275 research outputs found
Notes on Functional Programming with Gofer
No full textthis document for educational or research purposes of a non-commercial nature is hereby granted provided that this copyright notice is retained on all copies. All other rights are reserved by the author. H. Conrad Cunningham, D.Sc. Associate Professor Department of Computer and Information Science University of Mississippi 302 Weir Hall University, Mississippi 38677 USA [email protected] PREFAC
Identifying representative textual sources in blog networks
No full textWe apply methods from social network analysis and visualization to facilitate a study of the Irish blogosphere from a cultural studies perspective. We focus on solving the practical issues that arise when the goal is to perform textual analysis of the corpus produced by a network of bloggers. Previous studies into blogging networks have noted difficulties arising when trying to identify the extent and boundaries of these networks. As a response to calls for increasingly data-led approaches in media and cultural studies, we discuss a variety of social network analysis methods that can be used to identify which blogs can be seen as members of a posited "Irish blogging network". We identify hub blogs, communities of sites corresponding to different topics, and representative bloggers within these communities. Based on this study, we propose a set of analysis guidelines for researchers who wish to map out blogging networks.Science Foundation IrelandCould not find any information about this report - AV 11/2/201
Applying Software Patterns in the Design of a Table Framework
No full textThis paper describes how software design patterns are applied to advantage in the design of a small application framework for building implementations of the Table Abstract Data Type (ADT). The framework consists of a group of Java interfaces that collaborate to define the structure and high-level interactions among components of the Table implementations. The key feature of the design is the separation of the Table's key-based record access mechanisms from the physical storage mechanisms. The systematic application of the Layered Architecture, Interface, Bridge, and Proxy patterns lead to a design that is sufficiently flexible to support a wide range of client-defined records and keys, indexing structures, and storage media. The use of the Template Method, Strategy, and Decorator patterns also enables variant components to be easily plugged into the framework. The Evolving Frameworks patterns give guidance on how to modify the framework as more is learned about the family of applications. The conscious use of these software design patterns increases the understandability and consistency of the framework's design
Toward Specification and Composition of BoxScript Components
No full textBoxScript is a Java-based, component-oriented programming language whose design seeks to address the needs of teachers and students for a clean, simple language. This paper briefly describes BoxScript and presents the authors ’ preliminary ideas on specification of components and their compositions. Categories and Subject Descriptors D.2.4 [Software Engineering]: Software/Program Verification
Reflexive metaprogramming in Ruby: tutorial presentation
No full textRuby is an interpreted, dynamically typed, object-oriented application programming language [10]. It has been in existence for more than a decade, but in the past three years interest in the Ruby language and the programming styles it enables [2] has exploded in the practitioner community [8, 9]. Much of the explosive growth in interest has been because of the advent of the Ruby on Rails Web application framework [7, 11]. Ruby on Rails is essentially a domain-specific language (DSL) [1, 6] for web applications. It is implemented as an internal (or embedded) DSL [4, 5] using Ruby’s flexible syntax and extensive reflexive metaprogramming facilities [3]. Reflexive metaprogramming is the capability of a program to both inspect and change its own program structures [12]. It has long been a staple of languages such as Smalltalk and Lisp, but the recent interest in Ruby has renewed interest in metaprogramming and in techniques like internal DSLs. This tutorial does not concern itself with Ruby on Rails, but, instead, focuses on the Ruby features that make Rails possible. It examines Ruby with an emphasis on the language’s distinctive reflexive metaprogramming facilities and techniques. These include the ability to query a class to determine what its methods, instance variables, and superclasses are—facilities that exist in mainstream languages like Java
