44 research outputs found
A phylogenetic revision of Calydna and relatives (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae)
No full textAbstractA phylogenetic revision of the Neotropical riodinid genus Calydna Doubleday and relatives is presented. A phylogenetic analysis for all twenty species of Calydna using thirty-eight characters of adult morphology generated four most parsimonious cladograms. Calydna is characterised to contain eighteen species, divided here into three monophyletic species groups with the relationship caieta group + (thersander group + hiria group). A new genus Echydna Hall gen. n. is described for the most basal clade, containing chaseba Hewitson and punctata C. & R. Felder, which are transferred from Calydna (combs. n.). The taxonomy, morphology, biogeography and biology of both genera are discussed, locality data is listed and mapped, and the adults and male and female genitalia are illustrated for all species. Concealed male abdominal androconial scales, which phylogenetically unite the thersander and hiria groups, are reported for the first time outside of the tribes Symmachiini and Nymphidiini. Two new species are described, Calydna jeannea sp. n. and Calydna nicolayi sp. n., and the replacement name fissilisima is provided for the unavailable name fissilis Stichel; maculosa Bates is transferred from Calydna to Callistium Stichel (comb. n.).
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Five new Penaincisalia species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Eumaeini) from the Andes of southern Ecuador and northern Peru
No full textFive new species of Penaincisalia (Lycaenidae: Eumaeini) are described from the high Andes of southern Ecuador and northern Peru: P. caeruleanota Hall & Willmott n. sp., P. juliae Hall & Willmott n. sp., P. andreae Busby & Hall n. sp., P. libertada Hall n. sp. and P. ismaeli Busby & Hall n. sp.. We present brief discussions on their systematic placement within the genus and on their adult ecology.</jats:p
A segmented and clawed male foreleg in a newly described genus and species of eumaeine butterfly (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
No full textGrishinata Robbins and Busby, new genus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Eumaeini), possesses a fivesegmented foretarsus with a clawed pretarsus, a trait that differentiates it from all eumaeine genera except Theclopsis Godman and Salvin. Grishinata penny Busby, Hall, and Robbins, new species, differs from all species of Theclopsis (and most Eumaeini) in lacking male secondary sexual organs on the wings or in the abdomen. It is recorded from the eastern slope of the Andes in Ecuador and Peru. We cannot place Grishinata penny in an existing Eumaeini genus based upon its wing pattern, male foreleg structure, lack of male secondary sexual organs, and male genitalic morphology. We propose names for the genus and species to document its leg morphology and to provide a name for a genome sequencing project, which will allow us to place the genus in the eumaeine Linnaean hierarchy
Basal subtribes of the Nymphidiini (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae): phylogeny and myrmecophily
No full textOzone chemistry in western U.S. wildfire plumes
