885 research outputs found
Hearing Faces and Seeing Voices: The Integration and Interaction of Face and Voice Processing
No full textCognitive understanding of voice recognition has borrowed much from the area of face processing, both in terms of the theoretical framework within which results are interpreted, and the methodology used to assess performance. A considerable body of research now exists to suggest that voice recognition may proceed in parallel with face recognition, and that the two pathways may combine to inform person recognition. However, rather than being independent or equivalent, these parallel pathways appear to interact to reveal interesting interference effects. The present paper reviews a series of studies that focus on a considerable and growing literature. The vulnerability of voice processing will be explored relative to face processing, and the interaction of these two pathways will be examined with reference to broader theoretical frameworks for person recognition
Dissimilarity is used as evidence of category membership in multidimensional perceptual categorization: a test of the similarity-dissimilarity generalized context model
No full textIn exemplar models of categorization, the similarity between an exemplar and category members constitutes evidence that the exemplar belongs to the category. We test the possibility that the dissimilarity to members of competing categories also contributes to this evidence. Data were collected from two 2-dimensional perceptual categorization experiments, one with lines varying in orientation and length and the other with coloured patches varying in saturation and brightness. Model fits of the similarity-dissimilarity generalized context model were used to compare a model where only similarity was used with a model where both similarity and dissimilarity were used. For the majority of participants the similarity-dissimilarity model provided both a significantly better fit and better generalization, suggesting that people do also use dissimilarity as evidence
Fathers, physical child abuse, and neglect: Advancing the knowledge base
No full textFathers are overrepresented as perpetrators of physical child maltreatment, particularly in its most severe forms. Despite this, the research literature continues to lack specificity regarding the role fathers play in risk for physical child abuse or neglect (PCAN). Furthermore, although fathers have received more attention with respect to child sexual abuse and its treatment, their influence has been largely disregarded in many intervention efforts to reduce PCAN. Inadequate attention to the role of fathers, both in research and practice, has numerous problematic implications for the prevention of child maltreatment. The goal of this special issue is to disseminate new research that examines fathers’ roles by focusing on multiple fathering factors that may directly and indirectly shape both maternal and paternal risk of engaging in PCAN. In the introduction to the special issue, we highlight key questions in the research literature and present our perspective on how the articles included in this special issue address some of these gaps.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106173/1/2009-Lee-Bellamy-Guterman-CM-Intro.pd
Millisecond accuracy video display using OpenGL under Linux
No full textTo measure people’s reaction times to the nearest millisecond, it is necessary to know exactly when
a stimulus is displayed. This article describes how to display stimuli with millisecond accuracy on a
normal CRT monitor, using a PC running Linux. A simple C program is presented to illustrate how this
may be done within X Windows using the OpenGL rendering system. A test of this system is reported
that demonstrates that stimuli may be consistently displayed with millisecond accuracy. An algorithm
is presented that allows the exact time of stimulus presentation to be deduced, even if there are relatively
large errors in measuring the display time
Fathers and maternal risk for physical child abuse
No full textThis study set out to examine father-related factors predicting maternal physical child abuse risk in a national birth cohort of 1,480 families. In-home and phone interviews were conducted with mothers when index children were 3 years old. Predictor variables included the mother--father relationship status; father demographic, economic, and psychosocial variables; and key background factors. Outcome variables included both observed and self-reported proxies of maternal physical child abuse risk. At the bivariate level, mothers married to fathers were at lower risk for most indicators of maternal physical child abuse. However, after accounting for specific fathering factors and controlling for background variables, multivariate analyses indicated that marriage washed out as a protective factor, and on two of three indicators was linked with greater maternal physical abuse risk. Regarding fathering factors linked with risk, fathers' higher educational attainment and their positive involvement with their children most discernibly predicted lower maternal physical child abuse risk. Fathers' economic factors played no observable role in mothers' risk for physical child maltreatment. Such multivariate findings suggest that marriage per se does not appear to be a protective factor for maternal physical child abuse and rather it may serve as a proxy for other father-related protective factors.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106175/1/2009-Guterman-Lee-Lee-etal.-CM.pd
The Total Synthesis of Dragmacidins D and F
No full textThe dragmacidins are an emerging class of bis(indole) natural products isolated from deep-water marine organisms. Although there has been a substantial effort to prepare the simple piperazine dragmacidins, little synthetic work has been done in the area of the pyrazinone-containing family members, dragmacidins D, E, and F. These compounds are particularly interesting due to their complex structures and broad range of biological activity.
A highly convergent strategy to access dragmacidin D has been developed. In this approach, sequential halogen-selective Suzuki couplings were used to assemble the carbon scaffold of the natural product. After executing a highly optimized sequence of final events, the first completed total synthesis of dragmacidin D was achieved.
