353 research outputs found
'Digital Crafting at CUSTHOM'
No full textIn this paper Ooi described her experience of working with digital technologies as an integral part of her own design studio: CUSTHOM, where her business partner and herself design and manufacture wallpapers, fabrics and fine bone china. The core of how we design and make lies in the craft of both digital and hand making, printing by silk screen and block to interpreting stitch weight, direction and length, through digital design programmes for embroidery, to hand metallic foil finishing. Exploiting techniques originally developed for cloth, the author re-interpret these methods of making to capitalise on the benefits and potential of making through a combination of analogue and digital techniques
Evolution of Coherent Structures in Under-expanded Supersonic Impinging Jets
No full textThis study looks at the spatio-temporal dynamics of the coherent structures found in under-expanded supersonic impinging jets from a circular nozzle at a pressure ratio of 3.4 and standoff distances of 2d and 5d. In these jets the development of coherent structures within the shear layer and their interaction with a standoff-shock are the principle components of a fundamental non-linear acoustic feedback mechanism. Temporally resolved and phase averaged data for each case was generated from a three dimensional hybrid large-eddy simulation on a non-uniform structured cylindrical grid with computational domains consisting of approximately 30 million nodes. From these datasets we investigate the development of the energy, topology and turbulence interactions of the coherent structures as a function of their distance travelled along the shear-layer
Scientific rationale and conceptual design of a process-oriented shelfbreak observatory: the OOI pioneer array
No full text© The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Gawarkiewicz, G., & Plueddemann, A. J. Scientific rationale and conceptual design of a process-oriented shelfbreak observatory: The OOI pioneer array. Journal of Operational Oceanography, 13(1), (2019): 19-36, doi: 10.1080/1755876X.2019.1679609.The Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) of the National Science Foundation in the USA includes a coastal observatory called the OOI Pioneer Array, which is focused on understanding shelf/slope exchange processes. The OOI Pioneer Array has been designed and constructed and is currently in operation. In order to fully understand the design principles and constraints, we first describe the basic exchange processes and review prior experiments in the region. Emphasis is placed on the space and time scales of important exchange processes such as frontal meandering and warm core ring interactions with the Shelfbreak Front, the dominant sources of variability in the region. The three major components of the Pioneer Array are then described, including preliminary data from the underwater gliders and Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) deployments. The relevance of the Pioneer Array to important recent scientific issues in the area, including enhanced warming of the continental shelf and increasing frequency and spatial extent of Gulf Stream interactions with the continental shelf is discussed. Finally, similar observatories in Asia are briefly described, and general conclusions regarding principles that should guide the design of shelfbreak observatories in other geographic regions are presented.Financial support for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation under grant number OCE-1657853 (GG) and OCE-1026342 (AJP). GG was also supported by a Senior Scientist Chair from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
The influence of subgrid-scale modelling on the performance of a new non-equilibrium wall-model for large-eddy simulation
No full textThe computational cost of wall-resolved large-eddy simulations (LES) rapidly becomes prohibitive with increasing Reynolds number. Wall-modelled LES attempts to significantly reduce the computational cost of simulating wall-bounded turbulent flows by modelling the effect of the near-wall small-scale motions, rather than fully or partially resolving them. The present study concentrates on a new wall-model that is able to predict fluctuating wall-shear stress given a large-scale velocity input. The velocity input for the model is affected by the choice of subgrid-scale (SGS) model. Therefore, this study also focusses on the impact of the SGS-model on the distribution of quantities at the wall. Results show that the new wall-model is able to resolve more of the wall shear-stress variance than a standard wall-model; and that the SGS-model affects the distribution of fluctuations of both wall-shear stress and wall-pressure
Biological control of dengue and Wolbachia-based strategies. 2nd ed.
