593 research outputs found
Crystalline phase, surface morphology and electrical properties of monovalent-doped Nd0.75Na0.25Mn1-yCoyO3 manganites
No full textPerovskite-type manganites Nd0.75Na0.25Mn1-yCoyO3 (y = 0 – 0.05) have been investigated to clarify the influence of Co-doped on crystal phase and morphological study as well as electrical transport properties. The Nd0.75Na0.25Mn1-yCoyO3 samples are prepared via solid state synthesis method. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed all the samples are essentially single phased and the peaks are indexed to an orthorhombic structure with Pnma space. The morphological study from scanning electron microscope shows the improvement of the grains boundaries and sizes as well as the compaction of particles can be seen as cobalt doping increased. On the other hand, the temperature dependence of electrical resistivity measurements using four-point-probe technique indicates all samples maintained an insulator like behaviour down to low temperature. Analysis of the resistivity change with respect to temperature, dlnρ/dT-1 versus T reveals a slope changes of resistivity has been observed and a boarder peak exist for y = 0 sample and the peaks become significantly obvious for y = 0.02 and 0.05 samples. The peaks are observed in the range of charge ordering (CO) transition indicate the existence of CO in the system
Targeted Delivery of Insulin by Psyllium Plant (Plantago ispaghula) based hydrogels/membranes
No full textDevelopments in therapeutics are the need of hour for
the benefit of mankind and to increase the quality of life. Diabetes
mellitus is a non-curable disease affecting a great amount of world’s
population. This genetic disorder gets worse with time and
ultimately leads to various complications like renal failure, lower
limb amputation, heart diseases and blindness. Hydrogels for quite
recent time are being used for the drug delivery. The present article
is related to the fabrication of psyllium based dermal patches insulin
drug delivery system that could release insulin in a sustained and
controlled manner. Psyllium, a natural polysaccharide, is a
medicinally important dietary fiber and drug delivery system has
developed a novel insulin loaded psyllium based hydrogels for
glucose lowering. They can be used for the transdermal delivery of
insulin as hypodermic administration of insulin is painful,
complicated, can also results in allergic reactions and infections. For
the sustained and steady release of insulin from fabricated hydrogels
were also modified with the addition of graphene oxide
nanoparticles. To study the structural aspects of these various
polymeric networks thus formed were characterized with FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) and SEM (Scanning
electron microscopy) which identifies the interaction/bonding
among different functional groups and also indicating the layer of
graphene oxide nanoparticles on the surface of hydrogels stage and
release related experiments such as degradability, swelling kinetics,
swelling ratio and drug kinetics were also performed. Because of its
functionalization these unique 3D drug loaded polymeric hydrogels
will have the double prospective of diabetes. Different types of
psyllium based hydrogels were prepared, and the effect of ph on the
release dynamics of insulin from drug loaded hydrogels has been
studied to evaluate the drug release mechanism in-vitro and in-vivo.
For in-vivo study avian skin was used a model. Fickian diffusion
mechanism has been observed for the release of insulin at different
ph both in and in-vivo and therefore these drug loaded hydrogels can
be potentially used to develop pH-sensitive systems. Keeping in
view the results of different analysis it can be concluded that these
hydrogels can prove to be very useful for the treatment of diabetes
mellitus
Conversion of African Americans to Islam : a sociological analysis of the Nation of Islam and associated groups
No full text'Conversion of African Americans to Islam: A Sociological Analysis of the Nation of
Islam Associated groups' is an empirical study of the religious experience of people
who had/have distinctive features in terms of race, ethnicity and historical experience.
The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate how African Americans' (AAs) conversion
experience in general, and the Nation of Islam associated groups' conversion in
particular, differ from the studies of recruitment and conversion in the sociology of
religion and New Religion Movements (NRMs). More specifically, their recruitment
and conversion experiences to Islam diverge from those who converted to mainstream
Islam. The study investigates how AAs' historical experience, soci-economic
difficulties and the racism they encountered shaped and influenced their religious
understanding.
