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Tropobracon hayati Haider, sp. nov.
No full textTropobracon hayati Haider sp. nov. (Figs. 1–6) Female. Dark brown; head, mesoscutum, legs and ovipositor brown; first and median area of second tergite light brown; stemmaticum and tips of mandible black; eyes greyish; ocelli transparent; wings hyaline, venations brown. Head. Antenna 54 segmented (Fig. 6) (range 51–54 segmented), length of third antennal segment 1.6 times of fourth segment, third and fourth segments 3.3 and 2.0 times their widths respectively, apical segment 2.5 times their width; length of maxillary palpi as long as height of head; face smooth medioventrally and somewhat finely punctulate behind antennal sockets; frons finely punctulate and vertex superficially punctulate; temple smooth and roundly narrowed posteriorly (Fig. 3); length of eye 2.5 times temple in dorsal view; AOL: POL: OD: OOL = 3: 3: 3: 10; length of malar space 1.25 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.75 times its heights; episternal scrobe linear and distinct; mesoscutum smooth, only medioposteriorly with a short crenulate carina; scutellar sulcus wide with 8 longitudinal carina; scutellum with distinct pit medioanteriorly; mesopleuron smooth medially and superficially coriaceous anteriorly; metapleuron granulate with long whitish setae; propodeum granulate, without median carina. Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 1) vein r: 3 SR: SR 1 = 7: 9: 41; cua antefurcal; 2 SR: 3 SR: rm = 12: 9: 9; hind wing (Fig. 2) vein 1 rm straight, free from 1 SC+R and about as long as 2 SC+R; 1 SC+R distinctly narrower than 1 rm. Legs. Hind coxae granulate; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 2.8, 9.5 and 4.3 times their widths respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia both 0.4 times hind basitarsus (Fig. 5). Metasoma (Fig. 4). Length of first tergite as long as its apical width, its surface distinctly rugose, no distinct dorsal carina, its lateral areas rather wide and crenulate; first tergite convex medioposteriorly; pair of grooves of second tergite narrow, coarsely crenulate and meeting each other at the second metasomal suture, resulting with a large triangular area; second and third tergites reticulate coriaceous; foursix tergites finely coriaceous; length of ovipositor sheaths 0.41 times of fore wing. Type material. Holotype, females, INDIA: Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 8.xi. 1999, A.A. Haider (ZDAMU); paratypes: 3 females, 1 male with same data as holotype (ZDAMU). Etymology. T. hayati is named after Prof. Mohammad Hayat from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (India). Distribution. India (Uttar Pradesh). Remarks. The new species Tropobracon hayati Haider sp. nov. is closely related to T. comorensis Achterberg. However, it differs from T. comorensis in having (i) vein cua of fore wing antefurcal (in T. comoresnsis vein cua of fore wing postfurcal), (ii) lateral grooves of median area of second metasomal tergite narrow, coarsely crenulate and meeting each other at the second metasomal suture, resulting in a large triangular area (in T. comoresnsis lateral grooves of median area of second tergite wide, widely crenulate and united in basal half of tergite, resulting in a comparatively small triangular area), (iii) face smooth medioventrally and somewhat finely punctulate behind antennal socket (in T. comoresnsis face finely granulate), (iv) frons punctulate, vertex superficially punctulate and temple smooth (in T. comoresnsis frons finely granulate, vertex and temples superficially granulate, rather shiny), (v) mesopleuron smooth medially and superficially coriaceous anteriorly (in T. comoresnsis mesopleuron largely smooth), and (vi) second and third metasomal tergites reticulate coriaceous (in T. comoresnsis second and third tergites distinctly and rather finely rugose).Published as part of Haider, A. A., Ahmad, Z. & Shujauddin, 2004, Taxonomic studies on Indian Tropobracon Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Braconinae), with descriptions of two new species, pp. 1-8 in Zootaxa 663 on pages 3-5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15868
Tropobracon shafeei Haider, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Tropobracon shafeei</i> Haider sp. nov. <p>(Figs. 7–16)</p> <p> <b>Female</b>. Dark brown; head brown, except stemmaticum, frons and tips of mandible black; ocelli transparent; eyes grey; wings hyaline, venations brown, pterostigma dark brown; middle portion of each metasomal tergites light brown; ovipositor brown.</p> <p> <b>Head</b>. Antenna 49 segmented; length of third antennal segment 1.8 times fourth segment; third, fourth and penultimate segments 4.5, 2.5 and 2.0 times their widths respectively; apical segment 2.5 times their width (Fig.14); length of maxillary palpi 0.9 times height of head; vertex and frons granulate; length of eye 2.3 times of temple in dorsal view (Fig. 9); temple roundly narrowed posteriorly; AOL: POL: OD: OOL = 3: 3: 3: 9; clypeus almost flat (Fig. 11) and ventral margin protruding; face smooth medio­ventrally and some what finely transversally rugulose behind antannal sockets; length of malar space 1.3 times basal width of mandible.