1,256 research outputs found
Acrochordonoposthia vandeputae Houben, Proesmans and Artois, n. sp.
No full textAcrochordonoposthia vandeputae Houben, Proesmans and Artois n. sp. (Figs 1 A–F) Locality. Schloßberg, centre of Graz, Austria (47 °04’ 27 ”N; 15 ° 26 ’ 10 ”E), in dry mosses (22 August 2011) (TYPE LOCALITY). Material. Seven specimens studied alive. One whole-mounted specimen designated holotype (SMNH Type- 8567). One whole-mounted, one sagitally-sectioned and one horizontally-sectioned specimen, all paratypes (HU, nos 557–559). Two preserved in 95 % ethanol for DNA extraction. Etymology. Species name dedicated to Ria Vandeput, mother of the first author (AH). Description. Animals almost 1 mm long. The paired protonephridiopores open ventrally, caudally from the pharynx. The copulatory organ is 63–72 µm long (average 68 µm; measured on two specimens, holotype being the smaller) and is provided with a conical cirral pouch. A large group of eosinophilic, coarse-grained prostate glands opens into the proximal end of the cirrus. This cirrus is 25–35 µm long (average 30 µm; measured on two specimens), is more-or-less straight and covered with spines, which increase in size towards the distal end. A large bursa, about 80 µm long (measured on one specimen), lies next to the copulatory organ. It has a long tubiform proximal part, which is difficult to observe on live animals, and a ± 50 µm-long (measured on one specimen), sclerotized, more-or-less cone-shaped distal part. Strong circular muscles surround at least the distal part. We were unable to clearly observe whether or not these also surround the proximal part. A seminal receptacle was not observed. Diagnosis. Species of Acrochordonoposthia Reisinger, 1924. Copulatory organ 63–72 µm long. It possesses a straight cirrus, completely covered with spines, which increase in length towards the distal end. Cirral pouch conical. Long bursa, with a tube-shaped proximal part and a cone-shaped distal part and surrounded by circular muscles. Seminal receptacle lacking.Published as part of Houben, Albrecht M., Proesmans, Willem, Bert, Wim & Artois, Tom J., 2014, Revision of Acrochordonoposthia Reisinger, 1924 (Rhabditophora, Typhloplanidae, Protoplanellinae) with the description of one new species in Zootaxa 3790 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3790.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/23087
Acrochordonoposthia Reisinger 1924
No full textAcrochordonoposthia Reisinger, 1924 Reisinger (1924 a): 75 Diagnosis (after Reisinger 1924 a). Protoplanellinae with dermal rhabdites. Adenal rhabdites, when present, only in frontal tracks ("Stäbchenstraßen"). Pharynx rosulatus inclined forwards, barrel shaped and situated in first third of the body. Copulatory organ in the caudal body end, with the gonopore in last third of the body. Cirrus present, at least partly provided with sclerotized warts or spines. Tail glands absent.Published as part of Houben, Albrecht M., Proesmans, Willem, Bert, Wim & Artois, Tom J., 2014, Revision of Acrochordonoposthia Reisinger, 1924 (Rhabditophora, Typhloplanidae, Protoplanellinae) with the description of one new species in Zootaxa 3790 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3790.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/23087
Adenoplea reisingeri Houben, Proesmans and Artois, n. sp.
