304 research outputs found
Towards efficient methods for stereo image processing, coding and quality assessment
No full textLes récents développements des technologies de l’imagerie 3D et en particulier la stéréoscopie ont ouvert de nouveaux horizons dans de nombreux domaines d’application tels que la TV 3D, le cinéma 3D, les jeux vidéo et la vidéoconférence. Ces avancées technologiques ont soulevé plusieurs défis aussi bien sur le plan théorique que pratique et en particulier dans le domaine du codage des données 3D. En effet, l’énorme quantité d’information issue des systèmes d’acquisition requiert des solutions efficaces pour la coder et la transmettre. L’objectif de cette thèse est le développement de méthodes pour optimiser les principales étapes de la chaine de traitement et transmission d’images stéréoscopiques. Nous nous limitons dans ce travail au rehaussement de contraste, le codage et l’évaluation de la qualité d’images stéréoscopiques. La première partie de ce travail traite les problèmes d’évaluation et d’amélioration de la qualité d’images stéréoscopiques. Nous nous intéressons d’abord au rehaussement de contraste en s’inspirant des méthodes 2D et en intégrant quelques éléments liés à la perception visuelle. Nous proposons ainsi une première méthode de rehaussement de contraste local basée sur la carte de saillance visuelle. L’aspect qualité est aussi traité selon une approche basée sur les protocoles et méthodes conues pour le cas des images 2D et 3D. Cette méthode exploite les caractéristiques et propriétés connues du système visuel humain (SVH) telles que la non-linéarité, la sensibilité au contraste, la sélectivité directionnelle et fréquentielle ainsi que le seuil de discrimination binoculaire. Nous avons aussi d´eveloppé une méthode de prédiction de la qualité d’images stéréoscopiques sans référence. Cette dernière est basée sur des descripteurs 3D statistiques issus de la scène naturelle afin identifier les distorsions. Ces descripteurs 3D statistiques correspondent aux attributs extraits à partir de la paire stéréo naturelle et de la carte de disparité. L’extraction de ces descripteurs se fait au moyen de l’analyse en ondelettes des images stéréoscopiques. La deuxième partie de cette thèse traite les problèmes de compression d’images stéréoscopiques. Nous avons commencé par l’exploitation de la transformée en cosinus discret unidirectionnel et unidimensionnel pour encoder l’image résiduelle issue de la compensation de disparité. Ensuite, en se basant sur la transformée en ondelettes, nous avons étudié deux techniques pour optimiser le calcul de l’image résiduelle. Enfin, nous avons proposé des méthodes d’allocation de débit pour la compression des images stéréoscopiques. En général, le problème d’allocation de bits est résolu d’une manière empirique en cherchant le débit optimale qui minimise une certaine distorsion. Cependant cette stratégie est complexe. Pour cela, nous avons proposé des méthodes d’allocation de débits, rapides et efficaces appropriées pour le codage en boucle ouverte et en boucle fermée. Cette thèse ouvre des perspectives dans les trois thématiques abordées, à savoir le rehaussement de contraste, le codage et l’évaluation de la qualité d’images stéréoscopiques.Recent developments in 3D stereoscopic technology have opened new horizons in many application fields such as 3DTV, 3D cinema, video games and videoconferencing and at the same time raised a number of challenges related to the processing and coding of 3D data. Today, stereoscopic imaging technology is becoming widely used in many fields. There are still some problems related to the physical limitations of image acquisition systems, e.g. transmission and storage requirements. The objective of this thesis is the development of methods for improving the main steps of stereoscopic imaging pipeline such as enhancement, coding and quality assessment. The first part of this work addresses quality issues including contrast enhancement and quality assessment of stereoscopic images. Three algorithms have been proposed. The first algorithm deals with the contrast enhancement aiming at promoting the local contrast guided by calculated/estimated object importance map in the visual scene. The second and the third algorithms aim at predicting the distortion severity of stereo images. In the second one, we have proposed a fullreference metric that requires the reference image and is based on some 2D and 3D findings such as amplitude non-linearity, contrast sensitivity, frequency and directional selectivity, and binocular just noticeable difference model. While in the third algorithm, we have proposed a no-reference metric which needs only the stereo pair to predict its quality. The latter is based on Natural Scene statistics to identify the distortion affecting the stereo image. The statistic 3D features consist in combining features extracted from the natural stereo