178,182 research outputs found
Charles Hackney, 1952 Freshman
No full textCharles Hackney was a freshman at Jacksonville State Teachers College in 1951-1952. He was also the President of the class.https://digitalcommons.jsu.edu/lib-ac-histimg/6207/thumbnail.jp
Modelling the effects of climate change and sea level rise on the evolution of incised coastal gullies
No full textUnder projections of future (next ~100 years) anthropogenic climate change, it is predicted that marked changes in environmental driving conditions, with relation to baseline (1961 - 1990) climates, will be experienced. Such changes have the potential to induce substantial geomorphological and ecological change. Numerical models of landscape evolution provide powerful tools to assess the impacts that environmental changes may have on landscape morphology. Accordingly, this research seeks to utilise landscape evolution models (LEMs) to understand how projected changes in climate will affect the geomorphic response of a series of incised coastal gullies found on the Isle of Wight, UK. Incised coastal gullies are known to be dynamic and sensitive landscape features which intersect the terrestrial - marine boundary; as such their evolution is influenced by changes in both terrestrial (i.e. precipitation) and maritime (i.e. sea level and wave height) climates. In order to ensure the processes driving incised coastal gully evolution are represented within the LEM, an existing LEM was modified to include processes of soft cliff erosion. This represents the first such inclusion of coastal processes within a LEM framework. The modified LEM was forced with ensemble projections of precipitation, sea level and wave height downscaled from HadCM3 and CGCM2 Global Climate Model (GCM) outputs for two emissions scenarios (A2 and B2). Comparison against a baseline scenario based on the 1961-1990 climatology allows for climate induced changes in system response to be quantified. To constrain the uncertainties associated with the application of landscape models and downscaled GCM data, a Monte Carlo analysis framework is employed, resulting in ~22000 model runs. This method also permits the development of probabilistic results describing geomorphological change in gully systems. Results suggest that the likelihood of extreme loss in gully extent will increase by up to 61%. Furthermore, it is projected that extreme rates of coastal erosion will increase by 22% by 2100 (under HadCM3 runs forced with the A2 emissions scenario). However, under certain scenarios the possibility of extension of the gully systems exists, with likely (>66% probability) increases in gully length of 13.7 m projected under CGCM2 runs forced with the A2 emissions scenario. The novel application of a Monte Carlo methodology with a LEM framework permits the identification of key climatic parameters responsible for causing extreme changes within these gully systems, allowing the relative importance of each climate parameter in driving incised coastal gully evolution to be assessed. Furthermore, the successful application of this technique suggests it may be applicableto other studies applying LEMs to scenarios of future climate change
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Under Cover of Science ::American Legal-Economic Theory and the Quest for Objectivity /
No full textFor more than two decades, the law and economics movement has been one of the most influential and controversial schools of thought in American jurisprudence. In this authoritative intellectual history, James R. Hackney Jr. situates the modern law and economics movement within the trajectory of American jurisprudence from the early days of the Republic to the present. Hackney is particularly interested in the claims of objectivity or empiricism asserted by proponents of law and economics. He argues that the incorporation of economic analysis into legal decision making is not an inherently objective enterprise. Rather, law and economics often cloaks ideological determinations-particularly regarding the distribution of wealth-under the cover of science.Hackney demonstrates how legal-economic thought has been affected by the prevailing philosophical ideas about objectivity, which have in turn evolved in response to groundbreaking scientific discoveries. Thus Hackney's narrative is a history not only of law and economics but also of select strands of philosophy and science. He traces forward from the seventeenth-century the interaction of legal thinking and economic analysis with ideas about the attainability of certitude. The principal legal-economic theories Hackney examines are those that emerged from classical legal thought, legal realism, law and neoclassical economics, and critical legal studies. He links these theories respectively to formalism, pragmatism, the analytic turn, and neopragmatism/postmodernism, and he explains how each of these schools of philosophical thought was influenced by specific scientific discoveries: Newtonian physics, Darwin's theory of evolution, Einstein's theories of relativity, and quantum mechanics. Under Cover of Science challenges claims that the contemporary law and economics movement is an objective endeavor by historicizing ideas about certitude and empiricism and their relation to legal-economic thought
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Legal intellectuals in conversation ::reflections on the construction of contemporary American legal theory /
No full textIn this volume, James Hackney invites readers to enter the minds of ten legal experts that in the late 20th century changed the way we understand and use theory in law today
Families’ and children’s experience of sport and informal activity in Olympic areas of the East End.
