8 research outputs found
Applications of machine learning in biophotonics and laser metrology
No full textRecently, optical technologies have found several applications in fields including biophotonics, precision metrology and wavelength scale sensors. However, to gather statistically relevant information and analysis these methods require large amount of measurements. Current linear multivariate methods such as principal component analysis or linear discriminant analysis are not sufficient to analyze these big datasets with non-linear variability. Recently, the application of deep learning based artificial neural networks have found an upsurge in various areas of science ranging from quantum physics to evolutionary biology, providing an enhancement in the efficiency of various techniques. This thesis focuses on the applications of machine learning with the goal to enhance different aspects of biophotonics.
Firstly, this thesis explores the application machine learning to enhance the label-free characterization of cells of the immune system using Raman spectroscopy and digital holographic microscopy. The combination of deep learning with digital holographic microscopy provides a route towards a high throughput hemogram device which would be useful for the classification of clinically important immune cells with morphological similarities but different functions.
Following this, the applications of deep learning are explored in the regime of precision optical metrology for the development of a laser speckle wavemeter with a high dynamic range with an additional application for the development of a binary speckle based spectrometer.
Finally, the application of machine learning based methods are also explored to improve the sensitivity of the chirped guided mode biosensor. A comparison between the linear method of principal component analysis and direct Fano fitting is drawn which is followed by the application of multi layered perceptron for further improvement."This work was supported by Medical Research Scotland [Grant Ph.D. 873-2015],
which provided an opportunity of an industrial PhD with M Squared Lasers." -- Acknowledgement
Introduction of 'patient safety' module to undergraduate medical students through an interactive workshop
No full textBackground: The World Health Organization (WHO) had developed a curriculum guide designed to shape foundation knowledge and skills of medical students to sensitise them regarding 'Patient Safety'. 'Patient Safety' is not emphasised in the current undergraduate (UG) medical curriculum. This study is an attempt to know the effectiveness of introducing a 'Patient Safety' Module based on the WHO's proposed curriculum, through an interactive workshop for UG medical students.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 77 students of 2nd year Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS). Three topics of the WHO's 'Patient Safety Curriculum' were taught through an 'Interactive workshop' and a study tool, comprising of multiple-choice question and Likert scale. A questionnaire was also administered pre- and post-workshop, followed by a 'field activity' which allowed students to apply their newly learnt knowledge in a real hospital setting. Feedback was taken and qualitatively analysed.
Results: The mean score of first section of the study tool was 9.2 (45.9%) in pre-test and 14.6 (73.2%) in post-test, with a positive difference of 5.5 (27.4%) marks. The analysis of section 2 showed a significant positive change in the knowledge level, but a non-significant change was noted for the level of agreement, own ability to influence, personal attitudes with regard to patient safety and expectations about patient care. Overall analysis of the second section revealed a significant change to the positive side.
Conclusions: 'Interactive Workshop' significantly increased the knowledge regarding patient safety, and therefore, it is an effective method to teach 'patient Safety' to UG medical students
A prospective study of incidence and risk factors for secondary glaucoma after penetrating keratoplasty
No full textAim: To carry out a prospective study to analyze the incidence and risk factors for secondary glaucoma after penetrating keratoplasty (PK). Materials and Methods: Three hundred and eleven consecutive penetrating keratoplasties that were performed between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2008, with a follow-up of 12 months were prospectively analyzed to determine the factors associated with postoperative glaucoma. Results: Of 311 eyes, secondary glaucoma developed in 57 cases. This yields an incidence of 18.3%. In conditions, such as aphakic bullous keratopathy, the incidence of post-PK glaucoma was 3.0%; in pseudophakic bullous keratopathy 14.0%, and in cases of failed graft 16.0%, while in cases of corneal ulcer and corneal opacity it was 49.0% and 18.0%, respectively. Conclusion: We conclude in our study that the incidence of glaucoma developing post-PK was highest in phakic eyes, which may be due to the formation of posterior synechiae and development of intumescent cataract. Higher incidence of glaucoma developing in infective cases could be due to recipient hot eye and the high incidence in cases of large graft could be attributed to the formation of peripheral anterior synechiae
A study of diaphyseal nutrient foramina in human femur
No full textBackground: The external opening of the nutrient canal in a bone is the nutrient foramen (NF). It is clinically important to have an understanding of the location, number, direction and caliber of diaphyseal nutrient foramina in femur, especially in orthopedic surgical procedures. Here we study the diaphyseal nutrient foramina of femur in detail.Methods: This study was conducted on 312, (154 right and 158 left), macerated specimens of adult human femur. All the important parameters were studied using osteometric board, vernier calipers and other precision measuring instruments.Results: The mean number of nutrient foramina per femur bone was 1.64 and mean distance of NF from upper end of femur was 19.48 cms. The foraminal index obtained was 45.01%. The most common location of NF was on the medial lip of linea aspera (40.9%). 44.6% femur had only one NF, while 49.4% had two NF, 3.8% femur had three NFs and 2.24% femur had four NFs. 50.48% of NFs were of big size caliber, 26.6% were of medium size and 22.8% were of small caliber. So 77.1% NFs in femur were dominant foramina. In all the bones studied the direction of the nutrient foramina was always directed upwards.Conclusions: The findings of this study on nutrient foramina adds to the information from studies in the past by other authors but the importance of this study lies in the large sample size and the detailed study of caliber of the nutrient foramen for the first time.
Dermatosis neglecta in schizophrenia: A rare case report
No full textDermatosis neglecta is a chronic, dermatologic disorder results in ignored, neglected body parts due to chronic disability or painful conditions. There is scarcity of literature supporting the existence of dermatosis neglecta in the context of psychiatric illnesses. In this case report, we attempts to highlight, dermatosis neglecta in a homeless patient suffering from schizophrenia
Book of Abstracts of the 2nd International Conference on Applied Mathematics and Computational Sciences (ICAMCS-2022)
No full textIt is a great privilege for us to present the abstract book of ICAMCS-2022 to the authors and the delegates of the event. We hope that you will find it useful, valuable, aspiring, and inspiring. This book is a record of abstracts of the keynote talks, invited talks, and papers presented by the participants, which indicates the progress and state of development in research at the time of writing the research article. It is an invaluable asset to all researchers. The book provides a permanent record of this asset.
Conference Title: 2nd International Conference on Applied Mathematics and Computational SciencesConference Acronym: ICAMCS-2022Conference Date: 12-14 October 2022Conference Organizers: DIT University, Dehradun, IndiaConference Mode: Online (Virtual
