15 research outputs found
DeeR-Hash: A lightweight hash construction for Industry 4.0 / IoT
No full text142-150Industry 4.0 and IoT are emerging computing environments for low energy devices. Implementing complex security mechanisms in such environment is challenging. A lightweight and energy aware hashing provides high security to the devices under these environments. Earlier hash algorithms such as SHA and MD5 were very complex and hence are not suitable for the energy constrained devices. Similar hashing algorithm is needed for low energy devices as well. The authors proposed a sponge based hashing algorithm that is capable of providing a security up to second preimage attack to the devices communicating under such constrained environments. The methodology of the proposed design is derived from some existing lightweight hash constructions such as Photon, Quark, Gluon, and Spongent. The steps in the algorithm of DeeR-Hash include the steps for DeeRSponge and DeeRStateUpdate as well. To construct the sponge for the proposed hashing, the authors had taken the value of b, r, and c as 80, 2, and 78 respectively. After implementing the algorithm in a tag-reader scenario, the authors find that it is taking only 483 GE for 80-bits digest and is suitable for a lightweight cryptographic environment. The avalanche effect produced by the proposed algorithm further strengthens the security claim of the authors. Comparing other related work in this area, the authors claim that the required area in ASIC in lowest
DeeR-Gen: A Pseudo Random Number Generator for Industry 4.0 / IoT
No full text316-321Random binary bit sequences or random numbers are very useful in cryptographic applications. These sequences are used
as a key in different encryption algorithms. Also, they can be used as random nonce in many mutual authentication protocols.
Because these sequences are used at very basic level in cryptographic applications there generation should be fast, secure, and
energy-efficient. Particularly in the case of Industry 4.0/IoT, a lightweight implementation is much needed along with high
security and rapid production. The earlier generators of random numbers used the true source of randomness but the same is not
feasible in current scalable Industry 4.0/IoT scenario. Many works have already been done to generate random numbers through
PRNGs. Some examples are J3Gen, Warbler, LAMED, and ARROW. However, it is essential to bring a completely
programmed, highly secured, energy efficient and a fast paced algorithm for random number generation. In this paper, a novel
algorithm, named DeeR-Gen, which works with one multiplexer and two NLFSRs is presented. It requires only 245 GE on
ASIC, lowest hardware requirement till date. Proposed methodology has also been tested for EPC test of randomness. The
authors found the proposed algorithm secure and energy-efficient to be used in any lightweight cryptographic algorithm
Distributed Key Generation for Secure Communications Between Different Actors in Service Oriented Highly Dense VANET
No full textGenerating Random Binary Bit Sequences for Secure Communications between Constraint Devices under the IOT Environment
No full textEfficient Encryption Techniques for Data Transmission Through the Internet of Things Devices
No full textHash and Physical Unclonable Function (PUF)-Based Mutual Authentication Mechanism
No full textThe security of web applications in an enterprise is of paramount importance. To strengthen the security of applications, the identification and mitigation of vulnerabilities through appropriate countermeasures becomes imperative. The Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) Top 10 API Security Risks, 2023 Edition, indicates the prominent vulnerabilities of API security risks. Broken authentication, however, is placed in second position with level-3 exploitability, level-2 prevalence, level-3 detectability, and level-3 technical impact. To mitigate this vulnerability, many mitigation strategies have been proposed by using the cryptographic primitives wherein two techniques, namely hashing and PUF, are used. Some of the proposals have integrated the concepts of hashing and PUF. However, the unnecessarily lengthy and complex mathematics used in these proposals makes them unsuitable for current API-based application scenarios. Therefore, in this paper, the authors propose a privacy-preserving authentication protocol that incorporates the capability of both mechanisms in an easy and low-complexity manner. In addition to overcoming existing limitations, the proposed protocol is tested to provide more security properties over existing schemes. Analysis of their performance has demonstrated that the proposed solutions are secure, efficient, practical, and effective for API-based web applications in an enterprise environment
An etiopathological study of Mootra-Ashmari with special reference to Urolithiasis: A Literary Review
