1,721,094 research outputs found
Thought styles on administrative justice systems
Full text linkThis chapter reviews Mike Adler’s contribution to administrative justice theory, re-assessing his own critique and extension of Jerry Mashaw’s seminal work, Bureaucratic Justice. We offer an interpretation of Adler’s contribution which is sometimes overlooked by his critics: that he sought to move the agenda on from a narrower focus on frontline administrative decision-making to a broader consideration of administrative justice systems, including modes of redress. We also seek to build on Adler’s contribution. Drawing on Mary Douglas’ grid-group cultural theory, we offer a high-level ‘map’ of thought styles around administrative justice systems—four distinctive ways in which participants in systems of administrative justice—whether users, operators or designers—frame the legitimacy of the system rationality that underpins it. We observe that, while Adler’s work can be read as drawing attention to two families of thought styles, two others remain unexamined. The styles of administrative justice identified by Adler align along what Mary Douglas calls the ‘positive diagonal’. The contribution of this chapter, on the other hand, is to draw attention to the neglected ‘negative diagonal’ of thought styles which are—in different ways—critical of the more familiar legitimacy claims of administrative justice systems
Thought Styles on Administrative Justice Systems
No full textMike Adler is rightly celebrated for having made significant theoretical and empirical contributions to the study of administrative justice. Relatively early in his career, Adler was much influenced by the publication of Jerry Mashaw’s Bureaucratic Justice: Managing Social Security Disability Claims, an extended study of social security administration in the USA. Mashaw famously proposed three competing models of administrative justice: bureaucratic rationality; professional treatment; and moral judgment. During the course of a number of empirical projects, Adler applied, developed and refined Mashaw’s analytical schema, culminating in an important article in 2003, which definitively sets out his own framework for understanding administrative justice. In this chapter, we re-visit Adler’s seminal essay on administrative justice, offering an interpretation of its contribution which is sometimes overlooked by his critics: that Adler sought to move the agenda on from a narrower focus on frontline administrative decision-making to a broader consideration of administrative justice systems, including modes of redress. Adler’s essay, in consequence, represents an important advance in our overall thinking about administrative justice. In reviewing Adler’s contribution to administrative justice theory, we also seek to build on it. Adler’s work is radical in its potential, and when taken seriously points to an important and far-reaching agenda for administrative justice scholarship. Drawing on Mary Douglas’ grid-group cultural theory, we offer a high level ‘map’ of thought-styles around administrative justice systems – four distinctive ways in which participants in systems of administrative justice—whether users, operators or designers—frame the legitimacy of the system rationality that underpins it. Each of these frames, we argue, presents a distinctive set of challenges to the system’s own “arguments for the acceptability of its outcomes” which, if left unaddressed, could have non-trivial implications for the success of systems of administrative justice
The hidden benefits of abstaining from control
Full text linkThis paper studies the role of negative reciprocity, positive reciprocity and preferences for autonomy in explaining agents’ reactions to control in experimental principal-agent games. While most of the social psychology literature emphasizes the role of autonomy, recent economic research has provided an alternative explanation based on reciprocity. To understand the behavioral mechanisms underlying such reactions, we conduct an experiment in which we compare two treatments: one in which control is exerted directly by the principal; and the other in which it is exerted by a third party enjoying no residual claimancy rights (third-party control). The results indicate that when either the principal or a third party decides to control the average level of effort that is selected by the agents is similar. What changes remarkably are the agents’ reactions to the decision of the other participants not to control. When the principal decides not to control, then the agent exerts greater effort relative to the case when the third party decides not to control. Agents seem to reward principals who abstain from control for their trust, rather than punish controlling ones for their distrust
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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