Research methods involved participant observations, a survey questionnaire, interviews,
conversations, personal communications and correspondence. To collect ethnographic
data eleven months field research was conducted mainly in the Chicago area and on two
short visits to Detroit, and three years continued communications with Muslim officials
and academics in the area. During the field research and afterwards through personal
communication 181 survey questionnaire responses were received, and 23 Muslim
officials, academics and ordinary Muslims were interviewed through semi-structured,
unstructured interviews, conversation and correspondence.
The thesis begins with a brief history of Islam and Muslims in general and the African
American Muslims (AAMs) in particular. More emphasis is given on the historical
development of the Nation of Islam (NOl). Then in Chapter III, discussions of schisms
in the history of the NOT are examined from sociological perspectives of social and
religious movements. In Chapter IV I aimed to formulate my own perspective to
analyse and study the conversion experiences of AAMs to Islam. I used a multivariate
approach, considering selectively widely held conversion and recruitment theories in the
sociology of the religion. I consider in Chapter V the predisposing conditions for AAMs
that influence their decision-making to join in the NOT, for example, political and
nationalistic sentiments and socio-economic deprivations. In Chapter VI I have applied
different terms to describe their religious experiences, such as conversion, alteration and
reversion. I have analysed further their encounters with the NOT, the methods of
recruitment they used and their major motives for joining the NOT and converting to
Tslam. In the concluding chapters (Chapter VII VTTT) I describe the different responses
of AAMS to Islam following the death of Elijah Muhammad. It is found out that the
Islamic appeal has polarised. While Farakhan's NOT appeared to continue the tradition
and style of the old NOI with the emphasis on nationalistic and socio-economic factors,
Tmam W. D. Mohammed's community turned more to the religious and spiritual aspects
of Tslam. These different approaches led to a polarisation of the appeal of Tslam to
AAMS.
This thesis contributes to knowledge in four key areas; the sociology of religion and
religious movements, the sociology of social and nationalistic movements, religious and
Islamic studies
Soil Nutrient Availability, Plant Nutrient Uptake, and Wild Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) Yield in Response to N-Viro Biosolids and Irrigation Applications
No full textWe compared the impact of surface broadcasted N-Viro biosolids and inorganic fertilizer (16.5% Ammonium sulphate, 34.5% Diammonium phosphate, 4.5% Potash, and 44.5% s and/or clay filler) applications on soil properties and nutrients, leaf nutrient concentration, and the fruit yield of lowbush blueberry under irrigated and nonirrigated conditions during 2008-2009 at Debert, NS, Canada. Application rates of N-Viro biosolids were more than double of inorganic fertilizer applied at a recommended N rate of 32 kg ha−1. The experimental treatments NI: N-Viro with irrigation, FI: inorganic fertilizer with irrigation, N: N-Viro without irrigation, and F: inorganic fertilizer without irrigation (control) were replicated four times under a randomized complete block design. The NI treatment had the highest OM (6.68%) followed by FI (6.32%), N (6.18%), and F (4.43%) treatments during the year 2008. Similar trends were observed during 2009 with the highest soil OM values (5.50%) for NI treatment. Supplemental irrigation resulted in a 21% increase in the ripe fruit yield. Nonsignificant effect of fertilizer treatments on most of the nutrient concentrations in soil and plant leaves, and on ripe fruits yield reflects that the performance of N-Viro was comparable with that of the inorganic fertilizer used in this study
Ghargham Hajiya Kaltume Bulama Gana (The biography of Hajiya Kaltume Bulama Gana)