Devising a formal specification for an elevator controller
No full textnature is hereby granted provided that this copyright notice is retained on all copies. All other rights are reserved by the author
Specification and Refinement of a Message Router
No full textThis paper considers a variant of the message router problem discussed during the Concurrency and Distribution sessions of IWSSD-6. First, it presents a high-level specification of the router as a reactive system expressed in the UNITY logic. Second, it refines the interface of the router using a new approach called the reactive envelope heuristic. Third, it decomposes the router into a grid of switches. In closing, the paper analyzes the specification and refinement techniques used in this study and proposes future research
Using function generalization to design a cosequential processing framework
No full textAbstract — Framework design is a multifaceted endeavor undertaken to promote reuse of software within a family of related applications. Traditional approaches involve either the evolution or the systematic design of the needed generic structure. This paper explores a systematic design approach called function generalization. In this approach, framework design begins with an executable specification expressed as a set of functions in a functional programming language. This set is analyzed to identify the common and variable aspects of the family of related applications. The set of functions is then transformed in a series of steps to produce a generalized application corresponding to the family. Each step generalizes one variable aspect of the family by introducing higher-order (function) parameters or polymorphic parameters into the functions in the set. The resulting set of generalized functions can be converted to Java code using design patterns to guide the framework construction. I
Litoria kroombitensis Hoskin, Hines, Meyer, Clarke & Cunningham, 2013, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Litoria kroombitensis</i> sp. nov. <p>Kroombit Treefrog</p> <p>Figs 2 A–C, 3–6 & 10</p> <p> <b>Holotype:</b> J91640, adult male, collected at Kroombit Ck, Kroombit Tops (24°23ʹ0 3ʺS, 151°00ʹ0 5ʺE), south-east Queensland, by H. B. Hines & C. J. Hoskin, on 7 December 2010.</p> <p> <b>Paratypes:</b> J40160, J40162, J40163, J40164, Kroombit Ck crossing, Ubobo Rd, Kroombit Tops (24°22ʹS, 151°01ʹE); J42167, Kroombit Tops (24°22ʹS, 151°01ʹE); J42184, Kroombit Tops (24°22ʹS, 151°01ʹE); J42474, Beauty Spot 98, Kroombit Tops (24°22ʹS, 151°01ʹE); J42475, Beauty Spot 98, Kroombit Tops (24°22ʹS, 151°01ʹE); J42747, Three Moon Ck, Kroombit Tops (24°22ʹS, 151°01ʹE); J42748, Three Moon Ck, Kroombit Tops (24°22ʹS, 151°01ʹE); J72662, Kroombit SF (24°23ʹ0 9ʺS, 151°00ʹ11ʺE); J72664, Kroombit SF (24°23ʹ0 9ʺS, 151°00ʹ11ʺE); J72665, Kroombit SF (24°23ʹ0 9ʺS, 151°00ʹ11ʺE); J72666, Kroombit SF (24°22ʹ0 7ʺS, 150°59ʹ50ʺE); J86681, Munholme Creek headwaters, Kroombit Tops NP (24°24ʹ55ʺS, 151°02ʹ19ʺE); J91638, Kroombit Ck crossing, Kroombit Tops (24°23ʹ0 3ʺS, 151°00ʹ0 5ʺE); J91639, Kroombit Ck crossing, Kroombit Tops (24°23ʹ0 3ʺS, 151°00ʹ0 5ʺE); J91641, Kroombit Ck crossing, Kroombit Tops (24°23ʹ0 3ʺS, 151°00ʹ0 5ʺE); J91658, Kroombit Ck crossing, Kroombit Tops (24°23ʹ0 3ʺS, 151°00ʹ0 5ʺE).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> A small (<45 mm SVL) green or greenish-brown frog with distinct, rounded finger and toe pads; a thin gold line running from naris over eye and tympanum to above forelimb; white gilding on the trailing edges of the fore- and hindlimbs; unpatterned orange posterior thighs; a gold iris; a blunt, gently rounded snout in profile; a smooth dorsum; and a mating call consisting of a short whine followed by one or more chirps. <i>Litoria kroombitensis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> can be distinguished from similar congeners by a combination of the following traits: body size (male SVL 28.0– 32.1 mm; female SVL 31.7–43.5 mm); head shape (HW/HL 1.22–1.40); upper lip pattern typically consisting of prominent white markings broken by a darker bar below the front of the eye; thin gold line bordered below by a dark band or line extending from nare to above forelimb; prominent white gilding on the trailing edges of the fore- and hindlimbs; fairly even green or greenish-brown dorsum; mating call consisting of whine followed by one or more chirps, with the whine being short (0.160– 0.229 s) and of fast pulse rate (500–656 pulses/s), and the chirp being of slow pulse rate (34–48 pulses/s). <i>Litoria kroombitensis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> is also genetically distinct from congeners, for example being a highly divergent monophyletic lineage for 16S mtDNA (see Genetics).