pair and those from the estimate disparity map. To this end, a joint wavelet transform, inspired from the vector lifting concept is first employed. Then, the features are extracted from the obtained subbands. The second part of this dissertation addresses stereoscopic image compression issues. We started by investigating a one-dimensional directional discrete cosine transform to encode the disparity compensated residual image. Afterwards, and based on the wavelet transform, we investigated two techniques for optimizing the computation of the residual image. Finally, we present efficient bit allocation methods for stereo image coding purpose. Generally, the bit allocation problem is solved in an empirical manner by looking for the optimal rates leading to the minimum distortion value. Thanks to recently published work on approximations of the entropy and distortion functions, we proposed accurate and fast bit allocation schemes appropriate for the open-loop and closed-loop based stereo coding structures
Supporter l'allocation des ressources cloud dans les processus métiers configurables
No full textOrganizations are recently more and more adopting Process-Aware Information Systems (PAIS) for managing their service-based processes using process models referred to as business process models. Motivated by adapting to the rapid changing business requirements and reducing maintenance costs, organizations are outsourcing their processes in an important infrastructure which is Cloud Computing. According to the NIST Institute, Cloud Computing is a model that enables providers sharing their computing resources (e.g., networks, applications, and storage) and users accessing them in convenient and on-demand way with a minimal management effort. In such a multi-tenant environment, using configurable process models allows a Cloud process provider to deliver a customizable process that can be configured by different tenants according to their needs.A business process could be specified from various perspectives such as the control-flow perspective, the organizational perspective, the resource perspective, etc. Several approaches have been correctly proposed at the level of the first perspectives, in particular the control-flow, i.e., the temporal ordering of the process activities. Nevertheless, the resource perspective, which is of equal importance, has been neglected and poorly operated. The management of the resource perspective especially the Cloud resource allocation in business processes is a current interesting topic that increasingly involves many researches in both academics and industry. The design and configuration of resources are undoubtedly sensitive and labor-intensive task. On the one hand, the resource perspective in process models is not explicitly defined. Although many proposals exist in the literature, they all targeted human resources rather than Cloud resources. On the other hand, despite of the fact that the concept of configurable process models is highly complementary to Cloud Computing, the way in how resources can be configured and integrated is hardly handled. The few proposals, which have been suggested on extending configuration to resources, do not cover required Cloud properties such as elasticity or multi-tenancy.To address these limitations, we propose an approach for supporting the design and configuration of Cloud resource Allocation in configurable business process models. We target to (1) define a unified and formal description for the resource perspective, (2) ensure a correct, free-of-conflict and optimized use of Cloud resource consumption, (3) assist process providers to design their configurable resource allocation in a fine-grained way to avoid complex and large results, and (4) optimize the selection of Cloud resources with respect to the requirements related to Cloud properties (elasticity and shareability) and QoS properties.To do so, we first suggest a semantic framework for a semantically-enriched resource description in business processes aiming at formalizing the consumed Cloud resources using a shared knowledge base. Then, we build upon social business processes to provide strategies in order to ensure a controlled resource allocation without conflicts in terms of resources. Next, we propose a novel approach that extends configurable process models to permit a configurable Cloud resource allocation. Our purpose is to shift the Cloud resource allocation from the tenant side to the Cloud process provider side for a centralized resource management. Afterwards, we propose genetic-based approaches that aim at selecting optimal resource configuration in an energy efficient manner and to improve non-functional properties.In order to show the effectiveness of our proposals, we concretely developed (i) a set of proof of concepts, as a validation part, to assist the design of process models and populate a knowledge base of