202,034 research outputs found
Simulium (Chirostilbia) jefersoni Hamada & Hernandez & Luz & Pepinelli 2006, New Species
No full textSimulium (Chirostilbia) jefersoni Hamada, Hernández, Luz & Pepinelli New Species (Figs. 1–45) Female (Figs. 1–17). General body color dark brown to black (specimens recovered from alcohol) (Figs. 1–4). Body length (specimens in alcohol) 2.6 –3.0 mm (n = 3); thorax lateral length 0.9 mm (n = 3). Wing length 1.3–1.8 mm (n = 3); wing width 0.7–0.8 mm (n = 3). Head dichoptic with dark red eyes and frontoocular triangle well developed (Fig. 8). Frons, clypeus, and occiput black, with silver pruinosity; clypeus and frons covered with dark, erect setae. Antennae with silver pubescence, 0.40–0.44 mm in length; scape and pedicel pale brown, remaining segments dark brown (Fig. 6). Maxillary palpus dark brown; sensory vesicle elongated occupying more than 1 / 3 length of palpomere III; palpomere V twice length of palpomere III and IV (Fig. 5). Mandible with 12 external serrations and 34–38 internal teeth. Lacinia with 25 or 26 retrorse teeth. Cibarium with welldeveloped, sclerotized cornuae, without teeth (Fig. 7). Thorax with scutum black covered by evenly arranged, recumbent, whitish setae; posterior margin with short, recumbent, whitish setae. Scutal pattern varying with illumination. With anterior illumination, thorax black with 1 + 1 median and 1 + 1 sublateral, silver pruinose vittae extending from anterior to posterior margin of thorax and black lyreshaped pattern; humeri pale brown with faint gray pruinosity; lateral and posterior margins black (Fig. 1). With posterior illumination, lyreshaped pattern silver pruinose on black scutum; humeri weakly pale brown and lateral margins weakly silver pruinose; posterior margin black (Fig. 2). Anepisternum dark brown; katepisternum light brown. Scutellum dark brown with recumbent whitish setae interspersed with long, black bristles. Postnotum dark brown with silver pruinosity. Pleura dark brown with silver pruinosity. Costa of wing with sparse distribution of spines and setae. Subcosta with line of few setae up to half length of vein (Fig. 9). Radius with line of setae intermixed with spines apically; basal section bare. Basal tuft of long, dark setae (Fig. 9). Leg coloration and proportions as in Figs. 10–12. Fore leg with coxa, trochanter, femur, and tibiae yellow; apex of tibia weakly pale brown; basitarsus and tarsomeres I–IV dark brown (Fig. 10). Middle leg pale yellow except apical twothirds of basitarsus and tarsomeres I–IV dark brown to black and onethird of basitarsus whitish (Fig. 11). Hind leg with coxa, apex of femur, half of tibiae, apical onethird of basitarsus, and tarsomeres I–IV dark brown, remainder of hind leg pale yellow (Fig. 12). Claws curved with basal tooth (Fig. 13). Halteres cream with brown base. Abdomen with tergites I–IX dark brown to black (Figs. 3, 4); tergite II silver pruinose on anterolateral margins. Basal fringe with thin, long, golden hairs. Tergal plates developed; sternal plates undeveloped. Sternites grayish black; genitalia dark brown. Eighth sternite weakly sclerotized with irregularly distributed setae on posterior margin; hypogynial valves (= gonapophyses) nearly same length as eighth sternite at its midpoint, subtriangular, membranous except weakly sclerotized on internal margins (Fig. 14). Cercus subquadrangular, covered with long, brown setae; anal lobe (= paraproct) subtriangular, nearly one and onehalf times longer than cercus, sclerotized and covered by long setae basally and small hairs on distal region of posterior margin (Fig. 15). Genital fork stout, sclerotized with apical termination of stem expanded; termination of lateral arm almost straight; anterior process developed, rounded apically; posterior processes poorly developed (Fig. 16). Spermatheca globular, with internal spicules in groups of 2–4 (Fig. 17); spermathecal duct and area of attachment unpigmented. Male (Figs. 18–28). General body color dark brown (specimen recovered from alcohol) (Figs. 18, 19, 23, 24). Body length (specimens in alcohol) 2.2 –3.0 mm (n = 3); thorax lateral length 0.72–0.78 mm (n = 3). Wing length 1.6–2.5 mm (n = 3); wing width 0.9 mm (n = 3). Head holoptic with dark red eyes. Antenna with whitish pubescense, 0.50 mm in length; scape, pedicel, and first flagellomere light brown, remaining flagellomeres dark brown (Fig. 20). Palpus dark brown, sensory vesicle small, occupying less than 1 / 5 of palpomere III; palpomere V about 1.6 times as long as palpomeres III and IV (Fig. 21). Thorax with scutum black covered with recumbent golden hairs. Scutal pattern varies slightly with light incidence: with anterior light source thorax black with 1 + 1 submedian, silver pruinose cunae on anterior onethird (Fig. 18). With light source posterior to specimen, thorax black (Fig. 19). Humeri pale brown; lateral and posterior margins of scutum pruinose [best seen when specimen viewed laterally]. Scutellum dark brown with recumbent whitish hairs interspersed with long, erect black hairs on posterior margin. Postnotum dark brown to black with silvery gray pruinosity. Anepisternum and katepisternum dark brown. Wing setation and leg coloration as in female, except claws without basal tooth (Fig. 22). Abdomen (Figs. 23, 24) with tergite I black with posterior margin silver pruinose; basal fringe with long, thin, golden hairs; tergite II black in median region and pale brown laterally; tergites III–IV black; tergites V–IX black mesally and grayish in lateral margins; tergites II (anteriorly), IV–VII with silver pruinosity on ventrolateral margin; in some specimens, silver pruinosity also on tergites VIII and IX [best seen on specimens in lateral view]. Sternal plates undeveloped. Genitalia black; gonocoxite subquadrangular (Fig. 28); gonostyle conical (fingerlike) (Fig. 28), nearly as long as gonocoxite at midpoint, with ridge in median region and 2 spiniform setae apically [visible only at high magnification]; gonocoxite and gonostyle covered with long setae. Ventral plate sclerotized, with ventral margin almost straight, without keel and covered by small hairs; basal arms short and deeply sclerotized (Fig. 27). Median sclerite Y shaped with distinct incision in apical onethird (Fig. 26). Paramere with developed and sclerotized basal process and numerous stout teeth centrally (Fig. 25). Pupa (Figs. 29–38). Cocoon length dorsally 2.8–3.8 mm (mean = 3.2 mm, SD = 0.28, n = 10), ventrally 3.8–5.4 mm (mean = 4.5 mm, SD = 0.39, n = 10); pupa length 2.6–3.9 mm (mean = 3.1 mm; SD = 0.43, n = 10); gill length 1.5–2.5 mm (mean = 1.9 mm, SD = 0.38, n = 8). Cocoon shoe shaped, dark brown composed of thick coalesced fibres posteriorly and distinct, looplike fenestrations anteriorly (Figs. 29, 30). Frontoclypeus with 3 + 3 long, multiramous frontal and 1 + 1 long, multiramous, dorsal trichomes (Fig. 34); frontoclypeus with distinct groups of platelets mesally, 1 + 1 dorsolaterally and 2 or 3 platelets in 2 groups laterally in frontal region, respectively (Fig. 33); tubercles rounded, densely distributed (Fig. 36) over entire frontal and dorsal region. Thorax