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> Referring to the restriction of this species to Kroombit Tops, with the - <i>ensis</i> extension being latin for ‘belonging to’. The epithet is to be treated as a noun in apposition.</p> <p> <b>Description of holotype</b> (Fig. 3). J91640; male. <b>Measurements</b> (mm): SVL 29.3; HLL 15.0; FL 7.2; HW 10.4; HL 8.3; EN 2.9; IN 2.1; ED 2.9; 3DW 1.4. <i>Head:</i> Broad and flattened, equal width to body; snout truncate in dorsal view and blunt and gently rounded in profile, canthus rostralis angular, loreal region steep, nostrils much closer to tip of snout than to eye, nostrils directed dorso-laterally; eye very large, diameter equal to eye to naris distance, horizontal pupil; internarial distance less than distance from eye to naris (EN/IN: average 1.42, range 1.28–1.59); tympanum moderate size and distinct. <i>Body:</i> Inversely triangular; urostyle indistinct; cloaca positioned immediately below urostyle, oriented posteriorly, no ornamentation. <i>Limbs:</i> Hindlimbs long and slender; forearms broad; pale distinct ridge (gilding) along the trailing edge of the forearm, on the heel and along the trailing edge of the foot; basal webbing on fingers, connecting the proximal phalanges (webbing formula: I 1–1 ½ II 1 ½–2 III 2–1 ½ IV); toes nearly fully-webbed (webbing formula: I 1–1 II 0– 1 III 0–1½ IV 1 –0 V); fingers long, relative length III>IV>II>I (II and IV about equal in length), finger discs fleshy and rounded, obviously expanded from penultimate phalanx, first finger short with disc obviously expanded; small, rounded subarticular tubercles under joints of fingers; a broad, long and ovoid, black nuptial pad (heavily stippled) covers the base and inside of the first finger; indistinct low, rounded tubercle present in the centre of the base of the palm; relative length of toes IV>V>III>II>1 (III and V about equal in length), rounded toe discs expanded from penultimate phalanx, disc on first toe expanded; small, oval inner metatarsal tubercle; low, rounded outer metatarsal tubercle; small, rounded subarticular tubercles under joints of toes; discs on fingers larger than discs on toes. <i>Skin:</i> Ventral surface of chest and belly coarsely granular; throat and undersides of thighs and forearms smooth, pectoral fold absent; dorsal surface of body, head and limbs smooth to finely granular; distinct postorbital skin fold extending along dorsolateral surface to above forelimb. <b>Colour pattern in life:</b> (Fig. 2 B). Dorsal surfaces of head, body and legs green, suffused with coppery brown. Several tiny black dots scattered on back and top of head. Broad dark grey band extends from tip of snout, through naris to eye and then extends above tympanum and becomes diffuse above forelimb. From behind eye this band is bordered above by a thin gold line. Prominent white along upper lip from below naris to below tympanum, broken by grey bar below front of eye. Tympanum green, smudged with brown. Iris copper-coloured. Copper colouration along the top-line of the folded hindlimb and to a lesser degree on the leading edge of the forearm. Thin white edge (gilding) to the trailing edge of the fore- and hindlimbs. Top of hands and feet pale with grey mottling; top of discs translucent pale yellowish grey. Nuptial pad black. Flanks merging from green-brown dorsal colour to pale ventral colour, and finely spotted with white. Chin, chest creamy white; belly a pale reddish colour. Posterior thigh orange-red. Groin orange with a purple hue. Axilla orange. Ventral surfaces of hind and forelimbs orange-red; undersides of hands and feet yellowish orange. <b>Colour pattern in preservative</b> (Fig. 3): Dorsum greyish brown overlain with greyish blue on forehead and top of eyes and on top of forelimbs, lower legs and feet. Orange tinge to posterior thigh. Top of feet and hands pale. Thin white line on trailing edge of forearm and heel and trailing edge of foot. Darker dorsum merges gradually on flanks to creamy undersides. Ventral colour cream. Pale edge to upper lip broken below front of eye. Pale upper lip markings extend as broken line below tympanum to forelimb. Tympanum dark. Groin as for flanks (grey-cream). Eye copper-grey with fine black venation. Urostyle pale.