heterogeneous process models with Cloud resources, and (ii) performed experiments on real process models from large datasetsLes organisations adoptent de plus en plus les Systèmes (PAIS) pour gérer leurs processus métiers basés sur les services en utilisant les modèles de processus appelés «modèles de processus métiers». Motivés par l’adaptation aux exigences commerciales et par la réduction des coûts de maintenance, les organisations externalisent leurs processus dans le Cloud Computing. Selon l'Institut NIST, Cloud Computing est un modèle qui permet aux fournisseurs de partager leurs ressources et aux utilisateurs d’y accéder de manière pratique et à la demande. Dans un tel environnement multi-tenant, l'utilisation de modèles de processus configurables permet aux fournisseurs de processus Cloud de fournir un processus personnalisable qui peut être configuré par différents tenants en fonction de leurs besoins.Un processus métier peut être spécifié par plusieurs perspectives tel que la perspective de flux de contrôle, la perspective des ressources, etc. Plusieurs approches ont été proposées au niveau des premières perspectives, notamment le flux de contrôle. Cependant, la perspective ressource, qui est d'une importance égale, était négligée et pas explicitement définie. D’un côté, la gestion de la perspective ressource spécifiquement l’allocation des ressources Cloud est un thème d’actualité qui implique plusieurs recherches. La modélisation et la configuration des ressources sont une tâche sensible nécessitant un travail intensif. Malgré l’existence de différentes approches, elles traitent principalement les ressources humaines plutôt que des ressources Cloud. D’un autre côté, malgré le fait que le concept des modèles de processus configurables est très complémentaire au Cloud, la manière dont comment les ressources sont configurées et intégrées est à peine manipulée. Les approches proposées travaillant sur l’extension de la configuration de ressources, ne couvrent pas les propriétés Cloud notamment l’élasticité et le partage.Pour répondre à ces lacunes, nous proposons une approche pour supporter la modélisation et la configuration de l’allocation des ressources Cloud dans les modèles de processus configurables. Nous visons à (1) définir une description unifiée et formelle pour la perspective ressource, (2) assurer une allocation de ressource correcte, sans conflits et optimisée, (3) Aider les fournisseurs de processus à concevoir leur allocation de ressources configurable de manière fine afin d'éviter des résultats complexes et importants, et (4) Optimiser la sélection des ressources Cloud par rapport aux exigences liées aux propriétés Cloud (élasticité et partage) et propriétés QoS.Pour ce faire, nous proposons d'abord un cadre sémantique pour une description de ressources sémantiquement enrichies dans les processus métiers visant à formaliser les ressources Cloud consommées à l'aide d'une base de connaissances partagée. Ensuite, nous nous basons sur les processus métiers sociales pour fournir des stratégies afin d'assurer une allocation de ressources contrôlée sans conflits en termes de ressources. Par la suite, nous proposons une nouvelle approche qui étend les modèles de processus configurables pour permettre une allocation de ressources Cloud configurable. Notre objectif est de déplacer l'allocation de ressources Cloud du côté des tenants vers le côté du fournisseur de processus Cloud pour une gestion centralisée des ressources. Après, nous proposons des approches génétiques qui visent à choisir une configuration optimale des ressources d'une manière efficace sur le plan énergétique en améliorant les propriétés QoS.Afin de montrer l'efficacité de nos propositions, nous avons développé concrètement (1) une série de preuves de concepts, en tant que partie de validation, pour aider à concevoir des modèles de processus et remplir une base de connaissances de modèles de processus hétérogènes avec des ressources Cloud et (2) ont effectué des expériences sur des modèles de processus réels à partir de grands ensembles de donnée
Etude d'un nouveau moyen de prophylaxie de l'endophtalmie postopératoire
No full textLYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF
Knowledge Type Identification in API Documentation
No full text<p>This release contains the source code and instruction on how to obtain the dataset to reproduce the results presented in the following paper</p>
<pre><code>@inproceedings{FMM19,
title={On Using Machine Learning to Identify Knowledge in API Reference Documentation},
author={Fucci, Davide and M. Alizadeh B., Alireza and Maalej, Walid},
booktitle={27th ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering},
pages={103--112},
year={2019},
doi={10.1145/3338906.3338943}
organization={IEEE}
}
</code></pre>
The formation of the classical tafsīr tradition : the Qurʼān commentary of al-Thaʻlabī (d. 427/1035) by Walid A. Saleh.