with 5 pairs of long, multiramous (Fig. 32) trichomes near margin of dorsal cleft, 2 + 2 multiramous and 1 simple trichomes at gill base, one small, bifid or simple trichome on ventral margin, and 1 bifid or trifid trichome in median region of thorax; tubercles rounded, densely distributed over entire surface. Antennal sheath with transversal punctuations (Fig. 35). Gill filaments pale yellowish with 8 forwardly directed filaments, arranged in 3 dimensions, curving at midpoint and directed inward apically. Gill configuration with main trunk short, giving rise to 3 sets of primary branches, dorsal and ventral (internal) primary branches each consisting of 3 secondary branches; external set consists of 2 secondary branches; all filaments bifurcate at different heights near base of gill. Filaments stout basally and becoming narrower toward apex, rounded distally, without spicules on surface; edges weakly crenate. All gill filaments approximately same length (Fig. 31). Abdominal tergite I (Figs. 37 a–e) with 1 + 1 submedian, simple trichomes. Tergite II with 4 + 4 submedian, spiniform setae in longitudinal row, 2 + 2 small, simple trichomes anterior to most external spiniform setae and 1 + 1 simple trichome on lateral margin (Fig. 37 a). Tergites III and IV with 4 + 4 submedian, simple hooks in longitudinal row (Figs. 37 b, 37 c), 1 + 1 small, simple trichomes anterior to most lateral hooks, and 1 + 1 small, simple trichomes on lateral margin. Tergite V with 1 + 1 sublateral, small, simple trichomes, and 1 + 1 small, simple trichomes on anterior margin; tergite VI with 1 + 1 submedian and 1 + 1 sublateral, small trichomes. Tergite VII with 1 + 1 submedian and 1 + 1 sublateral, small, simple trichomes. Tergite VIII with 1 + 1 submedian, simple or bifid, and 1 + 1 sublateral, simple trichomes, and spine combs distinctly resembling teeth on anterior margin (Fig. 37 e). Tergite IX weakly sclerotized, with 1 + 1 small spines. Spine combs on anterior margin of tergites II, VI–IX (Fig. 37 d). Abdominal sternite III (Figs. 38 a–d) with 1 + 1 submedian and 2 + 2 sublateral, small, simple trichomes; sternite IV with 1 + 1 submedian and 2 + 2 sublateral, small, simple trichomes; sternite V with 2 + 2 close, bifid or trifid hooks in row and 2 + 2 simple trichomes anterior to most lateral hooks (Fig. 38 b); sternites VI and VII with 2 + 2 well separated, simple, bifid or trifid hooks (Figs. 38 c, 38 d), sternite VII with 1 + 1 simple trichomes on lateral margin; sternite VIII without hooks; sternite IX weakly sclerotized. Abdominal sternites III–IX with spine combs on anteromedian margin (Fig. 38 a). Larva (last instar) (Figs. 39–45). Body length: 5.8–6.6 mm (mean = 6.2 mm, SD = 0.2, n = 10); head capsule lateral length: 0.6–0.8 mm (mean = 0.7 mm, SD = 0.06, n = 10); dorsal width of head capsule: 0.5–0.7 mm (mean = 0.6 mm, SD = 0.05, n = 10). General body coloration pale gray (in Carnoy’s solution); form as in Fig. 39. Head mainly pale brown, numerous small setae present on all surfaces and head capsule slightly wrinkled. Head pattern positive (Fig. 43). Cervical sclerites small, elliptical, free in membrane. Postgenal cleft subtriangular, wider basally (Figs. 41, 44). Postgenal bridge 0.7 times as long as hypostoma (Fig. 41). Hypostoma with strongly pigmented anterior margin and 9 apical teeth (Fig. 40): median tooth simple and more prominent than sublateral teeth, 3 + 3 rows of sublateral teeth, middle tooth smaller than remaining teeth, 1 + 1 lateral teeth nearly same height as median tooth, 2 poorly developed paralateral teeth, and 3 small lateral serrations; hypostoma with 1 + 1 line of 6 or 7 lateral setae parallel to lateral margin and 1 + 1 long and 1 + 1 or 2 + 2 short setae in posterior region of hypostoma near hypostomal groove. Subesophageal ganglion not pigmented. Antennae (Fig. 42) as long as labral fan stalk; antennal segments brown, except whitish apical onethird of median and basal region of distal segment; segments proportions (proximal, medial and distal) approximately 0.7–0.9: 0.4–0.6: 1.2–1.3 (n = 3). Mandible with 3 apical teeth, basal tooth more prominent than remaining teeth, second comblike teeth with first tooth longer than second and third, mandible with 9 internal teeth, and mandibular serration with anterior teeth longer than posterior; mandibular brushes well developed; mandible with small, simple setae near external margin and 2 prominent, simple trichomes at base of apical mandibular brush. Lateral mandibular process simple and thick. Maxillary palp heavily pigmented, nearly 3 times as long as wide at base. Cephalic fan with 43–47 rays. Thorax pale dorsally and grey ventrally. Proleg with plate heavily sclerotized with band of more than 40 processes of nearly 13 hooks (n = 1). Pupal gill histoblast dark brown with 8 filaments. Abdomen usually completely gray dorsally, progressively paler ventrally, last segments white; faint segmental banding visible dorsally (Fig. 39). Cuticle mainly lacking setae. Ventral nerve cord pale gray. Ventral posterior tubercles absent. Anterodorsal arms of anal sclerite shorter in length than posteroventral arms (Fig. 45). Posterior proleg bearing approximately 100 rows of up to 13 or 14 hooks (n = 2). Anal papillae with 3 branches, each with approximately 7 or 8 fingershaped lobes of same length (n = 1). Type Material Holotype (INPA): Brazil, Bahia State, Palmeiras County. Parque Nacional Chapada Diamantina: Cachoeira da Fumaça stream (# 32), 12 o 36 ’S 41 o 27 ’W, 31.vii. 2005 (N. Hamada, M. Pepinelli and V.L. Landeiro) female (pinned), with pupal exuviae in glycerine. Paratypes: Brazil, Bahia State, Palmeiras County. Parque Nacional Chapada Diamantina: Cachoeira da Fumaça stream (# 32), 12 o 36 ’S 41 o 27 ’W, 31.vii. 2005 (N. Hamada, M. Pepinelli & V.L. Landeiro) 2 pupae (P), 2 larvae (L) in ethanol, 1 male (M) pinned, with pupal exuviae in glycerine (INPA); small tributary of Mucujezinho stream (# 26), 12 o 28 ’S 41 o 27 ’W, 07.vii. 2003 (N. Hamada & J. Silva) 2 P, 2 L in ethanol (INPA); Galinha stream (# 29), Bomba village (Vale do Capão), Gerais do Vieira, 12 o 40 ’S 41 o 29 ’W, 08.vii. 2003 (N. Hamada & J. Silva) 3 L in ethanol (INPA); Batista River (# 30), Pousada do Capão, 12 o 37 ’S 41 o 29 ’W, 08.vii. 2003 (N. Hamada & J. Silva) 2 L in ethanol (INPA); Sobradinho stream (# 34), LençóisCapão trail, Gerais do Morrão, 12 o 32 ’S 41 o 28 ’W, 10.vii. 2003 (N. Hamada & J. Silva) 1 L, 1 P in ethanol, 1 F pinned with pupal exuviae in glycerine (INPA); Águas Claras stream, Gerais do Morrão, LençóisCapão trail, 12 o 31 ’S 41 o 28 ’W, 10.vii. 2003 (# 35) (N. Hamada & J. Silva) 1 L, 2 P in ethanol (INPA), 26.vii. 2005 (# 14) (N. Hamada & M. Pepinelli) 2 P ethanol (INPA); Morrão stream (# 13), Morrão trail, 12 o 31 ’S 41 o 28 ’W, 26.vii. 2005 (N. Hamada & M. Pepinelli) 1 L, 2 P in ethanol (INPA); headwater of Conceição dos Gatos stream (# 15), Morrão trail, 12 o 32 ’S 41 o 28 ’W, 26.vii. 2005 (N. Hamada & M. Pepinelli) 1 P in ethanol (INPA); Mucujezinho stream (# 17), 12 o 28 ’S 41 o 27 ’W, 27.vii. 2005 (N. Hamada & M. Pepinelli) 2 L, 3 P in ethanol (INPA). Lençóis County, Parque Nacional