122,295 research outputs found
Replication Data for: The Gendered Effects of Violence on Political Engagement
No full textHow does civil conflict affect political engagement? As violence of various forms -- from war to terrorism -- is becoming more frequent even in the developed world, understanding its political consequences is a pressing concern. We argue that violence makes citizens view politics as more combative and aggressive. Because the traits that align with these perceptions (e.g., dominance, aggressiveness, decisiveness) are associated more with masculinity than femininity, we hypothesize that violence increases engagement among men while reducing it among women. To test our argument, we conduct an experiment in Bosnia (N=1,125), the site of a major ethnic civil war in 1992-1995. The evidence confirms that past violence, when made salient, leads women to express significantly less and men significantly more desire to engage in politics. We conclude from these findings that violent conflict can introduce disparities in political engagement across gender, underscoring a significant challenge policymakers face in post-conflict societies
Detection of hepatitis B virus pre-S1 and pre-S2 determinants in paraffin wax embedded liver tissue: importance of reagents used.
No full text
Hepatobiliary scintigraphy after Kasai procedure for biliary atresia: clinical correlation and prognostic value
No full textBackground/Purpose: Kasai portoenterostomy (KP) is regarded as first-line treatment for biliary atresia, although its postoperative course is often unpredictable. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy using technetium-labeled iminodiacetic acid derivatives offers a dynamic, objective assessment both of parenchymal liver function and restored biliary excretion. The value of postoperative radionuclide scans was assessed prospectively in a large population of post-KP infants. Methods: Radionuclide scans consisted of an intravenous dose of 20 MBq of Tc-99m mebrofenin iminodiacetic acid and subsequent gamma camera imaging. Four scan variables were evaluated: the hepatic extraction fraction (HEF; ie, initial liver uptake divided by the peak vascular uptake), the half-life of tracer excretion (TEX), the shape of the excretion curve, and the presence of activity in the Roux loop at 4 hours postinjection. All infants had type 3 biliary atresia with a median age at KP of 59 days (24-120 days). To assess predictive value, outcome (clearance of jaundice and need for transplant) was assessed at 6 months (for 1-week scan) and 2 years (for 6-month scan). Results: Eighty-seven infants underwent a radionuclide scan at 1 week post-KP. The median HEF was 34% (10%-90%). No relationship could be identified between HEF (P = .2) or excretion curve shape (P = .9) and outcome (at 6 months), and there were too few examples of a measurable TEX to allow meaningful comparison. The only predictive element at this time point was Roux loop activity (positive predictive value, 79%; negative predictive value, 53%; for "good" isotope bowel activity). Forty-four infants completed a second scan at 6 months. Median HEF increased from a baseline of 37% (11%-90%) to 64% (8%-100%) (P <.0001), although there was no significant intercorrelation (P = .12). The most predictive variables (of outcome at 2 years) were curve shape (positive predictive value, = 95%, negative predictive value, 82%) and TEX, and the least predictive was now Roux loop activity. Conclusions: Early (at 7 days) hepatic scintigraphy is not predictive of poor outcome in general, although Roux loop activity does indicate later success. Later hepatic scintigraphy (at 6 months) allows a detailed assessment of dynamic liver function with biliary excretion variables predictive of outcome in the medium term. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserve
A Multi-Language Comparison of Influences on Author Verification using Character N-Grams
No full textWe create a new multi-language corpus for author verification based on Wikipedia talkpages, and evaluate the influence that differences in topic and time have on character n-gram author profiles. Topic alignment between two texts is found to increase author verification precision, and an authors writing style is found to change over time, but not more significantly after 3 years than after 1 year.Information ArchitectureWISElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
Three Fold System (3FS) for mental health domain
No full textAlong with an increase in the number of mentally ill people, research into all aspects of mental health has increased in recent years. In all disciplines information is the key to success but major problems adversely affect the efficiency and effectiveness that available mental health information is used. These relate to the lack of existing infrastructure to support effective access and information retrieval, and lack of tools to analyze the available information and derive useful knowledge from it. In this paper we explain how the ontology, multi-agent system and data mining technologies can be implemented within the mental health domain to effectively address these issues. The synergy of these frontier technologies may result in an intelligent information infrastructure that provides effective and efficient use of all available information
Serological markers of coeliac disease in children with autoimmune hepatitis. [Marqueurs sérologiques de la maladie cœliaque chez les enfants porteurs d'une hépatite auto-immune]
No full text- …