</p> <p> <b>Description of type series</b> (N = 20, 15 males and 5 females). See Table 1 for <b>measurements</b> and <b>proportions</b> of type series. <i>Head:</i> Broad and flattened, equal width to body; snout truncate in dorsal view and blunt and gently rounded in profile, canthus rostralis moderately angular to angular, loreal region steep, nostrils much closer to tip of snout than to eye, nostrils directed dorso-laterally; eye very large, diameter greater than or equal to eye to naris distance, horizontal pupil; internarial distance less than distance from eye to naris; tympanum moderate size and distinct. <i>Body:</i> Slender and tapering in males, rotund in females; urostyle moderately prominent to indistinct; cloaca positioned immediately below urostyle, oriented posteriorly, often pale ornamentation. <i>Limbs:</i> Hindlimbs long and slender; forearms robust; pale distinct ridge (gilding) along the trailing edge of the forearm, on the heel and along the trailing edge of the foot; basal webbing on fingers, connecting the proximal phalanges; toes nearly fully-webbed; fingers long, relative length generally 3>2>4>1 (2 and 4 about equal in length), finger discs fleshy and rounded, obviously expanded from penultimate phalanx, first finger short with disc obviously expanded; in males, base of thumb swollen and covered with a heavily stippled area forming a prominent brown or black nuptial pad on the inner base of the first finger; prominent small, round subarticular tubercles under fingers; indistinct low, rounded palmar tubercle on some individuals, several small, low tubercles on others; relative length of toes generally 4>3>5>2>1 (3 and 5 about equal in length), rounded toe discs expanded from penultimate phalanx, disc on first toe expanded; prominent small, round subarticular tubercles under toes; small oval inner metatarsal tubercle; moderately distinct to indistinct ovoid or round outer metatarsal tubercle; discs on fingers larger than discs on toes. <i>Skin:</i> Ventral surfaces granular to finely granular, typically finer under chin and generally smooth under forelimbs and chest; dorsal surface of body, head and limbs smooth to finely granular; distinct supratympanic skin fold extending from behind eye to forelimb. <b>Colour pattern in preservative:</b> Dorsum of males greyish brown overlain with greyish blue on forehead and top of eyes and on top of forelimbs, lower legs and feet. Dorsum of females bluish grey. Posterior thigh washed orange or pinkish. Top of feet and hands pale. Distinct to indistinct thin white line on trailing edge of forearm and heel and trailing edge of foot. Darker dorsum merges gradually on flanks to creamy undersides. Ventral colour cream or white. Pale edge to upper lip, broken below front of eye by dark band from eye to lip. Pale upper lip markings extend as broken line below tympanum to forelimb. Tympanum dark. Groin as for flanks (grey-cream). Iris dark or copper-grey with fine black venation. Urostyle often pale.</p> <p> <b>Colour pattern in life</b> (Fig. 2 A–C). Dorsal surfaces of head, body and legs typically uniform bright green, dark green or olive brown, sometimes brown or two-tone green and brown (e.g. J91640). Sometimes tiny black dots scattered on back (e.g. J91640). Thin gold line extends from nare, over eye and tympanum, to above forelimb. Bordered below by a dark band, typically a broad dark grey or brown band, but sometimes a narrow black line (e.g. J91613). Black band below the gold is completely absent (or reduced to flecks) on some individuals (e.g. J91611). Broken band of white markings along upper lip, extending from below nare to behind jaw angle. White markings typically prominent, especially from below centre of eye to below tympanum. In many individuals white markings extend to above insertion of forearm and onto upper surfaces of forearm (e.g. J91613). In some females, white lip markings are reduced to thin broken line (e.g. J91611). Typically a prominent dark bar (grey, brown or green) extends from below front of eye to lip, breaking up the white upper lip band. Lip bar generally more prominent in males. White markings and bar on lip are very prominent on subadults (Fig. 4). Tympanum usually green, rarely brown; typically matching the laterally adjacent skin colour, making the tympanum indistinct. Iris gold or copper-coloured. Typically a thin gold line along the topline of the folded hindlimb and often also on the leading edge of the forearm. Thin but prominent white edge (gilding) to the trailing edge of the fore- and hindlimbs. Top of hands and feet pale with grey mottling; top of discs translucent yellow or pale. Nuptial pad in males brown or black. Flanks merging from dorsal colour to pale ventral colour, typically appearing finely spotted with white. Chin, chest and belly white, sometimes tinged cream on belly. Posterior thigh orange or deep red. Groin orange or marked with a small translucent purple patch. Axilla pale orange or cream. Ventral surfaces of hind and forelimbs orange or greyish orange; undersides of hands and feet yellowish orange.