No full textSport England is interested to know how families with children experience the following aspects of neighbourhood life: involvement in sport; access to facilities; activities for young people; and the engagement of young people in poor areas in the Olympic development. Sport England wanted evidence from our research tracking the experiences of one hundred families in the Hackney and Newham areas, close to the Olympic development. This study aims to uncover how bringing up children is affected by area conditions. The announcement of London’s successful Olympic bid appears to have provoked great interest in many of East London’s local communities. These events coincided with our entering the seventh round of our longitudinal study of families in deprived areas of Hackney and Newham. The families had expressed a high level of concern for young people as they matured beyond the bounds of the immediate family, but found very little to do within the areas they lived in. At the same time they had far too limited resources to be able to travel outside the areas to do constructive activities, as well as having related concerns over time constraints and travelling to unfamiliar locations. As a result, many young people in these areas simply hang around on the streets, either directly causing problems, or more likely creating a threatening environment for adults and local children. There is a high level of economic inactivity, truancy, and lack of access to jobs. The fear for the future of young people in these areas and their circumstances is acute. Local conditions, experiences and attitudes strongly shape and constrain young people’s active engagement in sport. The chair of Sport England asked us to help Sport England by adding questions specifically about the Olympics and about youth participation in sport to our last round of interviews. We also offered to re-examine questions that we had already asked (including data from interviews with one hundred families living in the north of England in a parallel study) relating to outdoor activity, local facilities, and the more general informal provision for children and young people that helped them to socialise.
Landscapes on the edge: examining the role of climatic interactions in shaping coastal watersheds using a coastal-terrestrial landscape evolution model
No full textIncised coastal gullies (ICGs) are dynamic features found at the terrestrial-coastal interface. Their geomorphic evolution is driven by the interactions between processes of fluvial knickpoint migration and coastal cliff erosion. Under scenarios of future climate change the frequency and magnitude of the climatological drivers of both terrestrial (fluvial and hillslope) and coastal (cliff erosion) processes are likely to change, with an adjunct impact on these types of coastal features. Here we explore the response of an incised coastal gully to changes in both terrestrial and coastal climate in order to elucidate the key process interactions which drive ICG evolution.We modify an extant landscape evolution model, CHILD, to incorporate processes of soft-cliff erosion. This modified version, termed the Coastal-Terrestrial-CHILD (CT-CHILD) model, is then employed to explore the interactions between changing terrestrial and coastal driving forces on the future evolution of an ICG found on the south west Isle of Wight, UK. It was found that the magnitude and frequency of storm events will play a key role in determining the future trajectory of ICGs, highlighting a need to understand the role of event sequencing in future projections of landscape evolution. Furthermore, synergistic (positive) and antagonistic (negative) interactions were identified between coastal and terrestrial parameters, such as wave height intensity and precipitation duration, which act to modulate the impact of changes in any one parameter. Of note was the role played by wave height intensity in driving coastal erosion, which was found to play a more important role than sea-level rise in determining rates of coastal erosion. This highlights the need for a greater focus on wave height in studies of soft-cliff erosion
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Modelling the response of soft cliffs to climate change: a statistical, process-response model using accumulated excess energy
No full textWater and suspended sediment discharges for the Mekong Delta, Vietnam (2005-2015)
No full textThis dataset describes hourly time series of discharge and suspended sediment flux at four sites in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (Chau Doc, Tan Chau, Can Tho and My Thaun) for the period 2005 – 2015. This data was calculated from historic Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (aDcp)data obtained as part of routine flood monitoring conducted by the Vietnamese Hydrological Agency. The data were collated by the authors.
The data were processed to back out sediment fluxes through the delta through calibration of the acoustic backscatter signal to suspended sediment concentrations collected in Chau Doc (May 2017) and Can Tho (September 2017). For each aDcp instrument acoustic backscatter signal was calibrated to observed suspended sediment concentrations (SSCs). These concentrations values were then matched to measured acoustic backscatter values (dB) from the depth at which each sample was taken to generate power law calibration curves. To generate daily fluxes, the point specific ADCP fluxes were used to generate sediment ratings curves between sediment flux (kg/s) and discharge (m3/s). These ratings curves were then propagated over recorded daily discharge values measured by the Vietnamese hydrological agency to provide daily fluxes over the period of record.
The work was funded through NERC grant reference NE/P008100/1 - Deciphering the dominant drivers of contemporary relative sea-level change: Analysing sediment deposition and subsidence in a vulnerable mega-delta</span
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
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