187 research outputs found
Spirostomin, Defense Toxin of the Ciliate Spirostomum teres: Isolation, Structure Elucidation, and Synthesis
No full textThe defense toxins, spirostomins A and B, have been isolated as a diastereomeric mixture from the ciliate microorganism Spirostomum teres. The structure of spirostomin was elucidated through a number of NMR experiments which allowed assigning the unprecedented spiro[(2,5-dimethyl- 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-1,4-dione)-8,6′-(pyrane-2′,5′-dione)] skeleton to this natural compound. The total syntheses of the racemic spirostomins confirmed their structure and relative configurations
Rehearsing Reality: An Interactive Docufragmentary Exploration of the Theatre of the Oppressed's Engagement with the Brazilian Landless Movement (MST)
No full textThis thesis explores the Theatre of the Oppressed's practices at the point of interaction with peasants of Brazil's Landless Movement. It uses the interactive docufragmentary entitled Rehearsing Reality to explore the social and political role of art, and to ask whether particular applications of theatre and film can be used to understand and possibly transform points of view and raise consciousness about contemporary issues in the world.
The Theatre of the Oppressed created by Augusto Boal comprises a series of interactive games, exercises and other theatrical methods developed with the purpose of using these drama techniques as a subjective medium contributing both to question and search alternatives for personal and social problems. Amongst its theatrical methods is Forum Theatre, the main practice adopted by Brazil's Landless Movement. This technique breaks with the conventions of the traditional language of theatre. Its main aim is to transform passive audiences into active participants of a theatrical scene. This thesis argues that Forum Theatre is an open medium that offers people the chance to participate democratically in the theatrical space in order to suggest and rehearse new ideas to be applied into their lives.
In order to explore how these theatrical experiences work in practice this thesis includes a central element entitled Rehearsing Reality, which is specifically designed to adapt some of the main features from Forum Theatre to film language. Its aim is to activate viewers to interact with the film process. This thesis also explores the historical developments of the Theatre of the Oppressed with major emphasis on Forum Theatre and its practices amongst members of Brazil's Landless Movement living in camps and settlements in the hinterland of Sergipe State, North-East of Brazil.
The structure of the thesis is divided into five parts: Chapter One analyses the relevant literature on the subject; Chapter Two provides a reflective account of the filming period; Chapter Three offers an overview of Boal' s life and the development of the Theatre of the Oppressed methods; Chapter Four briefly looks at the history and development of the Brazilian Landless Movement and provides a practical analysis of the experiences of Theatre of the Oppressed amongst the Landless Movement and Chapter Five analyses the creative process of making the docufragmentary Rehearsing Reality. The Conclusion suggests that the social and political aspect of art can significantly contribute to the process of comprehension and transformation of the world
Bid-Based Priority Signal Control in a Connected Environment
No full textDemand-responsive traffic signal control, like actuated signal control and adaptive traffic signal control, aims to provide efficient movements to road users. Although traffic control signals often treat vehicles as homogeneous objects, in reality road users��� value of time (VOT) may vary depending on their situation. However, little research has been conducted in signal control methods that account for individual differences in VOT. This research introduces the concept of a bid-based priority signal control (BBPSC), a traffic signal control method that considers individual differences in VOT via bids. Within BBPSC, drivers can bid for a green signal indication in a connected environment. In the first phase of research, the author addressed key elements of such a concept. In asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) with two conflicting movements, an algorithm extended a green interval as long as the cumulative opportunity loss observed in stopped movements remained less than the value that would have been lost through the termination of that green interval. BBPSC prioritized high bidders and resulted in a greater subjective user benefit compared to a pre-timed equivalent. In the second phase, the applicability of BBPSC was further investigated with a four-phase signal controller using microsimulations in PTV Vissim.
While BBPSC produced approximately 70 percent longer queues than non-bid-based priority signal control (NBBPSC) in undersaturated conditions, the new control method achieved a smaller delay for high bidders on average, providing user benefit for high bidders. Extremely high bidders experienced a more than 90 percent decrease in delays with BBPSC when measured against NBBPSC. These results proved that typical four-phase traffic control signals can be operated by an algorithm based on bids from road users. Future work should investigate the optimal values of key input variables of BBPSC, especially in highly saturated traffic conditions.
* Part of this section is reprinted with permission from ���Bid-Based Priority Signal Control in a Connected Environment: Concept��� by Iio, Kentaro, Yunlong Zhang, and Luca Quadrifoglio, 2019. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198119855981, Copyright 2019 Sage Publications, Incorporated
Effect of Transfer Velocity on Porosity of Lotus-Type Porous Aluminum Fabricated by Continuous Casting Technique
No full textLotus-type porous aluminum was fabricated by continuous casting technique in mixture gas of hydrogen and argon at various transfer velocities in order to understand formation process of pores. The porosity and pore diameter decrease with increasing transfer velocity. The transfer velocity dependence of the porosity in lotus aluminum is different from that in other lotus metals such as stainless steel and copper. It is considered that the difference is attributed to lower solubility in aluminum than that in other metals.</jats:p
- …