No full text"This work is both an introduction to the genre of classical tafsir and a detailed study of one of its major architects, al-Thalabi (d. 427/1035). The book offers a detailed study of the hermeneutical principles that governed al-Thalabi's approach to the Quran, principles which became the norm in later exegetical works. It is divided into three main sections: the first outlines the life and times of the author; the second is a detailed study of his major exegetical work, al-Kashf; the third charts a brief history of the genre of tafsir through documenting the reactions of later exegetes to al-Kashf. This work brings together material never examined before and tries to offer anew way of understanding the history of classical Quran exegesis."--Jacket.Includes bibliographical references (pages 251-259) and indexes."This work is both an introduction to the genre of classical tafsir and a detailed study of one of its major architects, al-Thalabi (d. 427/1035). The book offers a detailed study of the hermeneutical principles that governed al-Thalabi's approach to the Quran, principles which became the norm in later exegetical works. It is divided into three main sections: the first outlines the life and times of the author; the second is a detailed study of his major exegetical work, al-Kashf; the third charts a brief history of the genre of tafsir through documenting the reactions of later exegetes to al-Kashf. This work brings together material never examined before and tries to offer anew way of understanding the history of classical Quran exegesis."--Jacket
Exploring Author Context for Detecting Intended vs Perceived Sarcasm
No full textWe investigate the impact of using author context on textual sarcasm detection. We define author context as the embedded representation of their historical posts on Twitter and suggest neural models that extract these representations. We experiment with two tweet datasets, one labelled manually for sarcasm, and the other via tag-based distant supervision. We achieve state-of-the-art performance on the second dataset, but not on the one labelled manually, indicating a difference between intended sarcasm, captured by distant supervision, and perceived sarcasm, captured by manual labelling.<br/
Exploring Author Context for Detecting Intended vs Perceived Sarcasm
No full textWe investigate the impact of using author context on textual sarcasm detection. We define author context as the embedded representation of their historical posts on Twitter and suggest neural models that extract these representations. We experiment with two tweet datasets, one labelled manually for sarcasm, and the other via tag-based distant supervision. We achieve state-of-the-art performance on the second dataset, but not on the one labelled manually, indicating a difference between intended sarcasm, captured by distant supervision, and perceived sarcasm, captured by manual labelling.<br/
Flaubert lecteur de l'Histoire naturelle de Pline
No full textThis article questions the relationship between flaubertian writing and the latin text that represents one of the major sources of Salammbo’s composition. It intends more specifically to examine the way in which the details taken from Pliny’s Natural History and which were diversely used by Flaubert during the composition of the “ roman carthaginois” were processed. In fact, various methods and techniques were implemented in the genesis : – combining data stemming from the author''s reading with issues of his own experience – condensating data – deliberately pursuing strangeness and seeking inaccuracy – description serving narration. With Flaubert, the ancient works lose their exemplary nature and become sources of documentation and the Ancients cease being the ideals they were during the renaissance and the classical periods. Analyzing these methods and processes can bring us to reflect on the poetic aspect of Flaubert’s writing largely based on documentation.Cet article s’interroge sur la relation qu’entretient l’écriture flaubertienne avec le texte latin et qui constitue l’un des ressorts clefs de la composition de Salammbô : il se propose plus précisément d’examiner la façon dont sont transformés les détails empruntés à l’Histoire naturelle de Pline, et qui sont diversement exploités par Flaubert pendant la composition du roman carthaginois. En effet, différentes méthodes et techniques sont utilisées au cours de la genèse de l’oeuvre : combinaison entre des données tirées des lectures de l’auteur et d’autres provenant de son expérience propre, condensation de données, recherche de l’étrangeté, imprécision volontaire, description au service de la narration. Avec Flaubert, les ouvrages anciens perdent leur exemplarité pour devenir sources de documentation et les Anciens cessent d’être des modèles comme ils l’étaient à la Renaissance et à l’époque classique. L’analyse de ces méthodes et procédés peut nous amener à réfléchir sur la poétique d''une écriture flaubertienne fondée en grande partie sur la documentation.Ezzine Walid. Flaubert lecteur de l'Histoire naturelle de Pline. In: Ktèma : civilisations de l'Orient, de la Grèce et de Rome antiques, N°35, 2010. pp. 393-401
Art and political dissent in postwar Lebanon: Walid Sadek's fi annani akbar min bikasu [bigger than picasso]
No full textTaking Walid Sadek's fi annani akbar min bikasu [bigger than picasso] as its starting point, this article examines relations of art and politics in post-civil war Lebanon. A tiny and inexpensive paperback related to Picasso unfolds into a work of art that raises questions about the place of art and political dissent. After situating bigger than picasso in the context of contemporary book art and artistic practices of the postwar generation in Lebanon, the article focuses on the juxtaposition of text and image. By placing narratives of art vandalism next to the image of a monument dedicated to the late Syrian President Hafiz al-Asad, bigger than picasso playfully and provocatively breaks with political taboos at a time when the silence about the Lebanese Civil War (1975-90) and about Lebanese-Syrian relations was met with increasing anxiety. At the same time, the work makes room for aesthetic inquiries, exploring new possibilities of art at the margins of cultural production. The article concludes that bigger than picasso brings to the fore the discrepancy between public monumentality and artistic practices, which in finding ways around political violence and censorship have recourse to ephemeral and private spheres, and holds unexpected meanings in ever-changing political circumstances. 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