1,721,036 research outputs found
Complementarismo e antropologia politica
No full textThe final pages of the book consider the question of political anthropology in the history of political thought and propose to introduce the perspective of ethnopsychiatry and ethnopsychoanalysis for the representation of individuals at the ground of a political theory.
This is the approach of "complementarism" (G. Devereux) that combines the psychiatry and psychoanalysis with other disciplines, in particular anthropology.
The possibility of using ethnopsychiatry and ethnopsychoanalysis at the ground of a political theory could be useful for interpreting the current complexity of politics
Démocratie et constitutionnalise après les printemps arabes. Le cas de la Tunisie
No full textL’essai aborde le problème des “printemps arabes” avec une référence particulière au cas tunisien et aux caractéristiques de la nouvelle démocratie constitutionnelle qui a été réalisée après la chute du regime de Ben Ali. Il s’agit d’un “néo-constitutionnalisme arabe” qui, tout en montrant des grandes affinités avec les démocraties occidentales, s’en différencie toutefois par son caractère de “démocratie constitutionnelle à référence arabo-islamique”. L’analyse souligne le compromis culturel entre tradition et modernité qui a produit l’actuelle forme de démocratie tunisienne et le compromis entre les forces politiques qui sont liées à ceux deux différents orientations. La démocratie tunisienne est un processus d’apprentissage qui a peut-être la capacité de surmonter l’instabilité du compromis
Rights and Civilizations. A History and Philosophy of International Law
No full textRights and Civilizations, translated from the Italian original Diritti e Civiltà. Storia e filosofia del diritto internazionale, Il Mulino, Bologna, 2010 , traces a history of international law to illustrate the origins of the Western colonial project and its attempts to civilize the non-European world. The book, ranging from the sixteenth century to the twenty-first, explains how the West sought to justify its own colonial conquests through an ideology that revolved around the idea of its own assumed superiority, variously attributed to Christian peoples (in the early modern age), Western “civil” peoples (in the nineteenth century), and “developed” peoples (at the beginning of the twentieth century), and now to democratic Western peoples. In outlining this history and discourse, the book shows that, while the Western conception may style itself as universal, it is in fact relative. This comes out by bringing the Western civilization into comparison with others, mainly the Islamic one, suggesting the need for an “intercivilizational” approach to international law
Storia costituzionale e storia delle dottrine politiche
No full textIl saggio intende evidenziare come la storia costituzionale abbia contribuito non tanto a modificare, quanto piuttosto ad arricchire e ad ampliare il campo di ricerca della storia delle dottrine politiche.
Il saggio sottolinea come la storia costituzionale si sia dapprima dispiegata come critica all' applicazione al passato di espressioni concettuali della vita costituzionale legate al presente e si sia successivamente proposta come critica alla storia delle idee, e alla tendenza a presentarle quali concezioni costanti in grado di esprimersi in forme storiche diverse, senza modificare il loro nucleo.
Il testo analizza l'attuale dibattito sul fondamentale lessico storico dei concetti socio-politici Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe, ideato e curato da Otto Brunner, Werner Conze e Reinhart Kosellek e si sofferma sulle tesi di autori (come ad es. Christian Geulen) che ritengono che molti dei contenuti semantici che erano significativi nella Sattelzeit, rappresentata dalla metà del sec. XVIII, richiedano ora una traduzione, in quanto la loro origine non giunge più fino al nostro presente.
Nella seconda parte del saggio viene indagato, nella prospettiva della storia costituzionale, il dibattito che si svolse nella repubblica di Weimar nell'ambito della dottrina dello Stato per mostrarne tutta l'attualità
Eredità coloniale e costruzione dell'Europa. Una questione irrisolta: il "rimosso" della coscienza europea
No full textIl volume è il risultato di una ricerca che ha indagato l’eredità coloniale e la continuità delle logiche coloniali con le politiche europee in Africa e nell’area del Mediterraneo.
A più di sessant’anni dalla nascita della Comunità Economica Europea la riflessione sulle relazioni euro-mediterranee deve misurarsi con l’eredità coloniale che accompagnò la costituzione della CEE fin dal suo inizio e si tradusse successivamente nelle relazioni asimmetriche e nelle politiche protezionistiche rispetto ai paesi della “riva sud”.
Il volume analizza la continuità delle logiche coloniali con le politiche europee in Africa e nell’area del Mediterraneo, in un arco di tempo che si estende dalla seconda metà dell’Ottocento al secondo dopoguerra.