No full textThe entire document is available for download as a single PDF file. Higher-resolution images may be available upon request. For technical assistance, please contact [email protected]. Fieldwork Team: Dr. Mustapha Hashim Kurfi (Principal Investigator), Hauwa Usman (Local Project Manager), Alhaji Abubakar Maikudi Aishat (General Field Facilitator). Technical Team: Prof. Fallou Ngom (Project Director and former Director of the African Studies Center), and Eleni Castrol (Technical Lead, BU Libraries). These collections on Gender in Nigerian Ajami Manuscripts are copied as part of the African Studies Center’s African Ajami Library. Access Condition and Copyright: These materials are subject to copyright. All rights reserved to the author. For use, distribution or reproduction contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]). Required Citation: Kurfi, M. H., Hauwa U., Ngom, F., and Castro, E. (2020). African Ajami Library: Gender in Nigerian Ajami Manuscripts. Boston: Boston University Libraries: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/41953. For Inquiries: Please Contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]).Provenance / Custodial history: This manuscript is owned and authored by Professor Aliyu Muhammad of the Department of Arts, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria in Kaduna state, Nigeria. The owner documented and wrote about the life and works of Hajiya Kaltume Bulama Gana. Written in the Mashriqi script, the document is complete and is typed.This document deals with the biography of Hajiya Kaltume Bulama Gana, a Northern Nigerian Muslim woman who is educated in and practicing Islamic arts as a profession. She established a non-profit organization that educates children, including young women and girls affected by the Boko Haram insurgency so that they can become self-reliant and acquire new vocational skills. Written in 2019, this Kanuri Ajami text contains two parts: The first part deals with the life and works of Hajiya Kaltume Bulama Gana, and the second is an interview transcript with her. In the interview, she discusses her non-profit organization, her Herwa Heart of Art Initiative. This part provides details on how she established the organization and her successes and challenges. In the last part of the interview, she discusses how philanthropists and the general public can support her organization in order to use the arts to assist the orphans and children displaced and traumatized by Boko Haram in Borno state and beyond.The contents of this collection were developed with support of the Title VI National Resource Center grant # P015A180164 from the U.S. Department of Education. However, those contents do not necessarily represent the policy of the U.S. Department of Education, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government
Ibn Jinni's Role And Contributions To Arabic Semantics [PJ6184. R165 2007 f rb].
No full textKajian ini menganalisis peranan dan sumbangan Ibn Jinni terhadap semantik Arab melalui tinjauan idea-idea dan pandangan-pandangannya yang terdapat dalam buku-bukunya seperti, “al-Muhtasab” – Perbendaharaan -, “al-Hasais” –
Yang Tertentu -, dan “al-Munsif” – Manusia yang Adil. Kajian ini juga membincangkan pandangan dan idea Ibn Jinni terhadap isu-isu tertentu tentang semantik, seperti semantik sosial, semantik morfologi, semantik fonetik, dan
semantik tatabahasa.
This study analyzes Ibn Jinni’s role and contribution to Arabic semantics by surveying his ideas and opinions presented in his books, such as “al Muhtasab”- The Treasurer-, “al-Hasa’is”-The Particularity-, and “al- Munsif”-The Just Man. It discusses Ibn Jinni’s opinions on certain issues of semantics, such as, social semantics, morphological semantics, phonetic semantics, and grammatical semantics
The Implementation of Modified Questioning The Author (MQTA) Strategy to Improve Students’ Reading Comprehension
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan i) untuk mengetahui perbedaan prestasi membaca komprehensif antara siswa yang diajar dengan strategi Questioning the Author (QtA) dan strategi Modified Questioning the Author (MQtA), ii) untuk mengetahui aspek mmbaca yang paling meningkat nilainya setelah penerapan strategi QtA dan MQtA , dan iii) untuk mengetahui respon siswa terhadap penerapan strategi MQtA. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas delapan SMP IT Ar Raihan Bandar Lampung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa i) ada perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistik dalam kemampuan membaca antara siswa yang diajar dengan strategi QtA dan strategi MQtA, ii) Dari lima aspek membaca comprehensif; menentukan Main idea, Supporting details, References, Inferences dan Vocabulries, aspek membaca yang memperoleh nilai tertinggi pada group eksperimen adalah menentukan Main idea dan Inferences sedangkan pada grup kontrol adalah menentukan References, dan iii) respon siswa terhadap penerapan strategi MQtA adalah positif. Ini menunjukkan bahwa strategi MQtA lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan strategi QtA untuk meningkatkan prestasi membaca komprehensif siswa . Namun, kedua strategi dapat