209,121 research outputs found
Pacifigorgia sculpta Breedy & Guzman, 2004, new species
No full textPacifigorgia sculpta, new species (Figs. 1 G–H, 5 A–C) Material examined. Holotype: UCR 1497, Islote Frailes, Península de Azuero, 10–30 m, H.M. Guzman, 9 December 2001. Paratypes: MCZ 57053, Islote Frailes, 10–30 m, H.M. Guzman, 9 December 2001; STRI 389–390, Isla Jicarita, Gulf of Chiriquí, 20 m, H.M. Guzman, 8 August 2002; STRI 410–412, Isla Seca Grande, Gulf of Chiriquí, 20 m, H.M. Guzman and O. Breedy, 26 August 2002; STRI 454, Isla Roncadores, Gulf of Chiriquí, 10–20 m, H.M. Guzman and O. Breedy, 30 August 2002; STRI 476, 482, 497, Bajo Foul, Península de Azuero, 15 m, H.M. Guzman, 11 April 2003; STRI 602, Islote Frailes, 20 m, H.M. Guzman, 1 May 2003; STRI 628, Roca Catedral, 5–15 m, H.M. Guzman, 3 May 2003; STRI 650, Bajo Brincanco, Gulf of Chiriquí, 10–30 m, H.M. Guzman, 5 May 2003; STRI 718, 721–722, 729 – 731, 734, Bajo Trollope, Gulf of Panama, 10–20 m, H.M. Guzman, 6 August 2003; UCR 1037, 1042, Islote Frailes, 10–20 m, H.M. Guzman, 6 August 2003; UCR 1171, 1173, 1175, 1177, 1179, 1181, 1183, 1505, Roca Niagara, Gulf of Panama, 10–20 m, H.M. Guzman, 13 December 2001; UCR 1361 –1365, 1506, Piedra Hacha, 20–30 m, H.M. Guzman, 22 April 2002; UCR 1498, Isla Jicarita, Gulf of Chiriquí, 20–30 m, H.M. Guzman, 19 April 2002; UCR 1499, 1501, 1508, Islote Frailes, 10–30 m, H.M. Guzman, 12 December 2001. Description. Colonies wider than high, up to 120 mm in height and 200 mm in width. Most of the colonies are composed of a single fan, but some have two or three secondary fans that radiate from different parts of the main fan and grow parallel. Colour when preserved or alive is dark orange or reddish brown with lighter hues at the tips, and light ochre when dry. Colonies have a large holdfasts, and fans grow directly from this or sprout from short stems (up to 7 mm in diameter). Network is irregular. Meshes are very open (about 2–3 meshes/cm ²), mostly elongate, up to 45 mm in length, and 25 mm in width. Mesh branches are squarish in section, from 3 mm thick at their base to 1 mm at their tips. No midribs cross the fans, just some thick branches (up to 6 mm in diameter) at the base that diminish and merge with the fan. Endbranchlets are long; up to 25 mm in length. Freetwigs are abundant, up to 15 mm in length; they stick out from the fans, twist and grow parallel as free branches. The polyps are retracted within domeshaped coenenchymal mounds, which are prominent and arranged mostly in pairs along the sides of the branches. In dry specimens, the lateral distribution of the calices is more evident, and bands of coenenchyme are clear between them. The polyps are yellowish with rods arranged in strong, thick points, with some untidily arranged intermediate rods. The anthocodial rods are long, colourless or pale yellow (up to 0.18 mm in length and 0.02 mm in width). The coenenchymal sclerites are very ornamented, and are mostly large spindles (up to 0.22 mm in length, and 0.06 mm in width) with up to 8 complete whorls of tubercles, and warty ends. They are redorange to pale yellow and bicoloured, and together with P. s e n t a, include the longest spindles found in the genus. Capstans are less abundant in the slide samples; they are scarcely ornate, with only short tubercles. Holotype. The holotype (Fig. 1 G) is a single fan, 100 mm in height and 135 mm in width. Part of the holdfast was left behind when the specimen was collected. The preserved colony is reddish brown colony. Mesh branches are thick, about 2 mm in diameter. Numerous free twigs radiate from the fan as free branchlets. Endbranchlets reach 12 mm. Coenenchymal sclerites are redorange, pale yellow and bicoloured. They are mostly large spindles (up to 0.18 mm in length, and 0.06 mm in width) with 4–8 complete whorls of delicately sculpted tubercles, and with elongated warty ends, blunt, or acute (Fig. 5 A). There are also small, pale yellow capstans (up to 0.05 mm in length and 0.03 mm in width), and larger ones (up to 0.08 mm in length by 0.04 mm in width) with short, moderately warty tubercles (Fig. 5 B). Anthocodial sclerites are pale yellow. They are thin, long rods (up to 0.17 mm in length and 0.02 mm in width) with dentate margins and have acute, small warts, concentrated at the ends (Fig. 5 C). Remarks. This species is very similar to P. s e n t a, however, P. senta attains a larger size, the mesh branches are thinner, the meshwork finer (up to 23 mm long), and the colony has a more delicate appearance in comparison to the more robust P. sculpta. Dry specimens of P. s e n t a are brittle and the sclerites fall off easily, which is not the case in dry specimens of P. sculpta. Sclerites in both species are the largest recorded for the genus. Spindles in P. s e n t a and in P. sculpta reach the same size (up to 0.22 mm in length, and 0.06 mm in width), however, in P. s e n t a, the spindles have more whorls of tubercles (up to 10) than in P. sculpta (up to 8); thus sclerites of the latter have larger spaces between the whorls (and very warty tubercles). Capstans of both species are of similar shapes, but smaller