No full textAdenoplea reisingeri Houben, Proesmans and Artois n. sp. (Fig. 1 A) Locality. Vyle-et-Tharoul, Liège, Belgium, moss collected along the Rue Pont de Vyle (50 ° 27 ’06”N; 5 ° 16 ’ 46 ”E), (18 August 2008) Material. Three serially-sectioned specimens: a sagitally-sectioned one designated holotype (SMNH, no. 8758), a sagitally-sectioned (HU, no. 573) and a transverse-sectioned one (HU, no. 574), both paratypes. Etymology. Dedicated to Dr. Erich Reisinger, honouring his contribution to the knowledge of limnoterrestrial rhabdocoels. Description. Animals about 1 mm long with a white-yellowish colour. Rostrally two groups of adenal rhabdite glands are present. Protonephridiopores were not observed with certainty. The rosulate pharynx is positioned at ± 65 % of the body. The gonopore (Fig. 1 A: gp) is situated at ± 90 % of the body and opens into a genital atrium, which is lined with a high, nucleated epithelium and is surrounded by muscles. The paired, large testes (Fig. 1 A: t) lie ventrally to the vitellaria. The paired vasa deferentia (Fig. 1 A: vde) become somewhat wider before entering the copulatory organ separately through its proximal end. The copulatory organ is 60–65 µm long. It contains an intracapsular spindle-shaped seminal vesicle (Fig. 1 A: vs), the ejaculatory duct (Fig. 1 A: de) and coarse-grained eosinophilic (Fig. 1 A: gg 1) and basophilic (Fig. 1 A: gg 2) prostate glands with extracapsular nucleated parts. The copulatory organ is of the inermis-type, i.e. the ejaculatory duct is not provided with sclerotized spines (see Reisinger 1924). Circular muscles surround the ejaculatory duct, and two spirallyrunning muscle layers surround the entire copulatory organ. The male duct (Fig. 1 A: md) is surrounded by a layer of circular muscles and is lined with a high epithelium. The oval bursa (Fig. 1 A: bu) is slightly smaller than the copulatory organ, completely surrounded by circular muscles and opens in the distal part of the male duct. The vitellaria extend from the posterior end up to the rhabdite glands. The female duct (Fig. 1 A: fd) is surrounded with muscles and lined with a high, nucleated epithelium. It receives the oviduct (Fig. 1 A: od) and the common vitelloduct (Fig. 1 A: vd) proximally, and the female glands (Fig. 1 A: fg) somewhat distally from these ducts. Diagnosis. Species of Adenoplea Reisinger, 1924, about 1 mm long. Copulatory organ of the inermis-type, containing at least two types of prostate glands, a spindle-shaped seminal vesicle and a muscular ejaculatory duct in its distal third. An elongate, oval-shaped copulatory bursa, which is completely surrounded by circular muscles, is present. Discussion. See the discussion following the descriptive notes and remarks on Adenoplea perigraptopera Reisinger, 1924.Published as part of Houben, Albrecht M., Schwank, Peter, Proesmans, Willem, Bert, Wim & Artois, Tom J., 2015, Notes on some enigmatic taxa of limnoterrestrial rhabdocoels, with the description of two new species, pp. 83-92 in Zootaxa 4040 (1) on pages 84-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4040.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/28999
Probing BERT for Ranking Abilities
No full textContextual models like BERT are highly effective in numerous text-ranking tasks. However, it is still unclear as to whether contextual models understand well-established notions of relevance that are central to IR. In this paper, we use probing, a recent approach used to analyze language models, to investigate the ranking abilities of BERT-based rankers. Most of the probing literature has focussed on linguistic and knowledge-aware capabilities of models or axiomatic analysis of ranking models. In this paper, we fill an important gap in the information retrieval literature by conducting a layer-wise probing analysis using four probes based on lexical matching, semantic similarity as well as linguistic properties like coreference resolution and named entity recognition. Our experiments show an interesting trend that BERT-rankers better encode ranking abilities at intermediate layers. Based on our observations, we train a ranking model by augmenting the ranking data with the probe data to show initial yet consistent performance improvements (The code is available at https://github.com/yolomeus/probing-search/ ).Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Web Information System
Acrochordonoposthia robusta Luther 1963
No full textAcrochordonoposthia robusta Luther, 1963 (Fig 6 K) Known literature. Acrochordonoposthia robusta Luther (1963): 18, fig. 3 I Known distribution. Tenala, Hylta, Finland, Sphagnum -swamp in a small valley at the shore of lake Långträsk, situated in the shade of willows, found between leaves of Salix in the water (Luther 1963). Material. None Remarks. This species is poorly known, as it was described from a single, disintegrating specimen (Luther 1963). Animals over 1 mm long. The copulatory organ measures 414 µm in length and is provided with a conicalshaped pouch. The proximal part of the cirrus is weakly bent, funnel-shaped and further distally becomes straight and lined with spines.Published as part of Houben, Albrecht M., Proesmans, Willem, Bert, Wim & Artois, Tom J., 2014, Revision of Acrochordonoposthia Reisinger, 1924 (Rhabditophora, Typhloplanidae, Protoplanellinae) with the description of one new species in Zootaxa 3790 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3790.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/23087
BERT Rankers are Brittle: A Study using Adversarial Document Perturbations