An enantiodivergent strategy for the total chemical synthesis of both (+)- and (-)-dragmacidin F from a single enantiomer of quinic acid has been developed and successfully implemented. Although unique, the synthetic routes to these antipodes share a number of key features, including novel reductive isomerization reactions, Pd(II)-mediated oxidative carbocyclization reactions, halogen-selective Suzuki couplings, and high-yielding late-stage Neber rearrangements.
The formal total syntheses of dragmacidin B, trans-dragmacidin C, and dihydrohamacanthin A are described. In addition, preliminary studies involving a novel approach for the preparation of dragmacidin E are reported.</p
Intimate partner violence, maternal stress, nativity, and risk for maternal maltreatment of young children
No full textObjectives. We examined the associations of intimate partner violence (IPV) and maternal risk factors with maternal child maltreatment risk within a diverse sample of mothers.
Methods. We derived the study sample (N=2508) from the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study.Weconducted regression analyses to examine associations between IPV, parenting stress, major depression, key covariates, and 4 proxy variables for maternal child maltreatment.
Results. Mothers reported an average of 25 acts of psychological aggression and 17 acts of physical aggression against their 3-year-old children in the year before the study, 11% reported some act of neglect toward their children during the same period, and 55% had spanked their children during the previous month. About 40% of mothers had experienced IPV by their current partner. IPV and maternal parenting stress were both consistent risk factors for all 4 maltreatment proxy variables. Although foreign-born mothers reported fewer incidents of child maltreatment, the IPV relative risk for child maltreatment was greater for foreign-born than for US-born mothers.
Conclusions. Further integration of IPV and child maltreatment prevention and intervention efforts is warranted; such efforts must carefully balance the needs of adult and child victims.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106171/1/2009-Taylor-Guterman-Lee-Rathouz-AJPH.pd
Paternal Psychosocial Characteristics and Corporal Punishment of their 3-Year Old Children
No full textThis study uses data from 2,309 biological fathers who participated in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS) to examine associations between psychosocial characteristics and levels of corporal punishment (CP) toward their 3-year old children over the past month. Results indicate that 61% of the fathers reported no CP over the past month, 23% reported using CP once or twice, and 16% reported using CP a few times in the past month or more. In multivariate models controlling for important socio-demographic factors as well as characteristics of the child, fathers’ parenting stress, major depression, alcohol use, and drug use were significantly associated with greater use of CP, whereas involvement with the child and generalized anxiety order were not. Girls were less likely to be the recipient of CP than boys, and child externalizing behavior problems but not internalizing behavior problems were associated with more CP.Fragile families, childbearing, nonmarital childbearing, fartherhood, fathers, corporal punishment, behavior problems, stress, depression
Use of spanking for 3 year-old children and associated intimate partner aggression or violence
No full textOBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to examine associations
between maternal and paternal use of corporal punishment (CP) for
3-year-old children and intimate partner aggression or violence (IPAV)
in a population-based sample.
METHODS: The study sample (N 1997) was derived from wave 3 of
the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Mother and father reports
regarding their use of CP and their IPAV victimization were analyzed.
IPAV included coercion and nonphysical and physical aggression.
RESULTS: Approximately 65% of the children were spanked at least
once in the previous month by 1 or both parents. Of couples who
reported any family aggression (87%), 54% reported that both CP and
IPAV occurred. The most prevalent patterns of co-occurrence involved
both parents as aggressors either toward each other (ie, bilateral
IPAV) or toward the child. The presence of bilateral IPAV essentially
doubled the odds that 1 or both parents would use CP, even after
controlling for potential confounders such as parenting stress, depression,
and alcohol or other drug use. Of the 5 patterns of cooccurring
family aggression assessed, the “single aggressor” model,
in which only 1 parent aggressed in the family, received the least
amount of empirical support.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite American Academy of Pediatrics’ recommendations
against the use of CP, CP use remains common in the United
States. CP prevention efforts should carefully consider assumptions
made about patterns of co-occurring aggression in families, given that
adult victims of IPAV, including even minor, nonphysical aggression
between parents, have increased odds of using CP with their children.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106170/1/2010-Taylor-Lee-Guterman-Rice-PEDS.pd
Neil Madsen
No full text21His father, known as "Old Dutchy" was one of the pioneer cotton farmers of the Territory. Neil Henry was known as Harry or "Young Dutchy" and was a bit of a likeable larrikin, who was often in court. Neil left the Territory in December 1934 and died in Goodna in Queensland in 1935.Embarked from Brisbane on board HMAT A46 'Clan Mcgillivray' on 7 September 1916, transferred to 44th Battalion, 4th Reinforcement and returned to Australia on 5 September 1919.LabourerAustralian Imperial Force9th Battalion, 20th Reinforcemen
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