Il testo affronta, in primo luogo, le modalità del colonialismo indagandone due aspetti: il diritto coloniale e la legislazione economica coloniale.
Il diritto coloniale lasciava emergere con tutta evidenza il “lato oscuro” del pensiero occidentale, che ammetteva i diritti dell’uomo e del cittadino, proclamati dalla Dichiarazione della Rivoluzione francese, solo per i coloni nelle terre d’oltremare, ma li negava alla popolazione indigena. L’Europa viveva la stagione dello Stato di diritto, mentre le colonie si trovavano in uno “stato d’eccezione”.
In particolare l’analisi del diritto coloniale consente di evidenziare l’ideologia, in esso racchiusa, di una «missione civilizzatrice» che rinviava in un futuro lontano e ipotetico la possibilità di un’«assimilazione» tra colonizzati e colonizzatori. Non è sorprendente ritrovare questa stessa dottrina al fondamento delle attuali politiche migratorie francesi.
Di grandissimo rilievo si è rivelata la considerazione della pluralità degli «sguardi» - del colonizzatore e del colonizzato - che hanno consentito di cogliere tutta la drammaticità del «fatto coloniale». In questa prospettiva la ricerca si è spinta fino al cuore del problema, ossia alla irrisolta e forse insolubile contraddizione tra i principi occidentali del liberalismo e la realtà del colonialismo o, meglio, del «capitalismo coloniale», analizzando il pensiero di alcuni classici della storia delle dottrine politiche, da Locke a Diderot, a Kant, a Tocqueville, a J.S. Mill.
L’indagine sulla legislazione economica coloniale ha messo in luce che essa si basava sulla teoria dei tre stadi di sviluppo (agricoltura, commercio e industria) - enunciata fin dal sec. XVIII da J. Millar, A.R.J. Turgot, A. Smith - e descriveva la condizione delle colonie africane come uno stadio agricolo, rifiutando l’opportunità di uno sviluppo industriale dell’Africa per evitare una possibile concorrenza con i prodotti europei. Il colonialismo europeo si opponeva così allo sviluppo dell’Africa, assegnandole il ruolo di riserva di materie prime e di mercato per i prodotti europei.
Il volume approfondisce poi la dottrina dell’«Eurafrica». Questa dottrina, elaborata nel corso degli anni Trenta del secolo scorso, enunciava la tesi della complementarietà tra Europa ed Africa. Essa fu anche al fondamento - sulla base di una concezione neo-coloniale - della costituzione della Comunità Economica Europea del 1957. Il volume considera infine gli sviluppi di questa politica neo-coloniale sia rispetto agli Stati africani diventati indipendenti, sia rispetto alle politiche euro-mediterranee
Europe and the colonial legacy: Continuity in a history to be told
Full text linkThe considerations of this essay refer to the age of the ‘Second European Empires’ and are intended to address the colonial legacy in the construction of Europe. This colonial legacy will be analysed on three levels: ideological, political, and economic.
The essay is divided into two parts. The first part analyzes the relationship between international law and colonial law in French colonialism, highlighting the ideology of assimilation contained in colonial law.
The ideology of assimilation - through which the will to affirm the superiority of the colonizer is expressed - persists in the reality of contemporary France and represents the continuity of the ideology of colonial rule in the current reality of a previous colonial power.
Toward the close of the 19th century the vastness of the colonial empire dictated the need of introducing the political idea of association which meant the relation of cooperation but between a ‘superior’ and an ‘inferior’. We can find this doctrine of association in the 1957 Treaty of Rome, which provided for the association of the overseas countries and territories with the nascent European Economic Community.
Moreover from an economic point of view the theory of the ‘stages of development’ was at the origin of the representation of the backwardness of the ‘savage’ in relation to the condition of development of the ‘advanced’ European countries. On this basis, the complementarity relationship between the African colonies and the colonial powers was defined’
The second part of the essay analyses the doctrine of ‘Eurafrica” which enunciated the complementary relationship between Africa and Europe and was the basis for the creation of the EEC.