Chapada Diamantina: Cachoeirinha stream (# 32), 12 o 33 ’S 41 o 24 ’W, 09.vii. 2003 (N. Hamada & J. Silva) 2 P in ethanol (INPA), 25.vii. 2005 (N. Hamada & M. Pepinelli) 1 P in ethanol (INPA). Andaraí County, Parque Nacional Chapada Diamantina: Piabas River (below erosion area) (# 39), 12 o 51 ’S 41 o 18 ’W, 11.vii. 2003 (N. Hamada & J. Silva) 1 L, 2 P in ethanol (INPA); Piabas River (# 43), 12 o 57 ’S 41 o 16 ’W, 04.viii. 2005 (N. Hamada, M. Pepinelli & V.L. Landeiro) 2 L, 2 P in ethanol (INPA); Coisa Boa River (# 40), 12 o 51 ’S 41 o 18 ’W, 11.vii. 2003 (N. Hamada & J. Silva) 1 P in ethanol (INPA); Roncador River (# 41), “off road” track between Andaraí and Lençóis, 12 o 41 ’S 41 o 21 ’W, 11.vii. 2003 (N. Hamada & J. Silva) 2 L, 3 P in ethanol, 1 F pinned (INPA); Serrano River (# 9), 12 o 33 ’S 41 o 23 ’W, 25.vii. 2005 (N. Hamada, M. Pepinelli) 2 L, 1 P in ethanol (INPA); Pombos waterfall (# 38), Igatu, 12 o 54 ’S 41 o 19 ’W, 03.viii. 2005 (N. Hamada, M. Pepinelli & V.L. Landeiro) 2 P in ethanol (INPA). Mucugê County, Parque Nacional Chapada Diamantina: Cumbuca River (# 42), 12 o 59 ’S 41 o 21 ’W, 12.vii. 2003 (N. Hamada & J. Silva) 3 P in ethanol, 1 M pinned (INPA); 1 F, 1 M pinned (genitalia on slide), 2 F, 2 M, 7 P, 4 L in slides, several P in ethanol, several L in Carnoys (BMNH); stream in the access road to Sibéria waterfall (# 45), 12 o 56 ’S 41 o 21 ’W, 15.vii. 2003 (N. Hamada & J. Silva) 3 P in ethanol (INPA); Pimenteiras stream (# 46), in the access road to Sibéria waterfall, 12 o 57 ’S 41 o 21 ’W, 15.vii. 2003 (N. Hamada & J. Silva) 1 L, 4 P in ethanol (INPA); first stream on the access road to Sibéria waterfall (# 41), 12 o 58 ’S 41 o 21 ’W, 04.viii. 2005 (N. Hamada, M. Pepinelli & V.L. Landeiro) 2 L, 2 P in ethanol (INPA). Itaitê County, Urubu River (# 24), Chapadinha, Rumo village, 13 o 11 ’S 41 o 10 ’W, 29.vii. 2005 (N. Hamada, M. Pepinelli) 2 P in ethanol, 1 F pinned (INPA); Barrigudinha River (# 26), Rumo village, 13 o 13 ’S 41 o08’W, 29.vii. 2005 (N. Hamada, M. Pepinelli) 2 L, 2 P in ethanol, 2 F, 2 M pinned (INPA). Ibicoara County, Parque Muncipal Natural do Espalhado, Espalhado River (# 52), 13 o 19 ’S 41 o09’W, 08.viii. 2005 (N. Hamada, M. Pepinelli & V.L. Landeiro) 4 P in ethanol, 1 F, 1 M pinned (INPA). Rio de Contas County, Mocotó River (# 57), Mato Grosso village, 13 o 25 ’S 41 o 50 ’W, 10.viii. 2005 (N. Hamada, M. Pepinelli & V.L. Landeiro) 2 L, 3 P in ethanol (INPA). Etymology: This species is named in honor of Jeferson Oliveira da Silva (INPA / CPEN), an ethical and dedicated professional and a good friend, who has been working tirelessly with N. Hamada in the field and laboratory. Taxonomic discussion and diagnosis: Simulium jefersoni n. sp. is placed in the subgenus Chirostilbia based on the combination of characters given by Coscarón (1987, 1991). Within Chirostilbia, this species might be included in the S. pertinax species group by having females with a black thorax and tarsal claws with a basal tooth (Coscarón 1987). However, the males have a ridge on the median region of the gonostyle, as in the species of the S. subpallidum group. The adults in the subgenus Chirostilbia are difficult to separate, especially those species in the S. pertinax group, without examination of the pupal gill configuration. Comparisons, especially with species in image archives in the BMNH, identified black fly specimens at INPA and BMNH, and published illustrations of known species of Chirostilbia, indicate that S. jefersoni n. sp. is morphologically similar to several species. The females are externally similar to females of S. acarayense Coscarón & Wygodzinsky, S. laneportoi Varg a s, S. papaveroi Coscarón, S. serranum Coscarón, S. spinibranchium Lutz, the black form of S. subpallidum Lutz, and S. striginotum Enderlein by having the scutum black with 1 + 1 median and 1 + 1 sublateral silver pruinose vittae and a black lyreshaped pattern. However, the new species can be distinguished by the structure of the anal lobe (Fig. 15) and its length, which is nearly 1.5 times longer than the cercus. In the other species, the anal lobe is approximately 2.5 to 3 times longer than the cercus. The male thoracic pattern of S. jefersoni n. sp. is also similar to that of species in the S. pertinax species group, from which this species can be distinguished by the structure of the gonostyle and the ventral plate. In S. jefersoni n. sp., the gonostyle is conical and fingerlike with a ridge (Fig. 28), and the ventral plate is distinctly rectangular, with the ventral margin nearly straight (Fig. 27), similar to that of S. acarayense (Coscarón 1991). The most reliable character for identifying S. jefersoni n. sp. is the structure of the cocoon and the number and configuration of the pupal gill filaments. The pupa of the new species has eight gill filaments (Fig. 31), which group this species with S. acarayense, S. empascae, S. laneportoi, S. papaveroi, S. pertinax, S. serranum, S. spinibranchium and S. subpallidum. However, S. jefersoni n. sp. can be separated by the shoeshaped cocoon with prominent anterior fenestrations (Figs. 29, 30). In this respect, S. jefersoni n. sp. is similar to S. distinctum, S. friedlanderi, S. obesum Vulcano and S. riograndense, but the number of its gill filaments distinguishes it from these species, which have 10, 11,> 100, and 10 filaments, respectively. The cocoon in S. empascae is also shoeshaped, but the pupal gill filaments and the cocoon have different configurations. The pupa of S. jefersoni n. sp. also can be recognized by the set of three primary branches giving rise to three sets of secondary branches that curve at their midpoints and diverge inward apically (Fig. 31), and the thorax and frontoclypeus with prominent, multiramous trichomes (Figs. 32, 34). The pupae of the known eightfilamented species of Chirostilbia in the Neotropical Region have a different gill and trichome configuration pattern. The postgenal cleft of the lastinstar larva of S. jefersoni n. sp. is similar to that of S. serranum (Coscarón 1981), but both species can be distinguished by the different structure of the filaments of the gill histoblast. Bionomics: Simulium jefersoni n. sp. has been collected only in the state of Bahia, Brazil, in Chapada Diamantina National Park and the surrounding area. The immature stages were collected from trailing vegetation, deciduous leaves, and rocks in areas with faster flow in 30 rockbottomed streams, with width varying from 1 to 50 m. The streams had black water, mean water temperature of 21 o C (SD = 2.0), median electrical conductivity below 20 µS/cm, and mean pH of 4.5 (SD = 0.45). These streams were located at altitudes of 468 to 1345 m. Females were not collected biting humans.Published as part of Hamada, Neusa, Hernandez, Luis M., Luz, Sergio Luiz Bessa & Pepinelli, Mateus, 2006, Simulium (Chirostilbia) jefersoni, a new species of black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) from the state of Bahia, Brazil, pp. 21-37 in Zootaxa 1123 on pages 23-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17176
Rhopyscelis caldensis Cruza & Sallesb & Hamada 2020, comb. n.
