4,104 research outputs found
Plan S: In service or disservice to society?
No full textThis is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication inEuropean Heart Journal following peer review. The version of record Guzik, T. J. and A. Ahluwalia (2019). "Plan S: in Service or Disservice to Society?: The controversial plan for scientific research publications to be published in compliant Open Access Journals or on compliant Open Access Platforms, is discussed." European Heart Journal 40(12): 949-952. is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz065The controversial plan for scientific research publications to be published in compliant Open Access Journals or on compliant Open Access Platforms is discussed. The article has been co-published with permission in European Heart Journal and British Journal of Pharmacology. The articles are identical except for minor stylistic and spelling differences in keeping with each journal's style. Either citation can be used when citing this article.Prof Guzik has received research grants from European Research Council, European Comission and the British Heart Foundation; consultancy Fees from Bayer AG and is the Editor-in-Chief of Cardiovascular Research, a European Society for Cardiology Journal. Prof Ahluwalia receives grant funding from Heart Research UK, The National Institute for Health Research, The British Heart Foundation and The Barts Charity
Will biological agents supplant systemic glucocorticoids as the first-line treatment for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy?
No full textIn this article, the two authors present their opposing points of view concerning the likelihood that glucocorticoids will be replaced by newly developed biological agents in the treatment of active, moderate-to-severe thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). TAO is a vexing, disfiguring and potentially blinding autoimmune manifestation of thyroid autoimmunity. One author expresses the opinion that steroids are nonspecific, frequently fail to improve the disease and can cause sometimes serious side effects. He suggests that glucocorticoids should be replaced as soon as possible by more specific and safer drugs, once they become available. The most promising of these are biological agents. The other author argues that glucocorticoids are proven effective and are unlikely to be replaced by biologicals. He reasons that while they may not uniformly result in optimal benefit, they have been proven effective in many reports. He remains open minded about alternative therapies such as biologicals but remains skeptical that they will replace steroids as the first-line therapy for active, moderate-to-severe TAO without head-to-head comparative clinical trials demonstrating superiority. Despite these very different points of view, both authors are optimistic about the availability of improved medical therapies for TAO, either as single agents or in combination. Further, both agree that better treatment options are needed to improve the care of our patients with active moderate-to-severe TAO
The value of silence
No full textThis is an electronic version of the article published in Theatre Journal, 54(1):85-94, 2002 March. The published article is available at http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/theatre_journal/v054/54.1eng.pdfEng, David L.The Value of Silence.Theatre Journal, 54,(1):85-94, 2002.DOI: 10.1353/tj.2002.000
Liftings for noncomplete probability spaces
No full textThe current state of knowledge concerning liftings for noncomplete probability spaces is discussed. This is a somewhat expanded version of the author's talk given at the 1991 Summer Conference on General Topology and Applications in Honor of Mary Ellen Rudin and Her Work.PT: S; CR: BURKE MR, IN PRESS P AM MATH S BURKE MR, 1991, ISRAEL J MATH, V73, P33 BURKE MR, 1992, ISRAEL J MATH, V79, P289 CARLSON T, THEOREM LIFTING CHRISTENSEN JPR, 1974, TOPOLOGY BOREL STRUC FREMLIN DH, 1989, HDB BOOLEAN ALGEBRAS, P877 INOESCUTULCEA A, 1966, 5TH P BERK S MATH ST, V2 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1967, CONTRIBUTIONS PROB 1, P63 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1969, TOPICS THEORY LIFTIN JECH TJ, 1978, SET THEORY JOHNSON RA, 1980, P AM MATH SOC, V80, P234 JUST W, IN PRESS T AM MATH S KUPKA J, 1983, INDIANA U MATH J, V32, P717 LOSERT V, 1983, LNM, V1080, P95 MAHARAM D, 1958, P AM MATH SOC, V9, P987 SHELAH S, 1983, ISRAEL J MATH, V45, P90 TALAGRAND M, 1982, P AM MATH SOC, V84, P379 VONNEUMANN J, 1931, CRELLES J MATH, V165, P109; NR: 18; TC: 0; J9: ANN N Y ACAD SCI; PG: 4; GA: BZ86BSource type: Electronic(1
Axisymmetric polydimethysiloxane microchannels for in vitro hemodynamic studies
No full textThe current microdevices used for biomedical research are often manufactured using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. Although it is possible to fabricate precise and reproducible rectangular microchannels using soft lithography techniques, this kind of geometry may not reflect the actual physiology of the microcirculation. Here, we present a simple method to fabricate circular polydimethysiloxane (PDMS) microchannels aiming to mimic an in vivo microvascular environment and suitable for state-of-the-art microscale flow visualization techniques, such as confocal µPIV/PTV. By using a confocal µPTV system individual red blood cells (RBCs) were successfully tracked trough a 75 µm circular PDMS microchannel. The results show that RBC lateral dispersion increases with the volume fraction of RBCs in the solution, i.e. with the hematocrit
The Imaging of a Complete Biological Structure with the Scanning Tunneling Microscope