The essay also develops the analysis of the decolonization process by assuming a non-Eurocentric perspective and underlines the need for a multi-level analysis to examine the complexity of the issues that were at the origin of the construction of Europe after the Second World War
Weimar: Questioni costituzionali e prospettive dell'integrazione europea
No full textThe essay analyses the constitutional debate during the age of Weimar after the end of Kaiserreich and the loss of its organic integration on the ground of the monarchic principle. At the core of the debate there was the problem of the conditions of pluralism in a democratic form of government. The essays considers in particular Rudolf Smend’s integration doctrine and H.Heller’s concept of social homogeneity as the necessary condition of democracy. Smend’s doctrine and Heller’s theory of State are analysed in comparison with Kelsen’s normativism. The Weimar’s crisis appeared as the consequence of the absence of a social homogeneity and the impossibility of the “material” integration theorised by Smend. Significant is also the consideration of the Weimar debate on the part of the constitutional jurisprudence of BVerfG about the conditions of the European integration
Eredità coloniale e costruzione dell'Europa: una storia non detta
No full textThe essay analyses the colonial legacy in the process of Europe's building, considering both the representation of native population in the colonial law and the so-called economic "backwardness" of colonies.
Particularly relevant is the analysis of the ideology of "Eurafrica" in the building of the European Economic Community.
The essay points out the continuity of colonial patterns of treating indigenous people in the current metropolitan European countries as well as the condition of economic dependancy of postcolonial States, particularly in Africa
Humanitarian Intervention, Colonialism, Islam, and Democracy. An Analysis through the Human-Nonhuman distinction
No full textThe title of this book - Human, Nonhuman: Humanitarian Intervention, Colonialism, Arab Springs - makes reference to the long history that has set the West in contrast to peoples belonging to other civilizations and cultures, for in this history these peoples have been understood to partake of a different, and even inferior, humanity.
Humanitarian intervention, conceptually defined in the latter half of the nineteenth century, was conceived for the purpose of countering “barbarism” with what were purported to be the laws of humanity. But in fact this was no more than an ideological statement concealing the hegemonic designs of the Western powers, and it was closely connected with the forms of domination that prevailed in the colonial era.
Proceeding on a “scientific” basis, colonialism got to the point of proclaiming a different human nature of the colonized so as to legitimize its own civilizing mission. The degree of violence so inflicted could only be met with the violence of peoples who endure oppression and ultimately find their own dignity being denied.
The historical snapshot just outlined frames the issues addressed in Part One of this book, which argues that humanitarian intervention reveals itself to be a “hegemonic technique” through which its own interests are represented as universal, when in fact they are unilateral.
Part Two of the book reconstructs the complex path the Arab nations embarked on once they freed themselves from colonial domination, rebuilding the state by reclaiming their own cultural identity and lifting the dead hand of the colonial past. But the account offered in Part Two also highlights the continuity between colonial domination and the national governments that replaced the colonial ones in the wake of independence.
The point of departure for these so-called Arab springs is to be found in the attempt to give birth to democratic forms of government capable of keeping in check the autocratic elites that wield power in the Arab countries, but also in the emphasis placed on the Islamic tradition and in its controversial relation to Western political culture.
The book underscores the peculiarity of Muslim cultural identity, and the original forms of government it can give rise to, from a perspective that cannot be reduced to that of the Western tradition. The analysis the book makes of forms of government in Arab countries is thus comparative, bringing out the degree to which these forms of government diverge from Western ones, as well as the possible ways in which the two may converge.
In this discussion the book looks beyond the facile and mystifying conclusions asserting that it is impossible for Arab countries to achieve democratic forms of government, and in so doing (as just mentioned) it underscores the role the West has had in preventing these peoples from charting their own course in history in light of values and standards that they define on their own terms.
Way of approaching the topics covered in the book. The book uses the device of looking at the same subject matter from two angles—or, more specifically, looking at the fact of colonialism from a Western viewpoint and from an Arab one—and extracting meaning and consequences from the discrepancy between these two “lookout points.” The use of this device is reflected in the book’s division into two main parts, and the parallel historical narrative it enables the reader to see is reconstructed on the basis of primary sources, beginning with the works of the nineteenth-century international lawyers
The Colonial Encounter and the Heritage of Colonialism in Africa and the Mediterranean Area
No full textThe article explores colonialism during the 19th century, with particular reference to French colonialism and the influence of the colonial heritage on current African and Euro-Mediterranean relations. The topic is analyzed from the perspective of colonial law. In the frame of colonial law it is important to examine economic legislation in order to understand the continuity of the economic organization of the colonies with the contemporary asymmetric relations between the European Union, on the one side, and the African countries and those of the southern shore of the Mediterranean, on the other. In particular, the article discusses the project of so-called “Eurafrica”, that is the idea of the complementarity of Europe and Africa from a colonial perspective
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