2,406 research outputs found
Goczania rugosa E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN 2019
No full textGoczania rugosa E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE et K.R.PEDERSEN, 2019 Text-fig. 20e–h D e s c r i p t i o n a n d r e m a r k s. Goczania rugosa is represented in the Catefica mesofossil flora by two anthers and an isolated pollen sac with pollen grains in situ (Textfig. 20e–h). Identical pollen also occurs in pollen clumps and coprolites. The anther is short and broad, about 0.6 mm long and 0.55 mm wide, dithecate and tetrasporangiate (Text-fig. 20e). As in the type material from Torres Vedras, the inner wall of the anthers of the Catefica specimen and the in situ pollen grains show numerous small, spherical orbicules with a finely spiny surface ornamentation (Text-fig. 20f). The pollen grains are oblate, circular to elliptical in equatorial outline, about 17 µm in diameter and monocolpate (Text-fig. 20f–h). The colpus is short with an irregular margin (Text-fig. 20h). The exine is tectate with the tectum covered with densely spaced microechinae that occur singly without merging with their neighbors (Text-fig. 20f–h). A f f i n i t y a n d o t h e r o c c u r r e n c e s. Pollen of the Goczania type has been found on the stigma and surface of Appomattoxia fruits in the Torres Vedras mesofossil flora and also on fruits of Appofructus E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE et K.R.PEDERSEN from Torres Vedras (Friis et al. 2019a). Goczania- type pollen has also been found on the stigma and surface of Appomattoxia fruits from the Puddledock mesofossil flora of eastern North America. Appomattoxia and Appofructus are both thought to be related to Piperales (Friis et al. 1995, 2019a). Goczania rugosa was first described from the Torres Vedras mesofossil flora (Friis et al. 2019a) and the anthers with in situ pollen from Catefica are closely similar to the type material. Small differences, such as the slightly larger size of the pollen grains and slightly smoother pollen wall in the Catefica specimens, may be related to differences in preservation, with the Torres Vedras material being slightly more shrunken. Two other species of Goczania occur with Goczania rugosa at Torres Vedras, but they differ in details of the supratectal ornamentation of the pollen wall (Friis et al. 2019a). Pollen grains of Goczania rugosa have also been observed in palynological strew preparations of the Catefica microfossil assemblages.Published as part of Friis, Else Marie, Crane, Peter R., Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard, Mendes, Mário Miguel & Kvaček, Jiří, 2022, The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms, pp. 341-424 in Fossil Imprint 78 (2) on pages 368-370, DOI: 10.37520/fi.2022.016, http://zenodo.org/record/752280
Scadoxus puniceus Friis & Nordal 1976
No full textHaemanthus puniceus Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1: 325. 1753. "Habitat in Africa." RCN: 2297. Lectotype (Björnstad & Friis in Norweg. J. Bot. 19: 196. 1972): Herb. Linn. No. 408.2 (LINN). Current name: Scadoxus puniceus (L.) Friis & Nordal (Liliaceae/Amaryllidaceae).Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part H), pp. 557-585 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 557, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.29197
Sarcandra dolichostemon E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN 2020
No full textCatanthus dolichostemon E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE et K.R.PEDERSEN, 2020 Text-fig. 18a, b D e s c r i p t i o n a n d r e m a r k s. The species was described based on several flower buds and open flowers preserved as charcoalified or lignitic specimens from the Catefica mesofossil flora (for a full description see Friis et al. 2021; taxon names valid from effectively published online version in 2020, see Friis et al. 2020c). The flowers are whorled with nine tepals in three whorls of three and many stamens in several successive whorls. The stamens have long, broad and fleshy bases that continue into the short anthers without a joint. In lignitised specimens, the stamens are flattened, but their original bulky, three-dimensional shape is particularly well-preserved in charcoalified specimens (Text-fig. 18a, b). The pollen is circular in polar view, about 12 µm in diameter, monoaperturate and trichotomocolpate (Friis et al. 2021: fig. 4A–C). The gynoecium is superior, apocarpous and consists of six, or rarely five, carpels. A f f i n i t y a n d o t h e r o c c u r r e n c e s. A phylogenetic assessment of Catanthus dolichostemon suggests a relationship to extant members of Canellales and Magnoliales (Friis et al. 2021). The species is currently known only from the Catefica and Vale de Água mesofossil floras. Pollen grains of Catanthus dolichostemon have also been observed in palynological strew preparations from the Catefica microfossil assemblages.Published as part of Friis, Else Marie, Crane, Peter R., Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard, Mendes, Mário Miguel & Kvaček, Jiří, 2022, The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms, pp. 341-424 in Fossil Imprint 78 (2) on page 367, DOI: 10.37520/fi.2022.016, http://zenodo.org/record/752280