Get PDFMootra-Ashmari is a disease of urinary tract which causes problems in many ways including passage of urine. The waste material when not dissolve completely in urine and obstruct urinary path then Mootra-Ashmari may occur which is termed as renal calculi/urolithiasis/nephrolithiasis in modern medical sciences. As per Sushruta Samhita, Ashmari is included in Ashtamahagada due to its fatal nature. Description of Ashmari is found in almost all Samhitas of Ayurveda for e.g. either as a type of Mootraghata (Acharya Charaka) or as a separate disease (Acharya Sushruta). Ashmari is one of the most common disorders of Mootravaha Srotasa. It is Kaphapradhana Tridoshaja Vyadhi. Pathya-Apathya is an important factor in Mootra-Ashmari. Urinary stones frequently occur worldwide. Prevalence rate of 1-5% are reported in Asia, 12% in India. it is very much important to prevent occurrence of the disease because of the dreadful complications caused by Mootra-Ashmari and its high chances of recurrence
Fabrication and characterization of polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan composite nanofibers for carboxylesterase immobilization to enhance the stability of the enzyme
No full textAbstract Electrospinning stands out as a flexible and viable method, presenting designed nanoscale materials with customized properties. This research demonstrates the immobilization of carboxylesterase protein Ha006a, reported for its adequacy in pesticide bioremediation by utilizing the electrospinning strategy. This strategy was utilized to create nanofibers by incorporating variable mixtures of biodegradable and cost-effective polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-chitosan (CS) nanofiber solution (PVA100, PVA96, PVA94, PVA92 and PVA90). All the mixtures were electrospun at a reliable voltage of 21 kV, maintaining a gap of 12 cm from the nozzle. The Ha006a, sourced from Helicoverpa armigera, was consolidated into the optimized PVA90 polymer mixture. The electrospun nanofibers experienced comprehensive characterization utilizing distinctive microscopy and spectroscopy procedures counting FESEM, TGA, XRD and FTIR. The comparative investigation of the esterase property, ideal parameters and stability of the unbound and bound/immobilized Ha006a was scrutinized. The results uncovered an essential elevation in the ideal conditions of enzyme activity post-immobilization. The PVA-CS control nanofiber and Ha006a-PVA-CS showed a smooth structure, including an average breadth of around 170.5 ± 44.2 and 222.5 ± 66.5 nm, respectively. The enzyme-immobilized nanofibers displayed upgraded stability and comprehensive characterization of the nanofiber, which guaranteed genuineness and reproducibility, contributing to its potential as a potent device for bioremediation applications. This investigation opens the way for the manufacture of pesticide-resistant insect enzyme-based nanofibers, unlocking their potential for assorted applications, counting pesticide remediation and ensuring environmental sustainability
DeeR-Hash: A lightweight hash construction for Industry 4.0 / IoT
Get PDFIndustry 4.0 and IoT are emerging computing environments for low energy devices. Implementing complex security mechanisms in such environment is challenging. A lightweight and energy aware hashing provides high security to the devices under these environments. Earlier hash algorithms such as SHA and MD5 were very complex and hence are not suitable for the energy constrained devices. Similar hashing algorithm is needed for low energy devices as well. The authors proposed a sponge based hashing algorithm that is capable of providing a security up to second preimage attack to the devices communicating under such constrained environments. The methodology of the proposed design is derived from some existing lightweight hash constructions such as Photon, Quark, Gluon, and Spongent. The steps in the algorithm of DeeR-Hash include the steps for DeeRSponge and DeeRStateUpdate as well. To construct the sponge for the proposed hashing, the authors had taken the value of b, r, and c as 80, 2, and 78 respectively. After implementing the algorithm in a tag-reader scenario, the authors find that it is taking only 483 GE for 80-bits digest and is suitable for a lightweight cryptographic environment. The avalanche effect produced by the proposed algorithm further strengthens the security claim of the authors. Comparing other related work in this area, the authors claim that the required area in ASIC in lowest
DeeR-Gen: A Pseudo Random Number Generator for Industry 4.0 / IoT
Get PDFRandom binary bit sequences or random numbers are very useful in cryptographic applications. These sequences are used as a key in different encryption algorithms. Also, they can be used as random nonce in many mutual authentication protocols. Because these sequences are used at very basic level in cryptographic applications there generation should be fast, secure, and energy-efficient. Particularly in the case of Industry 4.0/IoT, a lightweight implementation is much needed along with high security and rapid production. The earlier generators of random numbers used the true source of randomness but the same is not feasible in current scalable Industry 4.0/IoT scenario. Many works have already been done to generate random numbers through PRNGs. Some examples are J3Gen, Warbler, LAMED, and ARROW. However, it is essential to bring a completely programmed, highly secured, energy efficient and a fast paced algorithm for random number generation. In this paper, a novel algorithm, named DeeR-Gen, which works with one multiplexer and two NLFSRs is presented. It requires only 245 GE on ASIC, lowest hardware requirement till date. Proposed methodology has also been tested for EPC test of randomness. The authors found the proposed algorithm secure and energy-efficient to be used in any lightweight cryptographic algorithm