</p> <p> <b>Sexual dimorphism.</b> Females are larger than males, being an average of 1.25 times the SVL of males (Table 1). Overall body shape also differs, with females being rotund in body shape (body width is wider than head), whereas male body width starts equal to head then tapers as an inverse triangle. The sexes are otherwise similar in body proportions (Table 1). Colour in preservative differs between the sexes. Male dorsum is greyish brown, whereas female dorsum is bluish grey. Male ventral surfaces in preservative are cream, whereas females tend to be white. Breeding males have obvious dark nuptial pads. Colour in life is similar between the sexes, with a few subtle differences. Females are typically brighter green than males. The thin gold line from nare to above forelimb typically more distinct in females, whereas the band below this line is typically thicker and more obvious in males. Upper lip markings (white band broken by darker bar) generally more prominent in males than females.</p> <p> <b>Tadpole description (Gosner stages 28–39).</b> Body and tail measurements are presented in Table 2. Total length of tadpole at Gosner Stage 39 = 32.8 mm. <i>Body:</i> ovoid and wider than deep with flattened abdomen; widest halfway along body (Fig. 5). Snout bluntly rounded in lateral view. Eyes dorsolateral, prominent in lateral view, with slight anterior and dorsal tilt. Nares large and narrowly spaced with slight anterior and lateral tilt; situated dorsally, near end of snout. Rim of nares raised. Spiracle lateroventral in position, opening dorsoposteriorly just below the longitudinal body axis. Inner wall and margin of spiracle opening flush with body surface. Vent tube dextral, opening dorsoposteriorly; moderately long and contiguous with ventral edge of lower fin. <i>Tail:</i> one-and-ahalf times as long as body with moderately shallow fins. Dorsal fin slightly arched, rising gently from back of body; highest half-way along tail. Ventral fin not arched and shallower than dorsal fin. Fins tapering to a rounded point posteriorly. Tail musculature robust, with maximum tail height greater than half of body depth. <i>Oral disc:</i> ventral, near front of snout. Posterior and lateral margins of oral disc fringed with papillae (see Figure 6). Anterior margin of oral disc lacking papillae and flush with underside of snout. Very few submarginal papillae. Jaw sheaths darkly pigmented and shallow. Labial tooth row formula: 2(2)/3(1). Gap in second anterior tooth row broad; gap in first posterior tooth row narrow and difficult to discern without a dissecting microscope. Evidence of tooth wear common in anterior tooth rows, with first anterior tooth row incomplete in most specimens examined. Deformation and discolouration of keratinised jaw sheaths was seen in specimens collected from Kroombit Creek in December 2010, but not in specimens collected from Three Moon Creek in March 2011. <i>Colour in life:</i> Body brown above with areas of darker subcutaneous pigment over the braincase and gut. Darker pigment also concentrated around nares. Eyes also dark, and prominent in dorsal view (Fig. 5 B). Tail musculature off-white with fine grey-brown stippling, contrasting with dark brown of body in dorsal and lateral view. Darker pigment on tail musculature more obvious dorsally, occasionally forming indistinct bands, but mostly uniform or mottled. Tail fins semi-transparent, with sparse grey-brown stippling along dorsal fin. Ventral fin largely unpigmented. Gut dark in lateral view, lightening ventrally. Iris copper-gold and bisected by dark (black) lateral stripe. Ventral body surface largely unpigmented, with diffuse layer of silver-gold iridophores over ventrolateral and lateroventral body surfaces. Coiled intestine, gills and heart clearly visible through ventral body wall, especially in earlier stage tadpoles; becoming fainter in later stage (post Gosner 35) tadpoles. <i>Colour in preservative:</i> as in life, except for absence of silver-gold pigment over lateral body surfaces and copper-gold in iris. <b>Early stage tadpoles:</b> Preserved specimens younger than Gosner stage 28 were not available for study. Recently hatched tadpoles (Gosner stage 24–25) seen in the field, however, are more round-bodied and somewhat darker above compared with late stage larvae.