Sarcandra communis E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN and Serialis 2019
No full textSerialis communis E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE et K.R.PEDERSEN, 2019 Text-fig. 17a D e s c r i p t i o n a n d r e m a r k s. The material includes several fruits with three to five permanently adhering seeds assignable to Serialis communis (Text-fig. 17a). The fruit wall is thin and typically almost entirely lost by abrasion. The seeds are anatropous, and bitegmic with a thick mesotestal-endotestal seed coat. The micropyle is formed from the inner integument and the micropylar region is seen on the seed surface as a transverse slit in the testa (Text-fig. 17a). In all details the seeds are comparable to the type material from the Famalicão mesofossil flora (Friis et al. 2019c). A f f i n i t y a n d o t h e r o c c u r r e n c e s. Fruits and seeds assigned to the extinct genus Serialis are among the most diverse fossils in Early Cretaceous mesofossil floras from Portugal and nine different species have been recognized (Friis et al. 2019c). Phylogenetic analysis indicates a close relationship of Serialis to Magnoliales, but the genus cannot be placed confidently in any extant taxon within the order. The type material of Serialis communis is from the Famalicão mesofossil flora where S. communis is the most abundant species and more than 2,230 specimens are known. Serialis communis is also reported from the Arazede and Vale de Água localities (Friis et al. 2019c) and is also present in the Chicalhão mesofossil flora (“Fruits with co-adhering seeds in row type 1”; Mendes et al. 2014).Published as part of Friis, Else Marie, Crane, Peter R., Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard, Mendes, Mário Miguel & Kvaček, Jiří, 2022, The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms, pp. 341-424 in Fossil Imprint 78 (2) on page 366, DOI: 10.37520/fi.2022.016, http://zenodo.org/record/752280
Canrightia resinifera E. M. FRIIS et K. R. PEDERSEN 2011
No full textCanrightia resinifera E.M.FRIIS et K.R.PEDERSEN, 2011 Text-fig. 2c–g D e s c r i p t i o n a n d r e m a r k s. Fruits and seeds of Canrightia resinifera are the most common angiosperm fossils in the Catefica mesofossil flora with several hundred specimens recorded so far including the type material on which the genus was established (Friis and Pedersen 2011). The fruits are elliptical to spherical in outline, contain two to five seeds, and have abundant resin-bodies in the fruit wall. showing the long colpus and coarse reticulum; g) Transverse section (orthoslice xy0705) through a fruit showing four seeds all with radially elongated endothelium cells formed from the inner epidermis of the tegmen (asterisks). Specimens, Catefica 150-S174254 (a, b), Catefica 49-S170377 (c), Catefica 49-S170372 (d), Catefica 50-S170401 (e), Catefica 50-S170404 (f), Catefica 50-S174906 (g). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–e, g), 6 Μm (f). The fruits are interpreted as berries (Text-fig. 2c, d). The fruits develop from bisexual flowers with a semi-inferior ovary and about four staminal scars in a radially symmetrical arrangement on the rim of the hypanthium (Text-fig. 2c). The many resin bodies in the fruit wall, combined with the often-wrinkled fruit surface, sometimes make the precise position of the hypanthium and the staminal scars difficult to distinguish. The stigma at the apex of the fruit is lobed. The seeds are orthotropous, pendent and endotestal, with a distinct, finely crystalliferous, endotesta (Text-fig. 2d, e) and with the inner epidermis of the tegmen developed as a distinct endothelium (Text-fig. 2g). Pollen grains are common in the stigmatic region. They are monocolpate, 15.8–21.0 μm with a long extended colpus, and a coarsely reticulate tectum. Muri are smooth, with a high and sharp profile, and are supported by long and scattered columellae (Text-fig. 2f). The grains are similar to pollen assigned to the extinct genus Piercipollis E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE et K.R.PEDERSEN (Friis et al. 2019a). Dispersed pollen of this type