No full textRhopyscelis caldensis (Gutiérrez, Dias & Salles 2013) comb. n. Paracloeodes caldensis Gutiérrez, Dias & Salles 2013: 291 Material examined. Three nymphs, two on slides (paratypes), COLOMBIA, Caldas, Neira, Qda. Collected on the highway, 5° 10,586’N / 75° 31,532’W, 10.ii.2011, Gutiérrez Y., Dias L., Walteros Y., Montaño M., Tabares F. and Hoyos D. cols, deposited at Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – Brazil. Additional material not examined: Holotype (mature nymph), COLOMBIA, Caldas, Neira, Qda. Sobre la carretera. 5°10,586’N 75°31, 532’W, 10.ii.2011, Gutiérrez, Y., Dias, L., Walteros, Y., Montaño, M., Tabares, F., Hoyos D. cols, deposited at Colección Entomológica del Programa de Biología, Universidad de Caldas, Manizale – Colombia. Diagnosis. Male imago. Adults are not known. Mature nymph. 1) antennae long, 2.0 × length of head capsule; 2) absence of medial decline on distal margin of labrum; 3) maxillae with palp twice the length of galealacinia; 4) lingua with a subconical apical projection (Fig. 5 in Gutiérrez et al. 2013); 5) glossa subtriangular (Fig. 7 in Gutiérrez et al. 2013); 6) tarsal claws 0.33 × length of tarsi; 7) abdominal terga I, VII and VIII darker than others. Distribution. Colombia.Published as part of Cruz, Paulo Vilela, Salles, Frederico Falcão & Hamada, Neusa, 2020, A cladistic approach for generic delimitation of Paracloeodes Day, Rivudiva Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, and Varipes Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae), pp. 256-275 in Insect Systematics & Evolution 51 (2) on pages 272-273, DOI: 10.1163/1876312X-00002199, http://zenodo.org/record/378679
On Relation between Hamada and Boozer Magnetic Coordinate System
No full text"The relation between the Hamada and the Boozer magnetic coordinate system is clarified by deriving them from a general magnetic field coordinate system. The coordinate transformation from the Hamada to the Boozer coordinate system is performed using a transformation function, which is easily calculated with the knowledge of the magnetic field strength only. In non-axisymmetric systems, the Fourier spectrum of the magnetic field strength |vec{B}| in the Hamada coordinate system is broader than that in the Boozer coordinate system and the leading modes of |vec{B}| in the Hamada coordinate system significantly deviate from a simple model field in comparison with the Boozer coordinate system. The Boozer coordinate system is suitable for numerical calculations, especially, for neoclassical and orbit calculations in non-axisymmetric systems."research repor
Nilothauma paucisetis Dantas & Hamada 2017, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Nilothauma paucisetis</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figs 1–7)</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Holotype: male, <b>BRAZIL:</b> Roraima: Serra da Mocidade, 01°42'22.5"N, 61°47'07.9"W, 29–30.i.2016, light-trap, J.M. Cavalcante (INPA). Paratype: 2 males, as holotype (INPA).</p> <p> <b>Diagnostic characters.</b> Tergite IX without dorsal projections, with one dorsal seta; anal point distinct but small; inferior volsella straight, with 3–4 fine apical setae.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> From the Latin <i>pauci</i> (few) and <i>setis</i> (setae), referring to the presence of only few setae on TIX.</p> <p> <b>Male</b> (n= 1–3). Total length 2.27–2.70 mm. Wing length 1.21–1.41 mm. Total length / wing length 1.88–1.91. Wing length/ length of profemur 2.38–2.40.</p> <p> <i>Coloration.</i> Thorax, legs and abdomen uniformly brown.</p> <p> <i>Head</i> (Fig.1). Antenna as in Figure 3. AR 0.35–0.40. Thirteenth flagellomere 198–230 µm long. Temporal setae 5–6 in a single row including 2 inner and 3–4 outer verticals. Frontal tubercles not distinct. Clypeus with 10–12 setae. Cibarial pump with anterior margin slightly concave, 130–150 µm long. Tentorium 60 µm long, maximum width 19 µm. Stipes 96–110 µm long. Palpomeres length (I–V, in µm): 20–28, 24–28, 79–88, 130–145, 154. Third palpomere with 3 sensilla clavata subapically, longest 12–13 µm long. Fifth palpomere / third palpomere 1.95. Eyes separated by 35–38 µm, dorsomedial extension 100–110 µm long, 50–53 µm wide.</p> <p> <i>Thorax</i> (Fig 2). Dorsocentrals 5–8 in single row; acrostichals 8–14, biserial, starting close to anterior margin of scutum; prealars 2–3. Scutellum with 2 setae.</p> <p> <i>Wing</i> (Fig 4). WW 0.29–0.30. VR 1.32–1.41. Brachiolum with 1 seta, R with 14 setae, R1 with 10–11 setae, R4+5 with 15–19 setae, remaining veins bare. Anal lobe reduced.</p> <p> <i>Legs.</i> Spur of fore tibia 27–28 µm long, scale 18–21 µm long. Mid tibia with 1 spur, 13 µm long; hind tibia with 2 spurs, 13 and 16 µm long. Combs of mid tibia 14 µm long, of hind tibia 16 µm long. Width at apex of fore tibia 35–39 µm, of mid tibia 35–41 µm, of hind tibia 39–43 µm. Mid and hind legs with pseudopurs in ta1–ta4; all legs with slender and curved claws. Lengths (in µm) and proportions of leg segments presented in Table 1.</p> <p> <i>Abdomen.</i> Tergites with few setae. Segment VIII 14 0–165 µm long, about 130 µm wide, weakly tapered anteriorly.</p> <p> <i>Hypopygium</i> (Figs 5–6). Tergite IX with wedge-shaped posterior margin; without dorsal projection, with one hair-like seta, posterior margin of tergite with 5–6 setae on each side. Anal point distinct but small, lanceolated, 21–25 µm long, 7–10 µm wide medially. Laterosternite IX with 2–3 setae. Phallapodeme slightly sinuous, 50–54 µm long; transverse sternapodeme straight, 26–27 µm long. Gonocoxite 92–97 µm long. Inferior volsella small, straight, 26–35 µm long, with microtrichia and 3–4 fine apical setae, of which at least 1 apically split. Superior volsella, 28–33 µm long, cylindrical, slender, straight to slightly sinuous (Fig. 8), with microtrichia and 4–6 apical, small, fine setae. Median volsella (Fig. 7) 18 µm long, cylindrical, straight, slightly curved apically, without microtrichia and basal setae, with 2 apical setae sitting on small tubercles. Gonostylus slender and curved, 97–92 µm long, with 2–4 dorsal setae near the base. HR 1.05–1.06. HV 2.50–3.10.</p> <p> <b>Female imago and immatures</b>. Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b>. Known only from the type locality in the Serra da Mocidade National Park, Caracaraí, Roraima State, Brazil.</p>Published as part of <i>Dantas, Galileu P. S. & Hamada, Neusa, 2017, Three new species of Nilothauma Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Brazil, pp. 350-360 in Zootaxa 4282 (2)</i> on pages 351-352, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4282.2.8, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/818734">http://zenodo.org/record/818734</a>
Nilothauma jaquei Dantas & Hamada 2017, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Nilothauma jaquei</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figs 15–20)</p> <p> <b>Diagnostic characters.</b> Anal point well-developed; TIX without dorsal projections, with 42–45 dorsal setae; superior volsella slender, without microtrichia, with one apical seta and a lateral spine. <b>Etymology.</b> The name is in honor of Mr. Giacomo Pes (Jaque) for the support and warm welcome given during the field work in southern Brazil.</p> <p> <b>Male</b> (n= 1–3). Total length 2.23–2.25 mm. Wing length 1.08–1.11 mm. Total length / wing length 2.02–2.06. Wing length / length of profemur 2.29–2.30.</p> <p> <i>Coloration.</i> General coloration yellowish-green; antenna greenish-brow, palps pale; thorax with scutum, vittae, postnotum and inferior half of preepisternum light-brown, scutellum and haltere pale; wings unmarked. Fore femur with 1/3 basal and 1/3 apical brown, fore tibia with1/5 basal and 1/3 apical brown, apical half of ta1 and ta2–ta5 brown; mid femur greenish-yellow with brown apex, mid tibia and ta1 greenish-yellow, mid ta2–ta5 light brown; hind femur, tibia and ta1 greenish-yellow, ta2–ta5 light-brown.</p> <p> <i>Head</i> (Fig. 15). Antenna as in Figure 17. AR 0.18. Thirteenth flagellomere 98–101 µm long. Temporal setae 5–6 in a single row including 2 inner and 3–4 outer verticals. Frontal tubercles not distinct. Clypeus with 17–18 setae. Cibarial pump with anterior margin concave, 135–153 µm long. Tentorium 70–87 µm long, maximum width 15–16 µm. Stipes 110–140 µm long. Palp segment lengths (I–V, in µm): 25–27, 23–25, 88–89, 104–106, 143–148. Third palpomere with 2 sensilla clavata subapically, longest 16 µm long. Fifth palpomere / third palpomere 1.61–1.66. Eyes separated by 30–37 µm, dorsomedial extension 103–108 µm long, 68–77 µm wide.</p> <p> <i>Thorax</i> (Fig. 16). Dorsocentrals 8–9 in single row; acrostichals 14–16, biserial, starting just before the anterior margin of scutum; prealars 2. Scutellum with 2 setae.</p> <p> <i>Wing</i> (Fig. 18). WW 0.36–0.38. VR 1.54–1.56. Brachiolum with 1 setae, R with 13–14 setae, R1 with 10–13 setae, R4+5 with 14–16 setae, remaining veins bare. Anal lobe reduced.</p> <p> <i>Legs.</i> Spur of fore tibia 19–22 µm long, scale 24–25 µm long. Mid tibia with 1 spur, 14–15 µm long; hind tibia with 2 spurs, 17–18 and 20–21 µm long. Combs of mid tibia 16–18 µm long, of hind tibia 19–20 µm long. Width at apex of fore tibia 35–38 µm, of mid tibia 40–43 µm, of hind tibia 44–45 µm. Mid legs with pseudopurs in ta1–ta4; all legs with slender and curved claws. Lengths (in µm) and proportions of leg segments as in Table 3.</p> <p> <i>Abdomen.</i> Tergites with few setae. Segment VIII 146–157 µm long, 160–179 µm wide medially, weakly tapered anteriorly.</p> <p> <i>Hypopygium</i> (Figs. 19–20). Tergite IX with square-shaped posterior margin; without dorsal lobe(s), with 42–45 strong dorsal setae in the median area and 8–9 weaker setae on each side close to base of anal point, distinct anal tergite bands present. Anal point well-developed, rounded at apex, 35–37 µm long, 15–18 µm wide medially. Laterosternite IX with 2 setae. Phallapodeme straight, 52–56 µm long; transverse sternapodeme straight, 18–20 µm long. Gonocoxite 78–80 µm long. Inferior volsella cylindrical, slender, with enlarged apex, 48–54 µm long, covered with microtrichia, with 4 curved bristle at apex, one of which is split. Superior volsella slender, slightly sinuous, 20–23 µm long, without microtrichia, with one apical seta and one lateral spine, 10–11 µm long. Median volsella strongly reduced, consisting of 3 tubercles, each with microtrichia and 1 apical seta. Gonostylus tapered at base, 96–102 µm long, with 3–4 dorsal setae near the base. HR 0.76–0.83. HV 2.19–2.34.</p> <p> <b>Female imago and immatures.</b> Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Known only from the type locality in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.</p>Published as part of <i>Dantas, Galileu P. S. & Hamada, Neusa, 2017, Three new species of Nilothauma Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Brazil, pp. 350-360 in Zootaxa 4282 (2)</i> on pages 354-358, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4282.2.8, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/818734">http://zenodo.org/record/818734</a>
Gyrinus (Oreogyrinus) rhyssonotum Colpani & Benetti & Hamada 2019, sp. n.