diterapkan pada semua kelas dengan kondisi dan latar belakang pengetahuan yang berbeda.This study was aimed i) to find out whether there was a difference of students’ reading achievement between students taught by using Questioning the Author (QtA) and those taught by using Modified Questioning the Author (MQtA), ii) to find out aspect of reading comprehension which score mostly increased after the implementation of QtA and MQtA, and iii) to find out the students’ responses toward the implementation of MQtA. The subjects of this research were the eighth grade students of SMP IT Ar Raihan Bandar Lampung. The result showed that i) there was a statistically significant difference in students’ reading comprehension achievement between students taught by using QtA and those taught by using MQtA, ii) from five aspects of reading comprehension; determining Main idea, Supporting details, Reference, Inferences and Vocabularies, the reading aspect which gained highest score in experimental group was in determining Main idea and Inferences, while in control group it was in determining References, and iii) the students’ responses toward the implementation of MQtA was positive. It can be said that MQtA strategy is more effective to increase the students’ reading comprehension achievement. However both QtA and MQtA can be implemented to every classroom with different students’ situation and background knowledge. Keywords: Modified Questioning the Author (MQtA), questioning the author (QtA), reading comprehension achievement
The Image of Muhammad in European Literature: Comparison with Islam Literature
No full textBakalaura darba nosaukums ir “Muhammada tēls Eiropas literatūrā: salīdzinājums ar islāma literatūru”. Darbā tiek apskatīts kā veidojies Muhammada tēls viduslaiku Eiropā un kāds tas ir mūsdienu Eiropas un ASV literatūrā. Mūsdienu Eiropas un ASV Muhammada tēls arīdzan tiek salīdzināts ar islāma Muhammada tēlu. Darba 1. nodaļā apskatīta Muhammada nozīme musulmaņu kultūrā, musulmaņu literatūrā aprakstīts Muhammada raksturojums un morālās īpašības, Muhammada nozīme islāmā un ietekme uz arābu kultūru, un kristietības un jūdaisma ietekme uz islāmu. Darba 2. nodaļā apskatīta izpratne par Muhammadu Eiropā, pirmie Eiropas iespaidi un ziņas par pravieti, salīdzināts kristietības pravietis Jēzus Kristus ar islāma pravieti Muhammadu. Otrās nodaļas pēdējā nodaļā apskatīta islāma ietekme uz Eiropas attīstību. Darba 3. nodaļā apskatīts Muhammada tēls mūsdienu Eiropas un ASV literatūrā, kas salīdzināts ar Muhammada tēlu islāmā, apskatīti negatīvās attieksmes cēloņi pret Muhammadu un islāmu. Šīs nodaļas pēdējā nodaļa veltīta, lai apskatītu musulmaņu pretreakcijas un politkorektumu. Darbā tika izmantoti Buhārī un Muslima krājumu hadīsu apkopojumi, U. Bērziņa Korāna atdzejojums no arābu valodas, Bībele, zinātniskā un sekundārā literatūra un internetā pieejamie avoti. Darba autore izmantoja Korāna izpēti, Buhārī un Muslima krājumu hadīsu analīzi Bībeles analīzi. Darbā tika izmantota arī vēsturiski kritiskā pētījuma metode, lai analizētu izvēlētos literatūras avotus. Darba autores mērķis ir uzzināt kādi Eiropā ir bijuši pirmie iespaidi par Muhammadu, noskaidrot, kā šie iespaidi ir mainījušies mūsdienu Eiropas literatūrā, klāt apskatot arī mūsdienu ASV autoru izteiktos viedokļus par Muhammadu. Darba pēdējā nodaļā mūsdienu Eiropas un ASV literatūras autoru viedokļi tiek salīdzināti ar musulmaņu autoru uzskatiem par Muhammadu, lai izvērtētu dažādo kultūru mūsdienu skatījumu uz Muhammadu. Darbs sastāv no ievada, 3 nodaļām, 22 apakšnodaļām, secinājumiem, kopsavilkuma latviešu un angļu valodā, un izmantotās literatūras saraksta.The topic of this research paper is “The Image of Muhammad in European Literature: Comparison With Islam Literature”. The research paper analyzes how the image of Muhammad appeared in Medieval Europe, explores how nowadays Muhammad is viewed in European and USA literature and compares the new-found image of Europe and USA to the image of Muhammad in Islam. The first chapter deals with the importance of Muhammad in muslim culture, tries to understand how in muslim literature Muhammad is depicted in his character and moral norms, analyzes the importance of Muhammad in Islam and arabic culture, and tries to understand how christianity and judaism have affected Islam. The second chapter covers the understanding of Muhammad in Europe, tries to cognize the first impression of Muhammad in Medieval Europe, compares Jesus Christ to the Messenger of Islam – Muhammad, and views the impact of Islam in the development of Europe. The third chapter is about the image of Muhammad in