6 research outputs found
Imam Salim b. Rashid and the Imamate revival in Oman 1331/1913 - 1338/1920
No full textThe principal aim of this thesis is to assess the performance of Imam Salim b.Rashid and the Imamate revival in Oman during the second decade of the 20th century. It
presents biographical information about Imam Salim, with special reference to the military and political policies by which he established and consolided his Imamate in the
Interior Province, and his relations with the Sultan and the latter's British supporters. An attempt is also made to explore the relationship between the Imam and the Omani tribes and to evaluate his administrative success. This thesis comprises eight chapters, and the introduction and conclusion. The introduction reviews the relevant literature on the topic. The first chapter describes the geographical setting and provides a historical background,
relating to three principal matters: the rise of the Iba<;liyyah and the development of the Imamate in Oman; the events in Oman after Sd. Sa'id's death up to 1913; and the effects of the First World War. The second chapter seeks to give an account of the career of Imam Salim's life and the Imamate revival. The third chapter discusses the manner in
which the Imam was elected, private and public allegiance (bay'ah) and the Imam's aims and policy programme. Chapter Four deals with the Imam's military operations and the
spread of his authority over Oman. Chapter Five examines the attempts at negotiation between the Imam and the Sultan, and the role of the British Government and the local
figures in this regard. Chapter Six is devoted to a discussion of the role of the tribes in support of Imam Salim, and the extent of the Imam's influence over these tribes. Chapter Seven assesses the Imam's administrative machinery, including the political system, the bureaucracy, education policy, and financial apparatus. Chapter Eight examines the causes behind the assassination of Imam Salim and the signing of the Treaty of al-Sib. In the conclusion, we present the findings of the research as they have emerged from the assessment of the course of events in Oman. We have said that the Omanis succeeded in reviving the Imamate and elected Imam Salim al-KharU~i who devoted his efforts to establish the foundations of the state, and peace prevailed in the country after the treaty of
al-Sib in 1920
Implementasi Hibah Waris di Kecamatan Bobotsari Kabupaten Purbalingga Perspektif Hukum Waris Islam
No full textInheritance grants can be used to resolve issues that are not specifically regulated in faraid law or to provide better justice according to individual needs. In some communities, a lack of understanding of the concept of grants and the sharia provisions governing the provision of grants can be an obstacle. Likewise, the implementation of inheritance grants in Bobotsari District has drawn pro and contra. The method of writing this article uses an empirical-normative approach. The nature of this article's research is qualitative. Data is presented using a descriptive-analytical method. Data collection techniques used in this article are using observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis in writing this article uses inductive-deductive (effect-cause). The implementation of inheritance grants that occurred in Bobotsari District began with the grantor or heir gathering all members of the nuclear family, consisting of husband or wife and children for a consensus. The process of distributing inheritance grants must fulfill the elements of justice and agreement of the grantees or heirs. The pattern of distribution of inheritance grant assets includes; 1) divided equally; 2) divided based on the closeness of the grantor to the recipient; 3) divided based on the layout of the gift assets. In the view of Islamic inheritance law, this practice applies the concept of takharruj or removing or resigning as an heir
A pilates-based physiological recovery strategy to enhance post-exercise recovery after high-intensity interval exercise
No full textBackground and Study Aim. Recovery is essential for restoring homeostasis after high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), especially in non-athletes. While static stretching remains popular, Pilates is also used as a mindful active recovery method, but its effects after HIIE require further clarification. This study aimed to examine the effects of Pilates-based recovery compared to conventional static cool-down on parasympathetic activation, delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and mood disturbance.
Material and Methods. A quasi-experimental, pre-post control group design was conducted with 40 healthy, inactive female university students aged 20–25, randomly assigned to a Pilates group (n = 20) or a control group (n = 20). Following a single bout of HIIE (T0), participants were evaluated at 24 h (T1) and 48 h (T2) post-intervention. Outcomes included DOMS (Visual Analogue Scale), heart rate recovery (HRR), and total mood disturbance (TMD; POMS-SF). Data were analyzed using paired sample t-tests and independent t-tests, with effect sizes calculated using Cohen’s d.
Results. The Pilates group demonstrated significant within-group improvements from T0 to T2 in DOMS (p = 0.001, d = 3.04), HRR (p = 0.001, d = 288.10), and TMD (p = 0.021, d = 31.89). Between-group comparisons at T2 favored the Pilates group for all variables: DOMS (p = 0.001, d = 2.83), HRR (p = 0.044, d = 47.94), and TMD (p = 0.005, d = 24.18).