No full textLu Xu , John D. Crounse , Krystal T. Vasquez , Hannah Allen , Paul O. Wennberg, Ilann Bourgeois, Steven S. Brown, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Matthew M. Coggon, James H. Crawford , Joshua P. DiGangi , Glenn S. Diskin , Alan Fried , Emily M. Gargulinski , Jessica B. Gilman , Georgios I. Gkatzelis, ‡, Hongyu Guo, Johnathan W. Hair , Samuel R. Hall, Hannah A. Halliday §, Thomas F. Hanisco, Reem A. Hannun, Christopher D. Holmes, L. Gregory Huey, Jose L. Jimenez, Aaron Lamplugh, Young Ro Lee, Jin Liao, Jakob Lindaas, J. Andrew Neuman, John B. Nowak , Jeff Peischl, David A. Peterson, Felix Piel, Dirk Richter , Pamela S. Rickly, Michael A. Robinson, Andrew W. Rollins , Thomas B. Ryerson , Kanako Sekimoto, Vanessa Selimovic, Taylor Shingler , Amber J. Soja, Jason M. St. Clair, David J. Tanner, Kirk Ullmann, Patrick R. Veres , James Walega , Carsten Warneke , Rebecca A. Washenfelder , Petter Weibring , Armin Wisthaler, Glenn M. Wolfe, Caroline C. Womack, Robert J. YokelsonWildfires are a substantial but poorly quantified source of tropospheric ozone (O3). Here, to investigate the highly variable O3 chemistry in wildfire plumes, we exploit the in situ chemical characterization of western wildfires during the FIREX-AQ flight campaign and show that O3 production can be predicted as a function of experimentally constrained OH exposure, volatile organic compound (VOC) reactivity, and the fate of peroxy radicals. The O3 chemistry exhibits rapid transition in chemical regimes. Within a few daylight hours, the O3 formation substantially slows and is largely limited by the abundance of nitrogen oxides (NOx). This finding supports previous observations that O3 formation is enhanced when VOC-rich wildfire smoke mixes into NOx-rich urban plumes, thereby deteriorating urban air quality. Last, we relate O3 chemistry to the underlying fire characteristics, enabling a more accurate representation of wildfire chemistry in atmospheric models that are used to study air quality and predict climate.L.X., K.T.V.,
H.A., J.D.C., and P.O.W. acknowledge NASA grants 80NSSC18K0660 and 80NSSC21K1704. I.B.,
M.M.C., G.I.G., A.L., J.A.N., J.P., P.S.R., M.A.R., and C.C.W. acknowledge the NOAA Cooperative
Agreement with CIRES, NA17OAR4320101. G.M.W., T.F.H., J.M.S., J. Liao, and R.A.H. acknowledge
NASA Tropospheric Composition and NOAA AC4 grant NA17OAR4310004. R.J.Y. and V.S.
acknowledge NOAA grant NA16OAR4310100. A.F., D.R., J.W., and P.W. acknowledge NASA
grant 80NSSC18K0628. D.A.P. acknowledges NASA grant 80HQTR18T0063. S.R.H. and K.U.
acknowledge NASA grant 80NSSC18K0638. A.J.S. and E.M.G. acknowledge NASA grant
80NSSC18K0685. H.G., P.C.-J., and J.L.J. acknowledge NASA grants 80NSSC18K0630 and
80NSSC19K0124. F.P. acknowledges support from the EU (#674911, IMPACT ITN). C.D.H.
acknowledges NASA grant 80NSSC18K0625.https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/sciadv.abl364
Stationary and rotational axisymmetric granular column collapse
No full textThe experiments presented investigate the collapse of a granular column on a stationary surface and a rotating table. A cylinder of radius r0 was positioned on the surface and filled with particulate to a height h0, giving an aspect ratio a = h0/r0. The cylinder was quickly removed and the resultant pile investigated. Spatial and geometric data obtained pre and post collapse were used to derive empirical relations. A high speed camera collected temporal data of the collapse in both cases.
In the stationary case a 3D laser scanner quantified measurements of the resultant pile from which scalings involving aspect ratio were derived. The spatial data revealed that the final runout of the pile is not only dependent on the aspect ratio of the initial geometry as previously thought [Lube et al., 2004; Lajeunesse et al., 2004] but also the initial column radius. This was also observed to be true for the angle at the base of the deposit. Theoretical considerations and obtained data allowed the summital angle to be described by material parameters and aspect ratio. X-ray computer tomography allowed observation and quantification of the internal phenomenology to include the granular packing and the failure surface over which the collapse occurs.