No full textThis book chapter describes a number of biological control methods that currently exist, or are under development, which target the dengue vector Aedes aegypti. These include biological agents that are natural predators of mosquito larvae, such as copepods, and entomopathogenic bacteria (Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis) and fungi. Also, the chapter reviews the transinfection of Aedes aegypti with the bacterium Wolbachia pipientis to reduce dengue virus transmission while minimizing social and environmental harm. It examines the effects of Wolbachia infection on A. aegypti, Wolbachia's ability to invade mosquito populations, community support for Wolbachia-based biological control, and future perspectives
The Cardiac Analytics and Innovation (CardiacAI) Data Repository: An Australian data resource for translational cardiovascular research
No full textIn Australia, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are managed in a complex and
fragmented healthcare system across multiple providers. A data repository that
links data sources, and enables advanced analytics and big data technologies,
will generate novel insights, and allow development of translational tools that
can improve patient care and outcomes. The Cardiac Analytics and Innovation
(CardiacAI) project has established a research-ready electronic medical records
data resource to enable collaborative and translational cardiovascular
research. The CardiacAI data repository prospectively extracts de-identified
electronic medical record (EMR) data from two local health districts (LHD) in
New South Wales (NSW), Australia. These data are linked with Australian
population health data to ascertain longitudinal hospitalisation and death
outcomes. The data are stored within a secure, cloud-based storage and
analytics platform. The CardiacAI data repository is a not-for-profit data
resource that promotes collaboration and responsible sharing of data. The
CardiacAI data repository is a resource for Australian healthcare providers,
clinicians and researchers seeking to improve cardiovascular care. The project
is expanding to include data from stroke hospitalisations and two additional
NSW LHDs, and is actively exploring linkage with ECG signal data, medical
imaging data and community-based healthcare. The CardiacAI project has the
potential to unlock a wealth of novel insights and translational tools that
improve secondary prevention and treatment of CVD.Comment: Author Notes: Blanca Gallego and Sze-Yuan Ooi are co-senior authors
of this paper. Blanca Gallego is the senior technical author and Sze-Yuan Ooi
is the senior clinical autho
SeaView : bringing together an ocean of data
No full textAuthor Posting. © The Oceanography Society, 2018. This article is posted here by permission of The Oceanography Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Oceanography 31, no. 1 (2018): 71, doi:10.5670/oceanog.2018.111.The Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) supports a comprehensive information management system for data collected by OOI assets, providing access to a wealth of new information for scientists. But what of those wishing to access data from the region of an OOI research array that is not from OOI assets, perhaps to look at longer term trends from before the launch of OOI, or to build a larger regional context? Despite the excellent work of ocean data repositories, finding, accessing, understanding, and reformatting data for use in a desired visualization or analysis tool remains challenging, especially when data are held in multiple repositories
Gut Microbiota in Children With Cystic Fibrosis: A Taxonomic and Functional Dysbiosis
No full textIntestinal dysbiosis has been observed in children with cystic fibrosis (CF), yet the functional consequences are poorly understood. We investigated the functional capacity of intestinal microbiota and inflammation in children with CF. Stool samples were collected from 27 children with CF and 27 age and gender matched healthy controls (HC) (aged 0.8-18 years). Microbial communities were investigated by iTag sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and functional profiles predicted using Tax4Fun. Inflammation was measured by faecal calprotectin and M2-pyruvate kinase. Paediatric CF gastrointestinal microbiota demonstrated lower richness and diversity compared to HC. CF samples exhibited a marked taxonomic and inferred functional dysbiosis when compared to HC. In children with CF, we predicted an enrichment of genes involved in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), antioxidant and nutrient metabolism (relevant for growth and nutrition) in CF. The notion of pro-inflammatory GI microbiota in children with CF is supported by positive correlations between intestinal inflammatory markers and both genera and functional pathways. We also observed an association between intestinal genera and both growth z-scores and FEV1%. These taxonomic and functional changes provide insights into gastrointestinal disease in children with CF and future gastrointestinal therapeutics for CF should explore the aforementioned pathways and microbial changes
Territories of Difference: Place, Movements, Life, Redes
No full textArturo Escobar. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2008. xvi + 456 pp., tables, maps, illustr., notes, bibliog., index. ISBN 978-0822343448. USD 24.95 (Pb)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): breathtaking progress
No full textReports of a new severe respiratory disease, now defined as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), began to emerge from Guangdong, in southern China, in late 2002. The condition came to international attention through an explosive outbreak in Hong Kong in March 2003. Cases appeared throughout South-East Asia and in Toronto, the spread of SARS being accelerated by international air travel. A global emergency was declared by the World Health Organization, bringing together an international team of epidemiologists, public health physicians and microbiologists to study and contain the disease. This response has enabled the nature of the infectious agent to be identified, its mode of transmission to be established and diagnostic tests to be created rapidly
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