European and USA newest literature, which is compared to image of Muhammad in Islam. The chapter also views the causes of the negative view on Islam and Muhammad and explores muslim reactions against discrimination, vilified depictions of Muhammad and political correctness. The research used Bukhari and Muslim hadiths, Quran translated in latvian by U. Bērziņš, Old and New Testament, academic and secondary literaure, and sources that are available in Internet. The author in research used the analysis of Quran, Bukhari and Muslim hadiths, Bible, academic and secondary literature, as well as Internet sources. Author used historically critical research method in the analysis of the literature. The aim of the work is to find out about the first impressions of Muhammad in Medieval Europe, understand if the impressions have changed and how Muhammad is viewed nowadays in European and USA literature. The aim is also to compare the new image of Muhammad in European and USA literature to Islam literaure. The work contains introduction, 3 chapters, 22 subchapters, conclusion, summary in english and latvian, and bibliography
The role of the accused in English and Islamic criminal justice
No full textThis thesis is a comparative study of the role of the accused in the systems of
English and Islamic criminal justice. It seeks to explore the underlying
relationship between the individual and the state through an historical, structural
and contextual analysis of their rules relating to questioning and of confessions.
The analysis of the English system covers the period 1800 to 1984, with
particular reference to developments during the nineteenth century when the
foundations for the modern English state were established. The analysis of the
Islamic system combines traditionally Islamic and modern methods, assessing the
"Islamisation" movement in Malaysia through a religico-structural understanding
of juristic opinion from the four main schools of Sunnite jurisprudence.
The thesis contributes to existing knowledge on a number of levels: first, it
questions and revises the "myth" of "progress" that has dominated observations
of the history of the English criminal justice system; second, it elucidates the
relationship between Islamic law in theory and the law that is applied and
proposed in its name in Muslim states; third, it provides an analytical framework
for drawing comparisons between the underlying values of the systems of English
and Islamic criminal justice.
While acknowledging fundamental differences in terms of outlook and
articulation, the author concludes there are important similarities expressed
through such notions as "suspect" in the English system and "kafir"I"fasiq" in the
Islamic. These act as intermediate constitutional categories to whom the state
owe less protection. But the author notes also that these similarities are not
observed necessarily in the "law" which is implemented or proposed in Muslim
states; exact correspondence depends upon the over-arching political structure
and the institution of Caliphate.
The thesis is divided into six chapters: chapter one sets out the conventional view
of the historical development of English criminal procedure and evidence;
chapter two subjects that to a critique and chapter three offers a revised thesis.
Chapter four, explores methods for interpreting and explaining Islam; chapter
five sets out rules relating to confessions and questioning according to the four
Sunni schools; chapter six puts them into "context" through an examination of
the "Islamisation" process in Malaysia
Near-capacity iterative decoding of binary self-concatenated codes using soft decision demapping and 3-D EXIT charts
No full textIn this paper 3-D Extrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) charts are used to design binary Self-Concatenated Convolutional Codes employing Iterative Decoding (SECCC-ID), exchanging extrinsic information with the soft-decision demapper to approach the channel capacity. Recursive Systematic Convolutional (RSC) codes are selected as constituent codes, an interleaver is used for randomising the extrinsic information exchange of the constituent codes, while a puncturer helps to increase the achievable bandwidth efficiency. The convergence behaviour of the decoder is analysed with the aid of bit-based 3-D EXIT charts, for accurately calculating the operating EbN0 threshold, especially when SP based soft demapper is employed. Finally, we propose an attractive system configuration, which is capable of operating within about 1 dB from the channel capacity
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