has traditionally been assigned to the extinct genus Retimonocolpites R.L.PIERCE, but in the type species, Retimonocolpites dividuus R.L.PIERCE, the colpus extends from the distal surface over to the proximal surface of the grain dividing the grain in two halves (Pierce 1961). In contrast, in Piercipollis the colpus is restricted to the distal half of the grain (Friis et al. 2019a). A second species of Canrightia, Canrightia foveolata sp. nov., is formally described below from the Catefica mesofossil flora. It is distinguished from C. resinifera by its finely pitted endotesta. Canrightia elongata E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE et K.R.PEDERSEN described from the Torres Vedras mesofossil flora (Friis et al. 2019a) is distinguished from both of the Catefica species by its more elongated fruits that have a shorter hypanthium. A f f i n i t y a n d o t h e r o c c u r r e n c e s. The original phylogenetic analysis of Canrightia placed the genus close to the base of the Chloranthaceae (Friis and Pedersen 2011), a position that has been corroborated by several subsequent analyses (Doyle and Endress 2014, Friis et al. 2015a). Canrightia resinifera is one of the most common angiosperm fossils in the Early Cretaceous floras of Portugal with numerous specimens recorded from the Arazede, Buarcos, Catefica, Famalicão and Vale de Água mesofossil floras (Friis and Pedersen 2011), as well as from the Chicalhão and Nossa Senhora da Luz mesofossil floras (Mendes et al. 2014, Mendes and Friis 2018). In the Catefica mesofossil flora Canrightia resinifera is recorded from all samples. Pollen similar to that associated with Canrightia resinifera has not been observed in situ in any of the dispersed stamens from the Catefica mesofossil flora (Tab. 1). Pollen grains similar to those observed on the Canrightia fruits are present, however, in palynological samples analyzed from the Catefica locality and in other palynofloras from the Early Cretaceous of Lusitanian Basin in western Portugal.Published as part of Friis, Else Marie, Crane, Peter R., Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard, Mendes, Mário Miguel & Kvaček, Jiří, 2022, The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms, pp. 341-424 in Fossil Imprint 78 (2) on pages 345-347, DOI: 10.37520/fi.2022.016, http://zenodo.org/record/752280
Canrightiopsis crassitesta E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN 2019
No full textSerialis crassitesta E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE et K.R.PEDERSEN, 2019 Text-fig. 17b D e s c r i p t i o n a n d r e m a r k s. The material includes several fruits with permanently adhering seeds that are assignable to Serialis crassitesta (Text-fig. 17b). A f f i n i t y a n d o t h e r o c c u r r e n c e s. Conclusions on the relationships of Serialis crassitesta are similar to those on Serialis communis (see above). Serialis crassitesta is common in the Famalicão mesofossil flora with about 375 specimens, but less common than S. communis. Serialis crassitesta is also common in the Vale de Água mesofossil flora (Friis et al. 2019c) and is present in the Chicalhão (“Fruits with co-adhering seeds in row type 2”; Mendes et al. 2014) and Nossa Senhora da Luz mesofossil floras (“Seeds in row”; Mendes and Friis 2018).Published as part of Friis, Else Marie, Crane, Peter R., Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard, Mendes, Mário Miguel & Kvaček, Jiří, 2022, The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms, pp. 341-424 in Fossil Imprint 78 (2) on page 366, DOI: 10.37520/fi.2022.016, http://zenodo.org/record/752280
Anacostia portugallica E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN, Saportanthus 2020
No full textMugideiriflora portugallica E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE et K.R.PEDERSEN, 2020 Text-fig. 2a, b D e s c r i p t i o n a n d r e m a r k s. Mugideiriflora portugallica is based on a single small, partly abraded, early anthetic flower (Text-fig. 2a) that has a multiparted perianth, androecium and gynoecium and was recovered from the Catefica mesofossil flora (for a full description and discussion of the species see Friis et al. 2020a). Additional specimens are preserved at very early developmental stages. The receptacle is slightly concave, but with a short conical apex in the gynoecial region (Text-fig. 2a). There are about 50 laminar tepals, 50 stamens and more than 50 carpels, all apparently in a spiral arrangement (Text-fig. 2b). A f f i n i t y a n d o t h e r o c c u r r e n c e s. Phylogenetic assessment suggests that Mugideiriflora portugallica is closely related to members of extant Austrobaileyales, although a possible affinity with members of extant Magnoliales cannot be excluded (Friis et al. 2020a). Mugideiriflora portugallica is currently known only from the Catefica mesofossil flora where it is recorded from samples collected near the base of the exposure.Published as part of Friis, Else Marie, Crane, Peter R., Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard, Mendes, Mário Miguel & Kvaček, Jiří, 2022, The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms, pp. 341-424 in Fossil Imprint 78 (2) on page 345, DOI: 10.37520/fi.2022.016, http://zenodo.org/record/752280