Conclusions. Pilates-based recovery significantly improves neuromuscular relaxation, autonomic reactivation, and affective state compared to passive recovery. These findings support Pilates as a superior strategy for post-exercise recovery in non-athletes
Medina in the Ayyubid period and the Shi'a influence upon it
No full textThe underlying concern of this thesis is to shed light on the history of Medina during the Ayyubid period, discussing and analysing the Shi'a emergence in the city in that time, and the transfer to them of power, the judiciary and the key religious positions. It also discusses their influence over the various facets of life there. The study comprises an introduction, six central chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter includes a general introduction, beginning with a historical background of pre-Islamic Medina, and then proceeds to present an overview of the importance of the subject and the reasons for choosing it. It then moves on to an exposition of the key issues which the study will discuss, and the methodology which it follows. The second chapter provides a concise account of the significance of Medina in the Islamic sources (the Qur'an and the hadith), discussing the role of the city and its inhabitants in their support for and propagation of Islam. It also gives a short account of the history of Medina following the death of the Prophet up until the Umayyad period, and briefly discusses the key historical events during that period. The
third chapter examines the state of the Islamic World prior to and during the Ayyubid period, and discusses the key historical events that occurred in Medina at that time and
their connection with what was happening in the Islamic World. The fourth chapter studies and analyses the emergence of the Shi'a in Medina during the Ayyflbid period, and examines certain accounts of this. It also tracks the history of the Shia in Medina prior to the Ayyübid period by providing critical examples of some of the accounts on the subject. The reasons behind the emergence of the Twelver Shia doctrine in Medina during the
Ayyübid period will also be studied and analysed, and the chapter will explain how the Shi'a came to assume the key political and religious offices in the city. Their relations with other Shi'a sects will also be examined, and the way in which their control of Medina came to an end will be discussed. The fifth chapter discusses political life in Medina during the Ayyubid period and the influence of the Shia upon it, studies and analyses the political
relations between the emirs of Medina and each of the neighbouring tribes, the emirs of Mecca, the sultans of the Ayyubid state and those of the Banü Rasül in Yemen, and
explains the influence of the Shi'a on these relations and the role which they played in the political life in the city. The sixth chapter discusses social life in Medina during the Ayyubid period and the influence of the Shia upon it, by studying the composition of civil society and its groupings, the distinguishing features apparent in each grouping, and the elements of social life and its economic conditions, as well as the constructive interplay between them, in order to present an accurate picture of the city's social life. The seventh chapter discusses the state of learning in the city during the Ayyübid period and the Shia
influence upon it, by examining some of the accounts mentioned by certain historians and travellers. It will also include a refutation of these negative accounts by presenting a thorough, extensive description of the state of learning in Medina, through studying the teaching lectures which were current in the Prophet's Mosque and the madrasas of that time, the kuttabs, the syllabuses, the teaching methods, the most notable 'ulama' and their key works, the role of the Sunni 'ulama' in the flourishing of learned activity and, lastly, the Shi'a influence upon it. The eighth chapter summarises and discusses the study's most
important findings and draws conclusions from them, before making suggestions for future research
An exploration of neural networks for real-time flood forecasting
No full textThis thesis examines Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for rainfall-runoff modelling. A simple ANN was first developed to predict floods in the city of Rome, located in the Tiber River basin. A rigorous comparison of the ensemble ANN and the conceptual TEVERE model were undertaken for two recent flood events in 2005 and 2008. Both models performed well but the conceptual model was better at overall hydrograph prediction while the ANN performed better for the initial part of the event at longer lead times.
Further experimentation with the ANN model was then undertaken to try to improve the model performance. Additional upstream stations and rainfall inputs were added including hourly totals, effective rainfall and cumulative rainfall. Different methods of normalisation and different ANN training algorithms were also implemented along with four alternative methods for combining the ensemble ANN predictions. The results showed that the ANN was able to extrapolate to the 2008 event.
Finally, Empirical Mode Decomposition was applied to the ANN to examine whether this method has value for ANN rainfall-runoff modelling. At the same time the impact of the random initialisation of the weights of the ANN was investigated for the Potomac River and Clark Fork River catchments in the USA. The EMD was shown to be a valuable tool in detecting signal properties but application to ANN rainfall-runoff modelling was dependent on the nature of the dataset. Overall uncertainty from the random initialisation of weights varied by catchment where uncertainties were shown to be very large at high stream flows.
Finally, a suite of redundant and non-redundant model performance measures were applied consistently to all models. The value of applying a range of redundant and non-redundant measures, as well as benchmark-based methods was demonstrated