sizes are reported for P. s e n t a (up to 0.06 mm in length) (Breedy & Guzman 2003 b). The colour of coenenchymal sclerites is definitely different. In all of the specimens of P. sculpta examined, two layers of differently coloured sclerites are clearly defined: reddishorange sclerites in the inner coenenchyme and pale yellow on the surface. In P. s e n t a, on the other hand, all sclerites are of the same colour; brownish pink to colourless. Anthocodial rods are also different, being shorter (up to 0.14 mm in length) and less spiny in P. s e n t a. We have found P. s c u l p t a at several localities in the Gulf of Chiriquí, and also from two sites in the Gulf of Panama, down to 30 m in depth. Breedy & Guzman (2003 b) pointed out that Stiasny (1943) dealt with a species from Isla del Rey, Gulf of Panama, sent to him by Hickson, which agrees with P. senta. Therefore, it was expected that P. s e n t a would be found to occur in Panama. Pacifigorgia senta has been collected from deeper waters, down to 40 m in Costa Rica. In recent collections made by dredging 35–60 m in depth, in Panamá, specimens of P. senta were indeed found, thus the occurrence of P. s e n t a is herein reported and confirmed. Curiously, both P. senta and P. sculpta, were collected together in the same dredge, what indicates that they may occur together. Habitat. Found from 10–40 m in depth, on vertical basaltic walls, living together with large P. e x i m i a colonies and many other octocorals. Though abundant in some places, this species is never the dominant species. Etymology. An adjective (L), sculptus = carved, in allusion to the ornamentation of the spindles. Distribution. Found widely distributed along Gulf of Panama, Gulf of Chiriquí, and Península de Azuero.Published as part of Breedy, Odalisca & Guzman, Hector M., 2004, New species of the gorgoniian genus Pacifigorgia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae) from Pacific Panama, pp. 1-15 in Zootaxa 541 on pages 12-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15770
Pacifigorgia cairnsi Breedy & Guzman 2003, new species
No full textPacifigorgia cairnsi, new species (Plate 3, Fig. 2)Published as part of Breedy, Odalisca & Guzman, Hector M., 2003, Octocorals from Costa Rica: The genus Pacifigorgia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae), pp. 1-60 in Zootaxa 281 (1) on page 9, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.128.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/501962
Pacifigorgia lacerata Breedy & Guzman 2003, new species
No full textPacifigorgia lacerata, new species (Plate 9, Fig. 8)Published as part of Breedy, Odalisca & Guzman, Hector M., 2003, Octocorals from Costa Rica: The genus Pacifigorgia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae), pp. 1-60 in Zootaxa 281 (1) on page 40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.128.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/501962
Pacifigorgia firma Breedy & Guzman 2003, new species
No full textPacifigorgia firma, new species (Plate 6, Fig. 5)Published as part of Breedy, Odalisca & Guzman, Hector M., 2003, Octocorals from Costa Rica: The genus Pacifigorgia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae), pp. 1-60 in Zootaxa 281 (1) on page 18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.128.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/501962
Pacifigorgia senta Breedy & Guzman 2003, new species
No full textPacifigorgia senta, new species (Plate 12, Fig. 11) (?) Gorgonia eximia Hickson, 1928: 386–387; Stiasny, 1943: 74–76, Plate 6.Published as part of Breedy, Odalisca & Guzman, Hector M., 2003, Octocorals from Costa Rica: The genus Pacifigorgia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae), pp. 1-60 in Zootaxa 281 (1) on page 47, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.128.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/501962
Oral History Interview with Jony Guzman
No full textThe topic of this oral narrative is the life of Jony Guzman in NC and his process of immigrating to the US
Pacifigorgia curta Breedy & Guzman 2003, new species
No full textPacifigorgia curta, new species (Plate 4, Fig. 3)Published as part of Breedy, Odalisca & Guzman, Hector M., 2003, Octocorals from Costa Rica: The genus Pacifigorgia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae), pp. 1-60 in Zootaxa 281 (1) on page 12, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.128.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/501962
Pacifigorgia flavimaculata Breedy & Guzman 2003, new species
No full textPacifigorgia flavimaculata, new species (Plate 7, Fig. 6)Published as part of Breedy, Odalisca & Guzman, Hector M., 2003, Octocorals from Costa Rica: The genus Pacifigorgia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae), pp. 1-60 in Zootaxa 281 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.128.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/501962
Oral History Interview with Jony Guzman
No full textThe topic of this oral narrative is the life of Jony Guzman in NC and his process of immigrating to the US
Leptogorgia cofrini Breedy & Guzman, 2005, sp. nov.