No full textGyrinus (Oreogyrinus) rhyssonotum sp. n. (Figs 1 A–E, 2A–B, 3A–C) Type locality. BRAZIL, Amazonas state, Barcelos County, Serra do Aracá, 00°54'03.89"N 63°25'45.30"W (Figs 3 A–C). Type material. Holotype ♂ (INPA, pinned) “ BRAZIL, Amazonas State, Barcelos County, Serra do Aracá, first-order stream, 00°54'03.89"N 63°25'45.30"W, 1104 m, 27.VII.2009, leg. Pes, A.M.O. &. Hamada, N.”. Paratypes (29 exs): 2 ♂, 8 ♀ (1 ♂, 7 ♀ INPA, pinned; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ZSM, pinned), same locality as holotype; 2 ♂ (INPA, pinned), same locality except “pond near Igarapé da Anta, 30.VII.09, leg. Pes, A.M.O. &. Hamada, N.”; 10 ♂, 7 ♀ (INPA, alcohol) same data except “stream, Igarapé da Anta, 00°54'30.38"N 63°26'24.32"W, 116 m, 01.VIII.09, leg. Pes, A.M.O. &. Hamada, N.”. Diagnosis. Pronotal and elytral margins broad (Fig. 1A); elytral disc lacking reticulation, appearing polished; elytral striae VII–IX sulcate, striae I–XI with mostly distinct round punctures in longitudinal series; elytral apex round to slightly truncate (Fig. 1A); epipleural angle indistinct; median lobe of aedeagus shorter than parameres, broad, with apex broadened and almost truncate, base 1.4 times broader than apex (Fig. 2A); parameres broad with apex truncate, with slightly prominent internal angle; gonocoxae elongate, with apices truncate (Fig. 2B). Description. Male. Habitus. Medium-sized species. Body oval, broad, weakly convex in lateral view, greatest convexity near elytral mid-length, evenly depressed anteriorly and posteriorly (Fig. 1A). Measurements (n = 20). TL: 4.44–4.95 mm; MW: 2.53–2.80 mm; HL: 0.74–0.95 mm; HW: 1.52–1.73 mm; CL: 0.12–0.17 mm; CW: 0.66–0.76 mm; DD: 0.50–0.59 mm; LW: 0.45–0.63 mm; PL: 0.75–0.81 mm; EL: 3.23– 3.72 mm; EH: 1.25–1.67 mm; EW: 1.23–2.80 mm; PTL: 0.80–0.96 mm; PFL: 1.07–1.21 mm; PFW: 0.29–0.33 mm; PTAL: 0.45–0.50 mm; PTAW: 0.15–0.19 mm. Coloration (Figs. 1 A–C). Head, pronotum and elytra black, with blue metallic reflections (Fig. 1A, B); lateral margins of pronotum and elytra (striae VIII–XI) with reflections bronzy yellow and green. Ventral view dark brown, with bronzy metallic reflections; labial palpomeres and last maxillary palpomere with dark-brown apices; meso and metacoxae darker with orangish-yellow pitches apically; abdominal ventrites VII and VIII reddish brown to dark orange yellow; legs dark yellow to orangish-yellow with dark spots. Sculpture and structure (at a magnification of 120×). Head. 2.0 times wider than long (Fig. 1B); front with two round depressions; frontolateral margins convex, reticulation evident, composed of scale-like sculpticells; vertex and frons with striae evident and sparse punctures separated by 2– 4X diameter of a puncture, frontolateral and postocular margins wrinkled (Fig. 1B); clypeus 1.2 times longer than labrum, with anterior edge nearly straight, frontoclypeal suture with posterior margin sinuous, lateral margins slightly convex (Fig. 1B), reticulation evident, composed of scale-like sculpticells, striae evident throughout the clypeus, punctures sparse, separated by 2– 4X diameter of a puncture; labrum convex, punctation strongly impressed on anterior margin, separated by 1.5–2.0X diameter of a puncture. Thorax. Pronotum. Anterior margin sinuous, posterior margin slightly curved, lateral margins broad and wrinkled (Figs 1A,B); pronotal transverse line strongly impressed with well marked wrinkles anteriorly and posteriorly (Fig. 1 B–D); pronotal disc with well impressed wrinkles and dense micropunctures (Figs 1C, D); punctures present throughout the pronotum, strongly impressed, separated by 1.5–2.0X their diameter (Fig. 1D). Elytra. Striae VII–IX sulcate, intervals I–III with linear disposition basally, intervals I–VI convex; stria XI strictly marginal; elytral margin uniform over almost all of its length, narrowing near epipleural apical angle (Fig. 1A); lateral margin separated from apex by a plica; fine punctation present among elytral intervals I–XI, distance between the nearest punctures 1.5–2.0X diameter of a puncture (Fig. 1E); large punctures of elytral series well marked (Fig. 1E); elytral apex rounded to slightly truncate; epipleural angle slightly distinct, sutural angle distinct (Fig. 1A). Mesoventrite grooved on lateral margin, apex with anterior margin rounded, groove evident in medial portion, extending to the posterior portion; medial pit present; setae present on anterolateral region. Profemur 3.7X longer than maximum width. Protarsus dorsally convex, broad, 2.6–3.0X longer than wide, about 1/ 3X length of protibia. Abdomen. Tergite VIII wider than long, apex rounded, with light yellow setae present on the entire surface, with weak longitudinal carina, ending before reaching apex. Aedeagus (Fig. 2A). median lobe of aedeagus shorter than parameres, broad, in dorsal view with lateral margins sinuous, weakly attenuated at the end of basal 2/3 and then broadened in apical 1/3 towards apex, which is slightly triangular and weakly raised medially; width of median lobe about 0.8 times width of apex of parameres; base 1.4 times broader than apex; in lateral view median lobe thick, dorsally curved. Parameres broad, with apex strongly truncate and slightly prominent internal angle. Female. Sculpture (micropunctures and wrinkles) more evident than in male. Elytral disc free of reticulation, elytral intervals I–XI with fine punctation. Gonocoxae (Fig. 2B) elongate, straight, narrowed at middle, with external and internal margins slightly concave, apex truncate, slightly concave; base wider than apex. Etymology. The specific epithet rhyssonotum refers to the quite evident wrinkles on the pronotum; rhysso (G.) = wrinkled; notum (G.) = the back). Distribution. This species is currently known only from the Barcelos county, Amazonas State, in northern Brazil (Fig. 3 A–C). Habitat. Specimens of this species were collected in streams and pools (Fig. 3 B–C).Published as part of Colpani, Daniara, Benetti, Cesar João & Hamada, Neusa, 2019, Gyrinus rhyssonotum sp. n., a new species of Gyrinidae (Coleoptera: Adephaga) from northern Brazil, pp. 164-170 in Zootaxa 4560 (1) on pages 165-168, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/262750
Tricorythopsis yusuaia Belmont, Cruz & Hamada, 2015, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Tricorythopsis yusuaia</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figs. 7–11)</p> <p>Diagnosis: This species can be distinguished from other species in the genus by following combination of characteristics: 1) abdomen with black and reddish marks (Figs. 7 and 8); 2) presence of strongly sclerotized spine on base of median filament (Fig. 9); 3) base and lateral margins of penes sclerotized (Fig. 11).</p> <p>Description. Male imago: Length: body 1.5—1.8 mm; wing 1.8—2.1 mm (n = 10). General coloration, yellowish with black markings (Fig. 12).</p> <p>Head: Yellowish, with black markings on posterior margin (Fig. 7). Ocelli grayish, surrounded by black. Scape, pedicel and flagellum yellowish.</p> <p>Thorax: Pronotum whitish with black markings; two yellowish marks in posterolateral margin; Mesonotum yellowish with black and reddish marks on posterior region. Metanotum yellowish.</p> <p>Wings: Membrane hyaline, longitudinal and cross veins grayish (Fig. 10).</p> <p>Legs: Coxae and trochanters of fore legs whitish; coxae of mid and hind legs with black marks and trochanters whitish. Femora whitish with reddish markings on distal portion; tibiae and tarsal segments of fore legs grayish; tibiae and tarsal segments of mid and hind legs whitish.