Pennicarpus tenuis E. M. FRIIS, K. R. PEDERSEN et P. R. CRANE 2000
No full textPennicarpus tenuis E.M.FRIIS, K.R.PEDERSEN et P.R.CRANE, 2000 D e s c r i p t i o n a n d r e m a r k s. Two fruits, about 0.8–1.3 mm long and 0.5 mm broad, were recovered from Catefica sample 50. The fruits (not figured) are strongly flattened and elliptical in outline with a very thin fruit wall and thin, longitudinal ridges, probably from vascular bundles, that extend for the full length of the fruits. A f f i n i t y a n d o t h e r o c c u r r e n c e s.The fruits are closely similar in size, shape and texture to those of Pennicarpus tenuis described from the Vale de Água and Buarcos mesofossil floras (Friis et al. 2000). The fruits from Catefica have not been studied using SEM and it is unknown whether they have adhering pollen of Pennipollis E.M.FRIIS, K.R.PEDERSEN et P.R.CRANE as is known for Pennicarpus tenuis from Vale de Água and Buarcos. Pennicarpus and the associated Pennistemon E.M.FRIIS, K.R.PEDERSEN et P.R.CRANE and Pennipollis, collectively referred to as the Pennipollis plant (Friis et al. 2011), were placed in the monocots mainly based on the distinct acolumellate pollen wall (Friis et al. 2000), although an affinity with Chloranthaceae has also been suggested (see Doyle and Endress 2014). So far, only two fruits have been recovered from Catefica and Pennipollis grains have not been recognized in the palynological preparations. In the Vale de Água and Buarcos mesofossil floras remains of the Pennistemon plant are abundant. Dispersed Pennipollis pollen has also been reported in early Aptian to middle Albian palynological assemblages from coastal sections in Portugal (Heimhofer et al. 2007) and from the dispersed palynoflora of Casal do Borracho (Torres Vedras) (Mendes et al. 2018a). Pennipollis pollen is also widespread in Early Cretaceous palynofloras from other regions (see Friis et al. 2000).Published as part of Friis, Else Marie, Crane, Peter R., Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard, Mendes, Mário Miguel & Kvaček, Jiří, 2022, The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms, pp. 341-424 in Fossil Imprint 78 (2) on page 383, DOI: 10.37520/fi.2022.016, http://zenodo.org/record/752280
Kempia longicolpites E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN, Mugideiriflora 2019
No full textKempia longicolpites E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE et K.R.PEDERSEN, 2019 Text-fig. 30a–f D e s c r i p t i o n a n d r e m a r k s. The material comprises two adhering stamens (only one cut stamen illustrated) with dithecate, tetrasporangiate anthers (Text-fig. 30a) and in situ pollen. The stamens are about 1 mm long and 0.25 mm broad with a distinct, triangular apical extension of the connective. One stamen was cut transversely into two pieces to expose the pollen for SEM. The other stamen was removed for TEM. Stamens and anthers are closely similar to Kempia longicolpites described from the Torres Vedras locality (Friis et al. 2019a) and the specimen is assigned here to the same species. Pollen grains are small, about 11– 12 µm long, monoaperturate and with the colpus extending beyond the full length of the grains. The exine is semitectatereticulate, columellate (Text-fig. 30b–f) with the reticulum and columellae only loosely attached to the foot layer (Text-fig. 30f). The muri have a rounded profile and a smooth surface (Text-fig. 30c). The foot layer is thick, and the endexine is restricted to the apertural region (Text-fig. 30e). A f f i n i t y a n d o t h e r o c c u r r e n c e s. Kempia longicolpites was first described from the Torres Vedras locality (Friis et al. 2019a) and is currently known from only the Torres Vedras and Catefica mesofossil floras.Published as part of Friis, Else Marie, Crane, Peter R., Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard, Mendes, Mário Miguel & Kvaček, Jiří, 2022, The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms, pp. 341-424 in Fossil Imprint 78 (2) on page 385, DOI: 10.37520/fi.2022.016, http://zenodo.org/record/752280
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