17 research outputs found
Hands and feet: closer than you think in epithelial migration
No full textEpithelial migration requires that substrate-based motility be coordinated with cell-cell adhesion. In this issue, Ozawa et al. (2020. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202006196) identify a central role for actin assembly at adherens junctions that contributes to both of these processes
Smart “lanthano” proteins for phospholipid sensing
No full textMetal-ion-mediated interactions between calcium-binding peripheral proteins and membrane phospholipids is a key feature of multiple cell signaling processes. The molecular basis for the interaction involves the displacement of inner-sphere water molecules on calcium ions by phosphate groups of the phospholipids. On the basis of this fundamental mechanism, we have devised a novel “turn-on” optical sensing strategy for anionic phospholipids by using a lanthanide reconstituted protein. The “lanthano” protein turns on selectively in the presence of a crucial signaling phospholipid, phosphatidylserine, by affording a 6 times enhancement in lanthanide luminescence. The “turn-on” sensing strategy was distinctly validated by direct evidence for the water-displacement mechanism via lifetime measurements
Smart “Lanthano” Proteins for Phospholipid Sensing
No full textMetal-ion-mediated interactions between
calcium-binding peripheral proteins and membrane phospholipids is
a key feature of multiple cell signaling processes. The molecular
basis for the interaction involves the displacement of inner-sphere
water molecules on calcium ions by phosphate groups of the phospholipids.
On the basis of this fundamental mechanism, we have devised a novel
“turn-on” optical sensing strategy for anionic phospholipids
by using a lanthanide reconstituted protein. The “lanthano”
protein turns on selectively in the presence of a crucial signaling
phospholipid, phosphatidylserine, by affording a 6 times enhancement
in lanthanide luminescence. The “turn-on” sensing strategy
was distinctly validated by direct evidence for the water-displacement
mechanism via lifetime measurements
Author Correction: Tyrosine dephosphorylated cortactin downregulates contractility at the epithelial zonula adherens through SRGAP1
No full textA correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML version of this article.</jats:p
Tyrosine dephosphorylated cortactin downregulates contractility at the epithelial zonula adherens through SRGAP1
No full textContractile adherens junctions support cell-cell adhesion, epithelial integrity, and morphogenesis. Much effort has been devoted to understanding how contractility is established; however, less is known about whether contractility can be actively downregulated at junctions nor what function this might serve. We now identify such an inhibitory pathway that is mediated by the cytoskeletal scaffold, cortactin. Mutations of cortactin that prevent its tyrosine phosphorylation downregulate RhoA signaling and compromise the ability of epithelial cells to generate a contractile zonula adherens. This is mediated by the RhoA antagonist, SRGAP1. We further demonstrate that this mechanism is co-opted by hepatocyte growth factor to promote junctional relaxation and motility in epithelial collectives. Together, our findings identify a novel function of cortactin as a regulator of RhoA signaling that can be utilized by morphogenetic regulators for the active downregulation of junctional contractility
Nature of active forces in tissues: how contractile cells can form extensile monolayers
No full textActomyosin machinery endows cells with contractility at a single cell level. However, at a tissue scale, cells can show either contractile or extensile behaviour based on the direction of pushing or pulling forces due to neighbour interactions or substrate interactions. Previous studies have shown that a monolayer of fibroblasts behaves as a contractile system 1 while a monolayer of epithelial cells 2,3 or neural crest cells behaves as an extensile system. 4 How these two contradictory sources of force generation can coexist has remained unexplained. Through a combination of experiments using MDCK (Madin Darby Canine Kidney) cells, and in-silico modeling, we uncover the mechanism behind this switch in behaviour of epithelial cell monolayers from extensile to contractile as the weakening of intercellular contacts. We find that this switch in active behaviour also promotes the buildup of tension at the cell-substrate interface through an increase in actin stress fibers and higher traction forces. This in turn triggers a mechanotransductive response in vinculin translocation to focal adhesion sites and YAP (Yes-associated protein) transcription factor activation. Our studies also show that differences in extensility and contractility act to sort cells, thus determining a general mechanism for mechanobiological pattern formation during cell competition, morphogenesis and cancer progression
A mechanosensitive RhoA pathway that protects epithelia against acute tensile stress
No full textAdherens junctions are tensile structures that couple epithelial cells together. Junctional tension can arise from cell-intrinsic application of contractility or from the cell-extrinsic forces of tissue movement. Here, we report a mechanosensitive signaling pathway that activates RhoA at adherens junctions to preserve epithelial integrity in response to acute tensile stress. We identify Myosin VI as the force sensor, whose association with E-cadherin is enhanced when junctional tension is increased by mechanical monolayer stress. Myosin VI promotes recruitment of the heterotrimeric G alpha 12 protein to E-cadherin, where it signals for p114 RhoGEF to activate RhoA. Despite its potential to stimulate junctional actomyosin and further increase contractility, tension-activated RhoA signaling is necessary to preserve epithelial integrity. This is explained by an increase in tensile strength, especially at the multicellular vertices of junctions, that is due to mDia1-mediated actin assembly