</p> <p>Abdomen: Terga translucent, with medial black mark on all segments, terga I to VII with reddish marks; sterna translucent, sterna I to VI with two black spots on anterolateral margins, sterna V to IX with medial black mark on all segments. Caudal filaments grayish, spine strongly sclerotized on base of median filament (Fig. 9).</p> <p>Genitalia: Yellowish; forceps two-segmented, with projected posterolateral margins of styliger plate forming slender base for each with distal segment conical, shorter than basal segment and directed outwardly; penes lobes slender, divided on apical 1/4; lateral margins of penes sclerotized (Fig. 11).</p> <p> Discussion: <i>Tricorythopsis yusuaia</i> sp. nov. is similar to <i>Tricorythopsis artigas</i> Traver, 1958 by presenting body with reddish and blackish marks; penes divided at apical 1/4 and posterolateral projections of styliger plate similar in length to forceps segment I. However, it can be separated by the strongly sclerotized spine on the base of the median filament and by the sclerotized lateral margins of the penis.</p> <p>Etymology: The specific epithet is a free union of two words in Tupí-Guarani language, a Brazilian indigenous language (yu—thorn; suaia—tail); this word is a reference to the large spine present on the median filament.</p> <p>Type material: Holotype—adult ♂ (alcohol), Brazil, Amapá, Amapá municipality, Amapá River Grande, Cachoeira Grande, (N 02°09'43.1" / W 050°55'17.3"), 07.viii.2011, Cruz, P.V. col. (INPA). Paratypes— 10 adults ♂ (alcohol), same data (INPA). Additional specimens: 1 male imago, Amapá, bridge over the Ranof River, Oiapoque road, (N 02°40'47.4" / W 51°21'09.1"), 10.viii.2013, Nascimento, J. M. C., Hamada, N., Silva, J. O. col. (INPA); 3 male imago, Amapá, Tartarugalzinho River, (N 01°45'55.7" / W 50°52'40.2"), 11.viii.2013, Nascimento, J. M. C., Hamada, N., Silva, J. O. col. (INPA); 4 male imago, Amapá, Amapá Grande River (waterfall), (N 02°09'43.7" / W 51°40'43.2"), 07.viii.2013, Nascimento, J. M. C., Hamada, N., Silva, J. O. col. (INPA).</p>Published as part of <i>Belmont, Enide Luciana L., Cruz, Paulo Vilela & Hamada, Neusa, 2015, A new species of Tricorythopsis Traver, 1958 (Leptohyphidae) and occurrence of Pannota (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) species in Amapá state, Brazil, pp. 104-112 in Zootaxa 4007 (1)</i> on page 108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4007.1.7, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/233180">http://zenodo.org/record/233180</a>
Miroculis (Miroculis) tepequensis Neto & Hamada, 2013, sp. nov.
No full textMiroculis (Miroculis) tepequensis sp. nov. (Figs. 1–9) Diagnosis: Miroculis (M.) tepequensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species in the subgenus by the following combination of characters in the male imago: 1) upper portion of eyes on long stalks with nine facets in the longest row, 2) forewing basal 2 / 3 with membrane brown pigmented and with a few cells translucent; apical 1 / 3 with membrane translucent and brown spots around cross veins, 3) Penes tubular with length equal to segment I of forceps, with apex ending in a internally directed hook and with a membranous dorsal median region. Maximum length: body 6.3–6.5 mm (n= 10, SD= ± 0.10); forewing 4.9–5.3 mm (n= 10, SD= ± 0.25); hind wing 1.5–1.6 mm (n= 10, SD= ± 0.03). Head (Figs. 5–7). Yellowish brown. Antennae: pedicel, scape and flagellum brown translucent. Ocelli: translucent surrounded by black (Fig. 5). Eyes: lower portion black; dorsal portion on long narrow stalk with nine facets in its longest row (Figs. 5–7). Presence of translucent bridge between dorsal portions of the eyes (Fig. 5). Thorax (Figs. 6–9). Pro, meso and metanotum dark brown with median longitudinal suture of mesonotum yellowish (Fig. 6). Pleura and sterna yellowish brown with margins clear (Fig. 8–9). Wings: forewing: longitudinal and cross veins brown; basal 2 / 3 with membrane brown (Fig. 1); apical 1 / 3 with membrane translucent and cross veins surrounded by brown pigmentation (Fig. 1). Hind wing: longitudinal and cross veins brown, membrane brown except for some cells translucent, especially in the middle portion of the wing (Fig. 2). Legs: broken off and missing. Abdomen (Fig. 7). Yellowish brown. Terga IV–VIII with two dark spots in the middle dorsal region; terga IX–X light brown (Fig. 7). Genitalia (Figs. 3–4). Length of styliger plate 0.21 to 0.23 mm (n= 10, SD= 0.01), light brown, posterior margin straight. Forceps: light brown with subapical dark spot. Inner margin of first segment with spines from base to medial portion. Penes: brown, long and tubular with base larger than apex ending in a hook internally directed, median dorsal region membranous; length equal to the first segment of the forceps. Filaments: light brown with dark rings on the base of segments along the entire length (Fig. 7). Female imago and nymph: unknown Material examined: Holotype: male imago, Brazil, State of Roraima, Amajari municipality, Serra Tepequém, second-order stream (03° 87 ' 39.6 "N / 61 ° 44 ' 49.8 "W), 30.v. 2012 to 3.vi. 2012, Gama Neto, J.L. coll. (INPA). Paratype: nine male imagos same data as holotype (7 INPA and 2 CZNC). Etymology: Tepequém is the name of the mountain range where this species was collected. Discussion Miroculis (M.) tepequensis sp.nov. shares similar characteristics with other species of Miroculis (Miroculis): M.(M.) fittkaui Savage & Peters, 1983, M.(M.) nebulosus Savage, 1987, M.(M.) caparaoensis Sales & Lima, 2011 and M.(M.) fazzariensis Costa & Mariano, 2013. In these species, the fore and hind wings have bands or maculae around cross veins and penes not extending beyond forceps. In general, the male imago of M. tepequensis sp. nov. is very similar to that of M. fazzariensis, however, M. tepequensis sp. nov. has the apical 1 / 3 of the forewing translucent with cross veins surrounded by brown pigmentation, while M. fazzariensis has only a few translucent cells in the middle and apical portions of the forewing. Furthermore, the apical region of the penes of M. tepequensis sp. nov. ends in a hook, while in M. fazzariensis this region is long, thin and membranous; and in lateral view, the stalks of the upper region of the eyes of M. tepequensis sp. nov. are longer, twice the length of the stalks in M. fazzariensis. Miroculis tepequensis sp. nov. and M. fittkaui differ in the color patterns of forewings, which are more pigmented in the new species, and in the shape of the penes which apically excavated in M. fittkaui. Miroculis tepequensis sp. nov. differs from M. nebulosus by having the length of the penes similar to that of the first segment of the forceps, whereas in M. nebulosus the length of the penes longer, 1.6 times the length of the first segment of the forceps. Miroculis tepequensis sp. nov. differs from M. caparaoensis mainly by characteristics of the penes, which, in the latter species, is short with a rounded and excavated apex. With the description of M. tepequensis sp. nov. the number of known Miroculis species increases from 16 to 17, and the genus is first recorded from the state of Roraima. Acknowledgments The authors wish to express their gratitude to Museu Integrado de Roraima (MIRR) for logistical support, to the projects CT-Amazônia/ CNPq (Process n. 575875 / 2008 - 9) and Pró-equipamentos/CAPES/INPA/Dcen; to CAPES for a doctoral scholarship awarded to J.L.G. Neto and to CNPq for a research fellowship awarded to Neusa Hamada. References Costa, S.S. & Mariano, R. (2013) Description of a new species of Miroculis Edmunds, 1963 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Brazil. Zootaxa, 3599 (5), 495–498. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.11646 /zootaxa.3599.5.7 Dominguez, E., Molineri, C., Pescador, M.L., Hubbard, D.M. & Nieto, C. (2006) Ephemeroptera of South America, Aquatic Biodiversity of Latin America (ABLA Series). Sofia-Moscow, 646 pp. Dominguez, E., Molineri, C., Nieto, C., Hubbard, M.D., Pescador, M. & Zúñiga, M.C. (2013) Checklist of South American species of Ephemeroptera (update 23 rd May, 2013). Available from: http://www.ephemeropteragalactica.com/cats.php (Accessed 25 June 2013) Edmunds, G.F. Jr. (1963) A new genus and species of mayfly from Peru (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 39, 34- 36. Peters, J.G., Domínguez, E. & Currea Dereser, A. (2008) Species of Miroculis from the Serranía de Chiribiquete in Colombia. In: Hauer, F.R., Stanford, J.A. & Newell, R.L. (Eds.), International advances in the ecology, zoogeography and systematics of mayflies and stoneflies. Vol. 128. University of California Publications in Entomology, pp. 295-305. Salles, F.F. & Lima, M.M. (2011) New species and new records of Miroculis Edmunds (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 2740, 53– 58. Salles, F.F., Boldrini, R., Nascimento, J.C.M., Raimundi, E.A. & Shimano, Y.F. (2011) Ephemeroptera do Brasil. Available from: http://www.ephemeroptera.com.br (Accessed 10 October 2013) Savage, H.M. & Peters, W.L. (1983) Systematics of Miroculis and related genera from Northern South America (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 108, 491 – 600. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1111 /j. 1439 -0469.1983.tb00281.xPublished as part of Neto, Jaime De Liege Gama & Hamada, Neusa, 2013, A new species of Miroculis Edmunds, 1963 (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae) from northern Brazil, pp. 597-600 in Zootaxa 3734 (5) on pages 597-600, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3734.5.9, http://zenodo.org/record/22040
Rhopyscelis singuil Cruza & Sallesb & Hamada 2020, comb. n.
No full textRhopyscelis singuil (Nieto 2004) comb. n. Varipes singuil Nieto 2004: 169; Domínguez et al. 2006: 188; Castillo & Pérez 2011: 348; Gutiérrez et al. 2013: 295. Material examined. One nymph on slide (paratype), ARGENTINA, Escaba, State of Tucuman, Rio Singuil, 5.viii.1999, Molineri C. col. One nymph on slide (paratype), ARGENTINA, Salta, Dpto. Guachipas, Rio Grande de El Sauce, 15.ix.1998, Domínguez E., Molineri C. and Ubero cols, deposited at Museo Miguel Lillo – Argentina. Additional material not examined: Holotype (male nymph), Tucuman, ARGENTINA, river Medina, S26°32’27”. W65°01’45”, 860 m. 14.vi. 2001, Moiineri, Manzo, Orce & Nieto cols, deposited at Museo Miguel Lillo - Argentina. Diagnosis. Male imago. The characters used in the generic section can also be used for specific identification. Mature nymph. 1) antennae long, 1.5 × length of head capsule; 2) presence of medial decline on distal margin of labrum; 3) maxillae with palp 1.5 × length of galealacinia; 4) lingua with a small rounded apical projection (Fig. 35 in Nieto 2004); 5) glossa subcircular (Fig. 37 in Nieto 2004); 6) tarsal claws 0.36 × length of tarsi; 7) abdominal terga I and VIII dark brown. Distribution. Argentina.Published as part of Cruz, Paulo Vilela, Salles, Frederico Falcão & Hamada, Neusa, 2020, A cladistic approach for generic delimitation of Paracloeodes Day, Rivudiva Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, and Varipes Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae), pp. 256-275 in Insect Systematics & Evolution 51 (2) on page 272, DOI: 10.1163/1876312X-00002199, http://zenodo.org/record/378679
Apobaetis pasternakae De Lima & Cruz & Hamada 2023, sp. nov.
No full textApobaetis pasternakae sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CA9DDFA5-45BE-44FC-9EC5-A92B09F133B8 Figs 1, 3–5 Apobaetis fiuzai – Cruz et al. 2011: 89. –– Falcão et al. 2011: 519. –– Boldrini et al. 2012: 92. Diagnosis MALE IMAGO (adapted from Cruz et al. 2011). Wing (Cruz et al. 2011: fig. 8). hyaline, veins light brown; stigmatic area with eight veins not touching Sc vein; marginal intercalary veins paired, except single between veins IMP2 and CuA, absent between CuA and A; length of each intercalary vein 0.6× distance between adjacent longitudinal vein; length of forewing about 2.5 × width. External genitalia (Cruz et al. 2011: fig. 10a–b). Area between unistyligers with a deep V emargination. Internal genitalia (Fig. 5H). A pair of sclerotized gonovectes V-shaped, broad apex (gv); retractor muscle of the gonovectes fixed in the angle region of the gonovectes (m.gv); sclerotized penial bridge (pb); a pair of styligeral muscle (ms). NYMPH. Characterized by a combination of the following characters: 1) labrum rectangular, distal medial margin with one protuberance; dorsal surface with 3 to 5 elongated and blunt medial setae near distal margin (Fig. 4A–B); 2) hypopharynx with lingua subcircular, with apical tuft of setae, length subequal to superlingua (Fig. 4E); 3) maxillary palp long, greater than or equal to 2.0× the length of galea-lacinia; segment II tapering abruptly from the apical half to the apex, without apical constriction (Fig. 4F); 4) labial palp segment II with triangular pointed distomedial projection, apically directed; segment III rectangular, distal margin slightly concave (Fig. 4G); 5) foreleg with dorsal margin of femur with one row of 11 to 13 concave and blunt long setae; claw 0.6–0.8× length of tarsus, without row of denticles (Fig. 5A); 6) posterior margin of tergum IV with triangular and pointed spines in irregular sizes (Fig. 5C); 7) paraproct with several marginal spines, posterolateral extension without spines (Fig. 5E). Etymology The species name is a tribute to Dr Natália Pasternak, founder of the Instituto Questão de Ciências in São Paulo. During the Coronavirus Pandemic, she acted fighting fake news. Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • nymph on slide; Amazonas State, Manaus, Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, stream Barro Branco; 02º53′ S, 59º58′ W; 10 Mar. 2009; R. Boldrini and P. V. Cruz leg.; INPA. Paratypes BRAZIL – Amazonas • 2 nymphs on slide; same collection data as for holotype; INPA • 5 nymphs in alcohol 80%; same collection data as for holotype; INPA. Additional material BRAZIL – Amazonas • 12 ♂♂ imagoes in 80% alcohol; Manaus, Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, stream Barro Branco; 02º53′ S, 59º58′ W; 8Apr. 2009; R. Boldrini leg.; INPA • 5 males imagoes genitalia on slide; same collection data as for preceding; INPA • 6 nymphs on slide; Presidente Figueiredo, Corredeira da Pantera; 02º02′ S, 59º50′ W; 8 Nov. 2009; R. Boldrini and P. V. Cruz leg.; INPA • 1 nymph on slide; same collection data as for preceding; 12 Nov. 2009; INPA • 3 nymphs on slide; Presidente Figueiredo, Cachoeira do Santuário; 02º03′ S, 59º55′ W; 13 Nov. 2009; R. Boldrini and P. V. Cruz leg.; INPA • 1 nymph on slide; Apuí; 07º11′ S, 59º53′ W; 2 Jul. 2018; P. V. Cruz, G. Desidério and N. Hamada leg.; INPA. – Roraima • 2 nymphs on slide; Caroebe, Rio Caroebe, ramal 37, Cachoeirinha farms; 00º57′09.2″ N, 59º37′00.5″ W; 23 Mar. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA • 12 nymphs in alcohol 80%; same collection data as for preceding; INPA • 1 nymph in alcohol 80%; Caroebe, Lago Jacundá, Vicinal 02; 00º50′59.8″ N, 59º40′48.2″ W; 29 Nov. 2006; J.N. Falcão leg.; INPA • 2 nymphs on slide; São João da Baliza, sítio do igarapé; 01º00′59.7″ N, 59º55′53.1″ W; 24 Mar. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA • 3 nymphs in alcohol 80%; same collection data as for preceding; INPA • 3 nymphs on slide; Caroebe, Igarapé do Jacaré, vicinal 05; 01º03′58.2″ N, 59º3′06.8″ W; 19 Mar. 2013; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA • 4 nymphs on slide; Caroebe, Rio Caroebe, vicinal 05; 01º03′58.2″ N, 59º3′06.8″ W; 12 Mar. 2018; P. V. Cruz and I.O. Fernandes leg.; INPA • 1 nymph on slide; Pacaraima, Rio Ereu; 01º56′01.3″ N, 61º01′38.4″ W; 26 Mar. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA • 1 nymph on slide; Boa Vista, Rio Murupu; 03º01′16.3″ N, 60º46′32.9″ W; 19 Dec. 2004; N. Hamada and F.F. Salles leg.; INPA • 1 nymph on slide; Bonfim, Rio Arraia; 03º21′01.6″ N, 59º54′14.5″ W; 5 Nov. 2006; J.N. Falcão leg.; INPA • 1 nymph in alcohol 80%; Caroebe, Lago Jacundá, first bridge, Vicinal 2; 00º50′59.8″ N, 59º40′48.2″ W; 29 Nov. 2008; J.N. Falcão leg.; INPA • 2 nymphs on slide; Bonfim, Rio Arraia; 03º21′04.0″ N, 59º54′13.5″ W; 27 Mar. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA • 2 nymphs in alcohol 80%; same collection data as for preceding; INPA • 2 nymphs on slide; Cantá, Rio do Cachorro bridge; 02º25′20.2″ N, 60º40′00.9″ W; 28 Mar. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA • 2 nymphs on slide; BR 170; 02º08′59.9″ N, 60º40′39.9″ W; 28 Mar. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA. – Rondônia • 3 nymphs on slide; Candeias do Jamarí, Igarapé da Onça; 08º52′40.0″ S, 63º38′02.2″ W; 9 Jul. 2016; N. Hamada and P. V. Cruz leg.; INPA. – Maranhão • 2 nymphs on slide; Estreito, BR 010, near the bridge, Rio Farinha; 06º31′47.3″ S, 47º28′11.4″ W; 22 Jul. 2010; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA. Description Nymph LENGTH. Body: 2.9–3.1 mm. HEAD. Antenna. Flagellum with minute spines at apex of each flagellomere. Labrum (Fig. 4A–B). Length about 0.5 × maximum width; distal medial margin with one protuberance; dorsal surface with 3 to 5 elongated and blunt medial setae near distal margin; medially with one row of long and thin setae near distal margin; long, thin and simple setae covering dorsal surface; ventral surface with spine-like setae on distolateral and distal margins. Left mandible (Fig. 4C). Incisors not fused; outer and inner set of incisors with 4 and 3 denticles, respectively; prostheca robust, bifurcated at apex, outer lobe robust, inner lobe slender with medial tuft of setae; margin between prostheca and mola concave; subtriangular process wide with short protuberance on distal margin; tuft of setae at base of subtriangular process; denticles of mola not constricted; lateral margin convex. Right mandible (Fig. 4D). Incisors not fused; outer and inner set of incisors each with 3 denticles; prostheca slender, bifurcated at apex; margin between prostheca and mola concave; tuft of setae at base of mola absent; denticles of mola not constricted; lateral margin convex. Hypopharynx (Fig. 4E). Lingua subcircular, with apical tuft of setae, length subequal to superlingua; superlingua not expanded, with short, fine and simple setae scattered over distolateral and distal margin. Maxilla (Fig. 4F). Maxillary palp long, greater than or equal to 2.0 × length of galea-lacinia; segment I 0.7× length of galea-lacinia; segment II tapering abruptly from apical half to apex, with fine and simple setae scattered over surface, without apical constriction. Labium (Fig. 4G). Glossa subquadrangular, medially broad, subequal to paraglossa; dorsal surface with one longitudinal row of 4 short spine-like setae near inner margin; apex with 3 short spine-like setae; longitudinal row of 9 robust spine-like setae near outer margin; ventral surface covered with long, thin and simple setae. Paraglossa curved inward; dorsal surface with long and robust setae on apex; outer margin with one longitudinal row of 16 long spine-like setae to base and one longitudinal row of 6 long and robust spine-like setae to base near inner margin; ventral surface with one longitudinal row of 7 long and robust spine-like setae at middle, at apical half. Labial palp with segment I 0.8 × length of segments II and III combined, covered with micropores (not illustrated); segment II with outer margin covered with thin, long and simple setae, inner margin bare; segment II with triangular pointed distomedial projection apically directed; ventral surface of distomedial projection with tuft thin, long and simple setae; segment III rectangular, distal margin slightly concave, length 0.6× width, covered with fine, long and simple setae on outer margin, dorsally with a row of 11 to 14 robust setae in different sizes near distal margin, ventrally with 10 to 12 robust spine-like setae in different sizes near distal margin. THORAX. Holotype pigment (Fig. 3A–C). Light yellow; femur with rounded brown mark on apical third. Foreleg (Fig. 5A–B). Femur: dorsal margin with one row of 11 to 13 concave and blunt long setae; apex with 2 concave and blunt long setae; ventral margin with one row of 6 to 8 elongated spine-like setae; posterior surface with one row of 8 to 10 elongated spine-like setae near ventral margin. Tibia: dorsal margin bare, ventral margin with one row of 8 to 10 spine-like setae. Patella-tibial suture present, from dorsal to ventral margin. Tarsus: dorsal margin bare, ventral margin with one row of 12 to 15 spine-like setae. Claw: 0.6–0.8× length of tarsus, row of denticules absent. Middle and hindleg similar to foreleg. ABDOMEN. Holotype pigment (Fig. 3A–C). Light yellow; terga I and II with medial brown mark; tergum V with lateral brown mark; tergum IX with brown mark on anterior margin; sterna VI–VIII with anterolateral light brown mark almost imperceptible; sternum IX with brown mark on lateral and anterior margin. Tergum IV (Fig. 5C). Terga surface covered by triangular scale-like projections and by micropores; posterior margin of tergum IV with triangular and pointed spines, in irregular sizes. Gill (Fig. 5D) apex rounded, trachea conspicuous; median length, extending to half of second subsequent tergum. Paraproct (Fig. 5E) with several marginal spines; posterolateral extension without spines. Cerci (Fig. 5F) short lateral spines on all segments. Paracercus (Fig. 5G) short lateral spines on all segments. Male imago INTERNAL GENITALIA (Fig. 5H). A pair of unistyligers cylindrical, completely separated one from another (us); sclerotized penial bridge articulated with the gonovectes and the X tergum abdominal (pb); pair of sclerotized gonovectes V-shaped, broad apex (gv) with an attached membrane on lateral parts (mb); a pair of gonovectal muscle goes from gonovectes apex to lateral parts of IX sternum (m.gv); a pair of median styligeral muscle goes from lateral parts of membrane to posterior margin of IX sternum (ms). Intraspecific variation of Apobaetis pasternakae sp. nov. Pigment variation THORAX. Light yellow, with short brown spots (Fig. 3D, F, 3J, M); brown mark covering almost completely the thorax (Fig. 3H); femur without marks (Fig. 3G); forewing pads with brown mark on basal third (Fig. 3H). ABDOMEN. Terga I–III with brown spots (Fig. 3D, F); terga I–X with short light brown marks (Fig. 3J); tergum I with medial brown mark, terga II and III with brown marks, terga IV–X with light brown spots (Fig. 3M); sterna VII and VIII with anterolateral brown mark (Fig. 3G); sterna I–VIII with anterolateral brown mark, sterna I–VIII with lateral brown mark (Fig. 3L, N); cerci e paracercus with light brown trio marks, alternating over of length (Fig. 3D, J, M). Morphological variation LENGTH. Body 2.2–3.1 mm.Published as part of De Lima, Cláudia R. T., Cruz, Paulo Vilela & Hamada, Neusa, 2023, Additions and corrections to taxonomy of Apobaetis fiuzai Salles & Lugo-Ortiz, 2002 and Apobaetis kallawaya Nieto, 2006 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae), pp. 136-161 in European Journal of Taxonomy 879 (1) on pages 143-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.879.2167, http://zenodo.org/record/815539
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