</p> <p> <b>Comparison with tadpoles of other species:</b> Tadpoles of <i>L. kroombitensis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> are very similar to tadpoles of both <i>L. pearsoniana</i> and <i>L. barringtonensis</i>. Tadpoles of <i>L. kroombitensis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> can be distinguished from <i>L. barringtonenis</i> on the basis of colouration, with <i>L. barringtonensis</i> tadpoles being significantly darker above (see Anstis 2002). Tadpoles of <i>L. kroombitensis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> appear to be indistinguishable from those of <i>L. pearsoniana</i>. In the field, tadpoles of <i>L. kroombitensis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> may be confused with early stage tadpoles of <i>Mixophyes fasciolatus, Limnodynastes peronii</i> and <i>L. chloris.</i> Early stage tadpoles of <i>M. fasciolatus</i> and <i>L. peronii</i> can be distinguished from <i>L. kroombitensis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> on the basis of labial tooth-row formula, with the former two species possessing 3 or more anterior tooth rows from Gosner stage 25 onwards (E. Meyer, unpub. obs.; see Anstis 2002). Early stage (Gosner stage 25–26) <i>L. chloris</i> tadpoles differ from <i>L. kroombitensis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> tadpoles in having eyes more lateral in position and a more cylindrical vent tube (see Anstis 2002).</p> <p> <b>Call.</b> A short, crisp whine followed by one or two chirps, “weeak kik” or “weeak kik kik” (Fig. 7). Call characteristics are outlined in Table 3.</p> <p> <b>Comparison.</b> Only likely to be confused with other members of the <i>L. citropa</i> species-group. <i>Litoria kroombitensis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> is readily distinguished from the larger members of this species-group (<i>L. citropa</i>, <i>L. subglandulosa</i> and <i>L. daviesae</i>) by its smaller size (males 28–32 mm <i>vs</i> males 35–57 mm for latter three species), lack of prominent submandibular glands, and more uniform dorsal colouration. Distinguished from <i>L. piperata</i> by larger size and fairly uniform dorsal colouration (<i>vs</i> heavily mottled in <i>L. piperata</i>). Distinguished from <i>L. phyllochroa</i> and <i>L. nudidigitus</i> by colouration of the canthal region. Both <i>L. phyllochroa</i> and <i>L. nudidigitus</i> have a prominent white or gold canthal stripe bordered below by a sharply defined black stripe of equal thickness, and an unmarked green upper lip. In contrast, <i>L. kroombitensis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> has a thin gold canthal stripe bordered below by a darker band or thin black line that is not so clearly defined, and prominent white along the upper lip that is typically broken below the eye by a darker bar. Also readily distinguished from all the aforementioned species by mating call.</p> <p> <i>Litoria kroombitensis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> is most similar to <i>L. pearsoniana</i> and <i>L. barringtonensis</i>, from which it can be diagnosed in a number of ways. <i>Litoria kroombitensis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> attains a larger size than <i>L. pearsoniana</i> and <i>L. barringtonensis</i>, for both males and females (Table 1). Male and female <i>L. kroombitensis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> generally have wider heads (HW/HL) than <i>L. pearsoniana</i> and <i>L. barringtonensis</i> (Table 1). Male <i>L. kroombitensis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> generally have a lower EN/IN ratio than <i>L. barringtonensis</i> (Table 1). In terms of colour pattern, <i>L. kroombitensis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> typically have prominent white markings along the upper lip, broken by a dark bar or blotch below the front of the eye (particularly in males) (Figs 2 A–C, 3, 4). In <i>L. pearsoniana</i>, white on the upper lip is limited to a thin, unbroken line or is absent (Fig. 2 E, F). <i>Litoria pearsoniana</i> sometimes have a blotch or other small markings on the upper lip but this is rarely
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