats:p
Estimating equivalent cutoff thresholds for drugs in blood and oral fluid using prevalence regression: a study of tetrahydrocannabinol and amphetamine
No full textEffect of Warfarin on ATP Content, Viability, Glycosylation and Protein Synthesis in Isolated Rat Hepatocytes
No full textCan the prevalence of high blood drug concentrations in a population be estimated by analysing oral fluid? A study of tetrahydrocannabinol and amphetamine
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