No full textPT: J; CR: 1986, IBM J RES DEV, V30 AMREIN M, 1988, IN PRESS J MICROSCOP AMREIN M, 1988, SCIENCE, V240, P514 BEVERIDGE TJ, 1985, J BACTERIOL, V162, P728 BEVERIDGE TJ, 1987, CAN J MICROBIOL, V33, P725 BINNIG G, 1982, HELV PHYS ACTA, V55, P726 BLACKFORD BL, 1987, REV SCI INSTRUM, V58, P1343 BLACKFORD BL, 1988, IN PRESS J MICROSCOP DAHN DC, 1988, J VAC SCI TECHNOL A, V6, P548 FOSTER JS, 1988, IN PRESS J MICROSCOP HANSMA PK, 1987, J APPL PHYS, V61, R1 LINDSAY SM, 1988, J VAC SCI TECHNOL A, V6, P544 SHAW PJ, 1985, J BACTERIOL M, V161, P650 SMITH D, 1988, IN PRESS J MICROSCOP SMITH DPE, 1987, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V84, P969 SONNENFELD R, 1986, SCIENCE, V232, P211 SPROTT GD, 1980, CAN J MICROBIOL, V26, P115 SPROTT GD, 1986, CAN J MICROBIOL, V32, P847 STEMMER A, 1987, SURF SCI, V181, P394 STEWART M, 1985, J MOL BIOL, V183, P509 STROSCIO JA, 1987, PHYS REV LETT, V58, P1668 ZASADZINSKI JAN, 1988, SCIENCE, V239, P1013; NR: 22; TC: 12; J9: ULTRAMICROSCOPY; PG: 6; GA: AA937Source type: Electronic(1
Metabolic profiling and population screening of analgesic usage in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based large-scale epidemiologic studies
No full textThe application of a 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based screening method for determining the use of two widely available analgesics (acetaminophen and ibuprofen) in epidemiologic studies has been investigated. We used samples and data from the cross-sectional INTERMAP Study involving participants from Japan (n = 1145), China (n = 839), U.K. (n = 501), and the U.S. (n = 2195). An orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) algorithm with an incorporated Monte Carlo resampling function was applied to the NMR data set to determine which spectra contained analgesic metabolites. OPLS-DA preprocessing parameters (normalization, bin width, scaling, and input parameters) were assessed systematically to identify an optimal acetaminophen prediction model. Subsets of INTERMAP spectra were examined to verify and validate the presence/absence of acetaminophen/ibuprofen based on known chemical shift and coupling patterns. The optimized and validated acetaminophen model correctly predicted 98.2%, and the ibuprofen model correctly predicted 99.0% of the urine specimens containing these drug metabolites. The acetaminophen and ibuprofen models were subsequently used to predict the presence/absence of these drug metabolites for the remaining INTERMAP specimens. The acetaminophen model identified 415 out of 8436 spectra as containing acetaminophen metabolite signals while the ibuprofen model identified 245 out of 8604 spectra as containing ibuprofen metabolite signals from the global data set after excluding samples used to construct the prediction models. The NMR-based metabolic screening strategy provides a new objective approach for evaluation of self-reported medication data and is extendable to other aspects of population xenometabolome profiling
Values as reasons for consumer decisions – an inter-cultural comparison
No full textNowadays, consumers usually do not just consider the functional use of a product. At least equally important are the emotional experiences that are tied up with the product and that are sated with non-material elements of a product. Which non-material elements of a product are considered important by the consumer, depends on his or her personal values. Therefore, the identification of personal values assists in explaining the consumers’ purchasing motives. Since personal values do not just influence a consumers’ purchasing decision but vary between cultural circles, it is expected that cultural values lead to culture-specific consumption patterns. To analyse the coherences between cultural values and the consumer behaviour of a cultural circle, 40 female wine consumers, comprised of 20 German and 20 Ukrainian women, were interviewed on the basis of Means-End-Chain-Theory using laddering-interviews. The initial findings of this qualitative survey will be presented in this poster.Means-End-Chain-Theory, cross-cultural comparison, wine consumers, Consumer/Household Economics,
Measurement of vascular reactive oxygen species production by chemiluminescence.
No full textReactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in the pathogenesis of vascular disease states. In particular, superoxide anion participates in endothelial dysfunction mainly owing to its rapid interaction with NO, but also as it causes direct biological effects and serves as a progenitor for many other ROS. Detection of ROS in intact tissues and cells is much more difficult than in chemical systems. We describe advantages and potential pitfalls of chemiluminescent methods of vascular ROS detection. Lucigenin and luminol-enhanced chemiluminescent methods are described in the detection of vascular superoxide and peroxynitrite production and NAD(P)H oxidase activity. We also describe the use of new chemiluminescent probes, including cypridina luciferin analogs (coelenterazine; CLA and MCLA) and pholasin. The validity of some of these chemiluminescent methods (in particular lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence) recently has been questioned. It has been suggested that lucigenin itself, especially at high concentrations (>50 micromol/L), may produce superoxide via redox cycling. Using intact human vascular rings and vascular homogenates, we show that lucigenin, particularly at lower concentrations (5 micromol/L), provides an accurate assessment of the rate of superoxide production as assessed by close correlations with the SOD inhibitable ferricytochrome c reduction assay. Chemiluminescent techniques provide a useful approach for vascular ROS measurements, but should be always interpreted in the context of measurements obtained using other complementary techniques
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