No full textLeptogorgia cofrini, sp. nov. (Figs. 1–6) Material examined. Holotype: UCR 398 A, preserved, Islas Tortugas, Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica, 1.5 m, J. Cortés, 18 July 1985. Paratypes: MCZ 62065, 2 specimens, preserved, Isla Tolinga, Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica, 2 m, O. Breedy, 21 August 2000; UCR 398 B, as the holotype; UCR 1048, dry, Isla Canal Afuera, Gulf of Chiriquí, Panama, 3–5 m, H.M. Guzman, 10 December 2001; UCR 1319, dry, Islote, Gulf of Chiriquí, down to 11 m, H.M. Guzman, 20 April 2002; UCR 1401, 2 specimens, dry, Islote Frijol, Gulf of Chiriquí, 1–15 m, H.M. Guzman, 24 April 2002; UCR 1446, dry, Isla Otoque, Gulf of Panama, Panama, 1–5 m, H. M. Guzman, 9 May 2002; UCR 1519, 3 specimens, UCR 1532, preserved, Cabo Matapalito, Península de Osa, Costa Rica, 10 m, O. Breedy, 12 March 2004; UCR 1521, 2 specimens, preserved, Isla Jicarita SW, Gulf of Chiriqui, 15–20 m, H.M. Guzman, 19 April 2002; UCR 1522, preserved, Isla Barca, Gulf of Chiriqui, 3–9 m, H.M. Guzman, 18 April 2002; UCR 1526, preserved, eastern Islas Negritos, Gulf of Nicoya, 11 m, O. Breedy, 21 November 2002; UCR 1529, 9 specimens, preserved, western Islas Negritos, 11 m, O. Breedy, 21 November 2002; UCR 1531, 3 specimens, preserved, Archipiélago Murciélago, Costa Rica, 3–18 m, O. Breedy, 2 December 2003; UCR 1533, preserved, Bahía Salinas, Costa Rica, 10 m, O. Breedy, 9 July 2002; UCR 1569, 5 specimens, preserved, Roca Prosper, Gulf of Chiriquí, 3–15 m, H.M. Guzman, 11 December 2002; UCR 1570, 3 specimens, preserved, Cabeza de Mono, Bahía Culebra, Costa Rica, 9 m, E. Ruiz, 24 May 1997; UCR 1571, preserved, Cabeza de Mono, 10 m, O. Breedy, 27 June 1997; UCR 1572, 3 specimens, preserved, Archipiélago Murciélago, 15 m, O. Breedy, 16 October 1999; UCR 1573, 2 specimens, preserved, Isla del Caño, Costa Rica, 20 m, O. Breedy, 13 September 1996. Diagnosis. Dwarf, white colonies, up to 7 cm in length, and 5 cm in width. Axis cylindrical. Growth form upright, branching abundant, and bushy, with a single stem reaching up to 3 mm in height before branching, or multiple stems (up to 4). Anastomosis absent. Polyps sparsely placed all around branches, fully retractile. Sclerites colourless, and mostly capstans up to 0.09 mm in length, spindles few and up to 0.12 mm in length, and long anthocodial rods up to 0.14 mm in length. Description. The holotype is a small, bushy, white colony 3.4 cm in height and 3.0 cm in width, arising from a laminar holdfast covered by coenenchyme but devoid of polyps (Fig. 1 B). When it was alive, the holdfast spread over a rocky substrate, and other colonies were growing in close proximity (Fig. 1 A). There are three main stems arising from a small holdfast producing profuse irregular branching in many directions. The main stems are 1.5–2.0 mm in diameter, and the terminal twigs about 1.0 mm. Terminal twigs are pointed, up to 15 mm in length, and curved at the ends. Polyps are colourless, and are sparsely distributed on all sides, fully retractile into the coenenchyme, which is almost flat around the apertures (Fig. 1 B–C). Sclerites of the coenenchyme are colourless (Fig. 1 D). The few longer ones are tuberculate spindles, some slightly curved, up to 0.12 mm in length and 0.04 mm in width, with warts in girdles. The shorter ones are blunt tuberculate capstans, 0.09 mm in length, and 0.04 mm in width, with two whorls of complex tubercles and terminal clusters (Figs. 1 D, 2 A). A small number of crosses are also present, up to 0.07 by 0.07 mm in size (Fig. 2 A, bottom left). The anthocodiae mostly contain long, narrow, somewhat flattened rods, up to 0.14 mm in length, and 0.01 mm in width, with some lobelike marginal projections, and also, smaller rods with branching projections (Figs. 2 B, 3). The anthocodial rods are arranged vertically below the polyp tentacles. The combination