</p> <p> <b>Mesosoma</b>. Length of mesosoma 1.8 times its height; episternal scrobe linear and deep; mesoscutum smooth, only medio­posteriorly granulate with a short carina, medioanteriorly with a short groove; scutellar sulcus wide with a longitudinal carinae (Fig. 10); scutellum with distinct pit antero­medially; metapleuron finely puntulate with long whitish setae; propodeum without median carina with coarsely granulate.</p> <p> <b>Wings</b>. Fore wing (Fig. 7) vein r: 3­SR: SR1 = 5: 7: 35; cu­a interstitial; 2­SR: 3­SR: r­m = 11: 7: 8; hind wing (Fig. 8) vein 1r­m straight, free from 1­SC+R and about 2.0 times longer than vein 2­SC + R; 1­SC + R about as wide as 1r­m.</p> <p> <b>Legs</b>. Hind coxae granulate; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 3.33, 10.0 and 3.75 times their widths respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.4 times of hind basitarsus (Fig. 13).</p> <p> <b>Metasoma</b>. Length of first tergite 0.86 times its apical width, its surface behind united dorsal carina coarsely reticulate, its lateral areas wide and partially smooth; grooves of second tergite narrow, coarsely crenulate, not meeting each other and not reaching second metasomal suture, resulting without a distinct triangular area (Fig. 12); second and third tergites distinctly and rather finely rugose; four­six tergites granulate; length of ovipositor sheaths 0.37 times of fore wing (Fig. 16).</p> <p> <b>Length</b>. 4.57 mm., fore wing 3.67 mm.</p> <p> <b>Male</b>. Similar to female except: Mostly yellowish brown in colour; antennae 55 segmented, and body length 5.0 mm.</p> <p> <b>Host</b>. Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Type material</b>. Holotype, female, INDIA: West Bengal, Nadia, Kalyani, 20.xi.1999, A.A. Haider (ZDAMU); paratypes: 1 female, 2 males, with same data as holotype (ZDAMU).</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. <i>T. shafeei</i> is dedicated to Late Dr. S. Adam Shafee from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (India) for his valuable contribution to parasitic Hymenoptera.</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b>. India (West Bengal).</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. The new species <i>Tropobracon shafeei</i> Haider sp.nov. is closely related to <i>T. luteus</i> Cameron. However, it differs from <i>T. luteus</i> in having (i) face smooth medio­ventrally and somewhat finely transversally rugulose behind antennal sockets (in <i>T. luteus</i> face granulate), (ii) scutellum medio­anteriorly with a distinct pit (in <i>T. luteus</i> scutellum without pit medio­anteriorly), (iii) metapleuron finely punctulate (in <i>T. luteus</i> metapleuron finely rugose), (iv) propodeum coarsely granulate (in <i>T. luteus</i> propodeum coarsely and densely reticulate­rugose, but with a narrow part smooth), (v) vein cu­a of fore wing interstitial (in <i>T. luteus</i> vein cu­a of fore wing antefurcal), (vi) vein 1r­m of hind wing about 2.0 times longer than vein 2­SC+R (in <i>T. luteus</i> vein 1r­m of hind wing about as long as vein 2­SC+R), (vii) grooves of second metasomal tergite not meeting each other and not reaching second metasomal suture, resulting without a distinct triangular area (in <i>T. luteus</i> grooves of second metasomal tergite reaching second metasomal suture, resulting in a large triangular area).</p>Published as part of <i>Haider, A. A., Ahmad, Z. & Shujauddin, 2004, Taxonomic studies on Indian Tropobracon Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Braconinae), with descriptions of two new species, pp. 1-8 in Zootaxa 663</i> on pages 5-7, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/158686">10.5281/zenodo.158686</a>
Tropobracon comorensis Achterberg
No full textTropobracon comorensis Achterberg Tropobracon comorensis Achterberg, 1993: 55 Material examined. 4 females, INDIA: Bihar, Begusarai, 10.vi. 1998, A.A. Haider (ZDAMU). Host. Chilo partellus Swinhoe; not recorded from India. Distribution. India (Bihar), Afrotropical (Comores).Published as part of Haider, A. A., Ahmad, Z. & Shujauddin, 2004, Taxonomic studies on Indian Tropobracon Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Braconinae), with descriptions of two new species, pp. 1-8 in Zootaxa 663 on page 3, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15868
Hydraulic simulations to evaluate and predict design and operation of the Chashma Right Bank Canal
No full textIrrigation systems / Irrigation canals / Flow control / Velocity / Canal regulation techniques / Hydraulics / Simulation models / Design / Operations / Crop-based irrigation / Distributary canals / Water delivery / Policy / Protective irrigation / Water allocation / Water requirements / Sedimentation / Water distribution / Equity / Water conveyance / Pakistan / Chashma Right Bank Canal
Tropobracon luteus Cameron
No full textTropobracon luteus Cameron Tropobracon luteus Cameron, 1905: 91 Shirakia schoenobii Viereck, 1913: 643; Synonymy by Delfinado, 1959: 349 Bracon dorsalis Matsumura, 1910: 49; Synonymy by Achterberg, 1993: 58 Tropobracon luteus var. indicus Ayyar, 1928: 39; Synonymy by Achterberg, 1993: 58 Tropobracon luteus Cameron; Achterberg, 1993: 58 Material examined. 6 females, 1 male, INDIA: Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 20.vii. 1997, A.A. Haider (ZDAMU); 12 females, 2 males, INDIA: Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 01.ix. 1999, A.A. Haider (ZDAMU). Host. Scirpophaga and Chilo spp. Distribution. India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh), Pakistan, Indonesia, Taiwan, S. China.Published as part of Haider, A. A., Ahmad, Z. & Shujauddin, 2004, Taxonomic studies on Indian Tropobracon Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Braconinae), with descriptions of two new species, pp. 1-8 in Zootaxa 663 on page 5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15868