Consideration was given to the effect of rotation on previously obtained spatial and temporal scalings. Increasing the rotation rate encourages growth in the final pile radius until a critical frequency is reached where material loss begins to occur. Any further increase for fixed a results in further material loss and a decrease in the final pile radius. Initial results from DEM (discrete element method) simulations of granular collapse on a rotating table are presented for the case of spherical particles. In these simulations a spiral pattern evolves where all particles have left the central pile. Laboratory experiments have yet to demonstrate this exact patterning, but comparison to similar investigations suggests its existence
High performance latent dirichlet allocation for text mining
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), a total probability generative model, is a three-tier Bayesian model. LDA computes the latent topic structure of the data and obtains the significant information of documents. However, traditional LDA has several limitations in practical applications. LDA cannot be directly used in classification because it is a non-supervised learning model. It needs to be embedded into appropriate classification algorithms. LDA is a generative model as it normally generates the latent topics in the categories where the target documents do not belong to, producing the deviation in computation and reducing the classification accuracy. The number of topics in LDA influences the learning process of model parameters greatly. Noise samples in the training data also affect the final text classification result. And, the quality of LDA based classifiers depends on the quality of the training samples to a great extent. Although parallel LDA algorithms are proposed to deal with huge amounts of data, balancing computing loads in a computer cluster poses another challenge. This thesis presents a text classification method which combines the LDA model and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification algorithm for an improved accuracy in classification when reducing the dimension of datasets. Based on Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN), the algorithm automatically optimizes the number of topics to be selected which reduces the number of iterations in computation. Furthermore, this thesis presents a noise data reduction scheme to process noise data. When the noise ratio is large in the training data set, the noise reduction scheme can always produce a high level of accuracy in classification. Finally, the thesis parallelizes LDA using the MapReduce model which is the de facto computing standard in supporting data intensive applications. A genetic algorithm based load balancing algorithm is designed to balance the workloads among computers in a heterogeneous MapReduce cluster where the computers have a variety of computing resources in terms of CPU speed, memory space and hard disk space
Demographic and Management Factors Affecting the Adoption and Perceived Yield Benefit of Winter Cover Crops in the Southeast
No full textThe inclusion of cover crops in cropping systems brings direct and indirect costs and benefits. Farmers will adopt and utilize cover crops as long as the perceived benefit of using them is positive. This paper examines the demographic and management factors affecting the adoption and perceived benefit (in terms of improved crop yield) of using winter annual cover crops. A double selectivity model of cover crop adoption and perceived yield gain was estimated using survey data of Alabama farmers examining cover crop use and management. Results may help in understanding factors shaping farmers’ perceptions, adoption, and retention of cover crops.adoption, conservation, cover crops, double selectivity model, perceived yield gain, tobit model, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, Q12, Q15, Q55,
The experience of working as a therapist when English is not your first language: an interpretative phenomenological analysis
No full textMultilingualism is now considered to be the norm rather than the exception across the globe (Bialystok, 2001). Research about multilingualism has shown that self (Marcos & Urcuyo, 1979), memory (Scharuf, 2000) and emotion (Caldwell-Harris & Ayçiçeği-Dinn, 2009) are all experienced differently for multilingual individuals depending on the language they are speaking. These facets of psychological functioning are also important in managing reactions as a therapist and developing a therapeutic relationship with a client. The last in particular has been seen as an important contributor to positive therapy outcomes (Norcross, 2010). There are few national data available showing the languages spoken by regulated therapists in the UK. The present study was designed to explore these issues further. Firstly, a web-based survey was completed by 101 multilingual therapists nationwide. Within the sample of respondents, 30 countries of origin and 39 languages were represented. Subsequently, six participants were selected to take part in semi-structured interviews. The interview transcripts were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Two sets of results are presented. This first focuses on experiences of delivering therapy in English as a non-native language. Three levels of themes were identified. The first consisted to two master themes: Feeling challenged and Feeling equipped. The second level consisted of three main themes: Feeling accepted in the workplace, Achieving a sense of robustness in therapy and Achieving a sense of competence in therapy. Each master theme had two sub-themes, which completed the third level. The second set of results is based on the experiences of delivering therapy in a first language having trained in English. Three themes were identified: Feeling awkward and less confident, Feeling a greater distance from the client and Developing cultural dexterity. The themes are discussed in relation to wider psychological literature. Strengths and limitations of the study are noted, and recommendations for clinical practice and future research made
International trade negotiations and the trans-border movement of people: A review of the literature
No full textWe review the international and New Zealand literatures on the two-way interaction between international migration and agreements designed to enhance cross-border trade or investment. Benefits and costs of migration, to the extent that these may feature in trade and migration negotiations, are discussed. While trade and migration can be substitutes in some contexts, they will be complements in other contexts. Liberalisation of services and the movement of people are likely to offer much more significant gains than liberalisation of remaining barriers to goods trade. Significant scope for liberalisation under GATS mode 4 (the movement of natural persons) may remain. However, temporary migration is already promoted on a unilateral and bilateral basis within immigration policy frameworks that may provide greater flexibility than GATS mode 4. With respect to both trade and migration, the more diverse the exchanging countries are, the greater the economic benefits tend to be. However, greater diversity may also imply greater social costs. This paradox of diversity needs to be addressed through appropriate social policies accompanying enhanced temporary and permanent migration