of long anthocodial rods, abundant large capstans, and a low occurrence of spindles are distinct characteristics of the new species (Fig. 1 D). Axis and holdfast. The axis of the terminal branches is pale yellow, with a clearly visible narrow white chambered central core, becoming darker amber in the larger branches and main stems. Layers of mineralized gorgonin, the axial cortex, surround the central core. After maceration in sodium hypochlorite, the axis shows longitudinal strands of CHAp, leaving dark grooves where gorgonin was removed (Fig. 4 A). This arrangement of mineralized strands has been observed in other species of Leptogorgia (Lewis et al. 1992, Bayer 2000, Bayer & Macintyre 2001). The chambers of the axial core of L. cofrini sp. nov. are filled with organic filaments mineralized with CHAp (Figs. 4 B, 5 A–B). The filaments are coated with microspheres of CHAp that fuse to produce branching extensions that partially anastomose. Microspheres that are isolated, or have different degrees of fusion are also found (Fig. 5). In this new species the meshwork of filaments is not dense, anastomosis is open, and mineralization consists of mostly large microspheres (up to 0.90 µm). The holdfast consists of thin layers of gorgonin with mineralized loculi (Fig. 6 A). Loculi are filled with organic filaments (Fig. 6 B–C) that are also mineralized. Longitudinal fractures of the surface expose the filaments coated with microspheres of CHAp fused to form columnlike arrangements (Fig. 6 C–D). After partial removal of the organic matter by maceration in sodium hypochlorite, some microspheres show a hollow core where the organic filaments were dissolved (Fig. 6 D), thus, a concentric deposition process around the filaments has occurred. Etymology. This species is named in honor of Dr. David A. Cofrin, a physician, philanthropist and visionary scienceenthusiast who has contributed to the advancement of research in biology. Dr. Cofrin's interest in the rise of the Isthmus of Panama and its influence over the last 12 million years on the evolution of life’s diversity in the Americas is encouraging the development of extensive research on marine biology and paleobiology. Habitat. The new species was found inhabiting shallow waters, from 1 m to 25 m in depth on rocky communities exposed to strong waves and currents. It is very common between 10 and 15 m where it appears in patches together with other octocorals species, but being the dominant species. Distribution. Various localities along the Pacific coast of Costa Rica and Panama, under contrasting oceanographic and hydrological conditions (e.g., upwelling and nonupwelling regimes). Remarks. Leptogorgia cofrini sp. nov. is allied to a group of Leptogorgia that could be called the Leptogorgia alba Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 group. They all are white with various branching patterns and different abundances of sclerite types. Excluding Leptogorgia styx Bayer, 2000, that was properly described and characterised, the rest of this group needs revision and redescription. However, Leptogorgia cofrini sp. nov. presents a characteristic small size, branching pattern, and sclerites that clearly differentiate it. The arrangement of CHAp in layers along the axis of L. cofrini sp. nov. matches L. styx (Bayer 2000), but the CHAp mineralization of the filaments in the core chambers showes some similarity to that found in Leptogorgia cardinalis (Bayer, 1961) by Bayer & Macintyre (2001), having a looser mesh of filaments, and larger microspheres.Published as part of Breedy, Odalisca & Guzman, Hector M., 2005, A new species of Leptogorgia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae) from the shallow waters of the eastern Pacific, pp. 1-11 in Zootaxa 899 on pages 3-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17096
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