FIGURES 7–16 in Taxonomic studies on Indian Tropobracon Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Braconinae), with descriptions of two new species
No full textFIGURES 7–16: Tropobracon shafeei Haider sp. nov., Female. 7. Fore wing; 8. Hind wing; 9. Head, dorsal aspect; 10. Mesosoma; 11. Head, frontal aspect; 12. Metasomal tergites 1st3rd; 13. Hind leg; 14. Antenna; 15. Tarsal claws with basal lobes; 16. Ovipositor and ovipositor sheaths. Scale: 1.0 mm.Published as part of Haider, A. A., Ahmad, Z. & Shujauddin, 2004, Taxonomic studies on Indian Tropobracon Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Braconinae), with descriptions of two new species, pp. 1-8 in Zootaxa 663 on page 6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15868
4-Methylbenzyl 4-aminobenzoate
No full textThe dihedral angle between the two benzene rings in the title compound, C15H15NO2, is 65.28 (12)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by N—H ... N and N—H ... O hydrogen bonds, leading to the formation of supramolecular chains along the a-axis direction
Tropobracon infuscatus Achterberg
No full text<i>Tropobracon infuscatus</i> Achterberg <p> <i>Tropobracon infuscatus</i> Achterberg, 1993: 56</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. 5 females, INDIA: Andhra Pradesh, Guntur, 05.viii.1998, A.A. Haider (ZDAMU).</p> <p> <b>Host</b>. Unidentified rice stem borer; not recorded from India. <b>Distribution</b>. India (Andhra Pradesh), Hong­Kong.</p>Published as part of <i>Haider, A. A., Ahmad, Z. & Shujauddin, 2004, Taxonomic studies on Indian Tropobracon Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Braconinae), with descriptions of two new species, pp. 1-8 in Zootaxa 663</i> on page 5, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/158686">10.5281/zenodo.158686</a>
Tropobracon Cameron
No full textKey to the Indian species of Tropobracon Cameron 1. Vein 1 rm of hind wing about as long as vein 2 SC+R; vein cua of fore wing more or less antefurcal, postfurcal or subinterstitial............................................................... 2 Vein 1 rm of hind wing about 2 times longer than vein 2 SC+R; vein cua of fore wing distinctly interstitial ................................................................. T. shafeei Haider sp. nov. 2. Vein 1 SC+R of hind wing about as wide as vein 1 rm; anterior half of propodeum reticulate or granulate.................................................................................................... 3 Vein 1 SC+R of hind wing distinctly narrower than vein 1 rm; anterior half of propodeum granulate and mat................................................................................................ 4 3. Face largely dark brown; vein cua of fore wing subinterstitial; propodeum granulate .................................................................................................. T. infuscatus Achterberg Face completely yellowish; vein cua of fore wing antefurcal; propodeum distinctly reticulate............................................................................................. T. luteus Cameron 4. Vein cua of fore wing postfurcal; lateral grooves of median area of second tergite wide, widely crenulate and united in basal half of tergite, resulting in a comparatively small triangular area .............................................................. T. comorensis Achterberg Vein cua of fore wing antefurcal; lateral grooves of median area of second tergite narrow, coarsely crenulate and meeting each other at the second metasomal suture, forming a large triangular area ......................................................... T. hayati Haider sp. nov.Published as part of Haider, A. A., Ahmad, Z. & Shujauddin, 2004, Taxonomic studies on Indian Tropobracon Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Braconinae), with descriptions of two new species, pp. 1-8 in Zootaxa 663 on page 2, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15868
Cloning and heterologous expression of an insecticidal delta-endotoxin gene from Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai ICI toxic to both lepidoptera and diptera
No full textBacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai ICI synthesises an insecticidal protein δ-endotoxin (130-135 kDa) that is toxic to both lepidopteran and dipteran larvae, and cross-reacts immunologically with certain monospecific lepidopteran toxins. A 166-kb plasmid from this bacterium was found to hybridise with an intragenic probe derived from the cloned B. thuringiensis var. sotto lepidopteran-specific δ-endotoxin gene. A strongly hybridising 5.2-kb Sst I fragment from var. aizawai plasmid DNA was cloned in pUC18. After subcloning of this DNA in Escherichia coli, recombinants were obtained that synthesised large amounts of a 130-135-kDa protein. The protein was deposited in the cytoplasm as microscopically visible inclusion bodies and lysates of these cells were found to be toxic to both lepidopteran and dipteran larvae by comparison with controls. The structural basis for the dual specificity of this var. aizawai toxin is now amenable to further study.</p
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