No full textContextual ranking models based on BERT are now well established for a wide range of passage and document ranking tasks. However, the robustness of BERT-based ranking models under adversarial inputs is under-explored. In this paper, we argue that BERT-rankers are not immune to adversarial attacks targeting retrieved documents given a query. Firstly, we propose algorithms for adversarial perturbation of both highly relevant and non-relevant documents using gradient-based optimization methods. The aim of our algorithms is to add/replace a small number of tokens to a highly relevant or non-relevant document to cause a large rank demotion or promotion. Our experiments show that a small number of tokens can already result in a large change in the rank of a document. Moreover, we find that BERT-rankers heavily rely on the document start/head for relevance prediction, making the initial part of the document more susceptible to adversarial attacks. More interestingly, we find a small set of recurring adversarial words that when added to documents result in successful rank demotion/promotion of any relevant/non-relevant document respectively. Finally, our adversarial tokens also show particular topic preferences within and across datasets, exposing potential biases from BERT pre-training or downstream datasets. Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Web Information System
Author Ben Ames Williams first met Searsmont farmer Bert McCorrison in 1918, a m
No full textAuthor Ben Ames Williams first met Searsmont farmer Bert McCorrison in 1918, a meeting which the author said had a profound impact on his professional career. McCorrison died in 1931, leaving Williams his Hardscrabble Farm in Searsmount, which became the author\u27s home until his death in 1953
Forged-GAN-BERT: Authorship Attribution for LLM-Generated Forged Novels
No full textThe advancement of generative Large Language Models (LLMs), capable of producing human-like texts, introduces challenges related to the authenticity of the text documents. This requires exploring potential forgery scenarios within the context of authorship attribution, especially in the literary domain. Particularly, two aspects of doubted authorship may arise in novels, as a novel may be imposed by a renowned author or include a copied writing style of a well-known novel. To address these concerns, we introduce Forged-GAN-BERT, a modified GAN-BERT-based model to improve the classification of forged novels in two data-augmentation aspects: via the Forged Novels Generator (i.e., ChatGPT) and the generator in GAN. Compared to other transformer-based models, the proposed Forged-GAN-BERT model demonstrates an improved performance with F1 scores of 0.97 and 0.71 for identifying forged novels in single-author and multi-author classification settings. Additionally, we explore different prompt categories for generating the forged novels to analyse the quality of the generated texts using different similarity distance measures , including ROUGE-1, Jaccard Similarity, Overlap Confident, and Cosine Similarity
Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration for common bile duct stones after gastric surgery
No full textBackground Gallstone disease is common after gastric surgery and especially after weight loss from bariatric surgery. In patients with normal gastroduodenal anatomy, treatment of common bile duct stones (CBS) generally consists of, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP) and endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES), followed by cholecystectomy in a second stage. However, after gastric surgery the papilla may not be easily accessible endoscopically. The aim of our study was to evaluate the therapeutic success of single-stage laparoscopic cholecystectomy and common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) after previous gastric surgery. Methods In this observational cohort study, all LCBDE in patients with previous gastric surgery between January 2014 and July 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Gastric surgery consisted of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, BII subtotal gastrectomy, total gastrectomy and subtotal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction. Outcomes of interest consisted of successful duct clearance, postoperative adverse events and CBS recurrence. Results Forty-four patients (M/F: 22/22) underwent LCBDE after previous gastric surgery, in which simultaneous cholecystectomy was performed in 38 cases. Median (range) age 68 (25-90) years. Presence of CBS was confirmed in 38 patients (85%), a choledochal polyp in one patient (2%) and recurrence of gastric cancer in another (2%). Duct clearance was successful in 37 out of 38 patients (97%). Median (range) length of stay after LCBDE was 1 (0-12) day(s). Eight patients developed a postoperative adverse event, of which three Clavien-Dindo > 3a complications. Three patients were readmitted. At a median (range) follow-up of 60 (24-120) months, no CBS recurrences were observed. Conclusions LCBDE is a safe technique, with a high rate of successful duct clearance after previous gastric surgery, even after previous cholecystectomy. In experienced centers, LCBDE provides a valid alternative for complex interventional endoscopy, omitting the need for the creation of a gastro-gastric fistula.Funding No funding source
Dave Hunter and Bert McDonald
No full textPhotograph - Dave Hunter Addresses the Haggis at Robbie Burns night at Royal Canadian Legion, Athabasca Branch No. 103, Athabasca, Alberta. Bert McDonald is on the left. February 6, 196
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