180 research outputs found
On the relation between globalisation and welfare states
No full textThis article deals with globalisation and europeanisation impact on Welfare States. The author does not put the sign of equality between globalisation and europeanisation, and also talking about their impact on social security. It is important to define the relation of globalisation towards social policy and to give an answer to the question about globalisation‘s limits to possibilities of social policy, or, contrary, about globalisation‘s maintenance of social security. The conclusions of analysis, given by the author, confirm about the multiple and manifold influences of globalisation.Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas globalizacijos ir europeizacijos poveikis gerovės valstybėms. Tarp globalizacijos ir europeizacijos procesų autorius nededa lygybės ženklo, netgi kalbėdamas apie jų įtaką socialinei apsaugai. Straipsnyje bandoma apibrėžti globalizacijos santykį su socialine politika ir atsakyti į klausimą, ar globalizacija riboja ir mažina socialinės politikos galimybes, ar, atvirkščiai, joms padeda ir netrukdo. Autoriaus pateikiamos šios analizės išvados byloja apie nevienareikšmes ir daugiakryptes globalizacijos įtakas
Search for a progressive welfare normative model in the context of the European and Lithuanian situation
No full textStraipsnyje pateikiamos Gerovės valstybių modelių tipologizacijos problemos Europos ir Lietuvos kontekste. Autoriaus nuomone, apie bendrą Europos socialinį modelį galima kalbėti tik ideologiniu-vertybiniu pagrindu, nes Europoje realiai egzistuoja keli ganėtinai skirtingi Gerovės modeliai. Vieninteliu Europą realiai vienijančiu instrumentu autorius laiko socialiniame administravime naudojamą „atviro koordinavimo“ metodą, kuriuo remiantis galima mokytis iš toliau pažengusių šalių. Pažangiausias socialinis modelis, autoriaus manymu, Šiaurės šalių institucinis perskirstomasis modelis. Kaip ir ankstesniuose savo darbuose, autorius tebesilaiko nuomonės, kad Lietuvos socialinės politikos modelis iš lėto „dreifuoja“ liberalaus ir marginalinio modelio kryptimi, tačiau pastarųjų metų Sodros reforma, dosnios išmokos motinystei (tėvystei) ir padidėjęs stacionarių paslaugų poreikis (sumažėjus nestacionarioms paslaugoms) liudija, kad judėjimas liberalaus modelio kryptimi vyks ne taip greitai. Sistema išlaikys mišrius bruožus, kai kuriose jos vietose šie bruožai „persidengs“ Reikšminiai žodžiai: Europa; Gerovės modelis; Gerovės valstybė; Socialinė apsauga; Socialinė politika; Europe; Europe, Lithuania; Lithuania; Social policy; Social security; Welfare model; Welfare stateIn the article, problems of the typology of the Welfare States are presented in the context of the European and Lithuanian situation. The more uniform European social model is questionable as, in the opinion of the author, it is possible to talk about a more unified European social model only on the basis of ideological values, because in the European reality there exist several, rather different, welfare models. The open coordination method in social administration is regarded by the author as the only one really unifying instrument in Europe, according to which it is possible to study the best practice of the leading countries. However, it is easier to study narrow-profile spheres, for instance, social work techniques or social services organization in municipalities, but not the structural adjustments. The institutional-redistributive model of the Nordic countries is considered by the author as the most progressive social model, although its critics maintain that the Nordic countries sacrifice economic efficiency for social efficiency. Much attention has been recently drawn by the problems of South-European countries, as some of them experience tremendous solvency and even bankruptcy threats. The author refers to his earlier works where he argues that the Lithuanian social policy model is slowly drifting to the liberal-marginal direction, but the latest State Social Insurance reform, generous maternity benefits and the increased demand for stationary social services (on the background of reduced non-stationary services) indicate that the movement towards a liberal model will occur not so rapidly as predicted earlier by the author. The system will maintain mixed features, and in some places they will be overleaping. The absence of a clear European social model makes the situation of the Eastern European and Lithuanian social system architects and reformers rather complicated. It is necessary to be guided by at least the most general normative model according to which it is possible to distinguish progressive and non-progressive social policies. The author suggests a normative model consisting of ten parts: a) community welfare, b) social inclusion, c) social solidarity, d) anomie prevention, e) social equality and diminishing poverty, f) decommodification, g) progressive taxation, h) "active", but not "passive", social policy, i) social empowerment, k) the democratic state as an institution. Such are the author’s conclusions concerning the search for a more unified progressive European Welfare mode
New public management methodology and measures in improving of social administration and social security research in Lithuania
No full textThis article deals with the necessity to supplement the decisions in public administration under the influence of globalisation with new theoretical and practical decisions, mainly from the area of New Public Management. The author also suggests to improve social security research methodology by applying new research methods and parameters which are directed towards overcoming social exclusion. They are: „social quality“, degree of decommodification, „developmental welfare“, „participatory research“.Straipsnyje teigiama, kad dėl globalizacijos sąlygų šiuolaikinius viešojo administravimo sprendimus būtina papildyti naujais teoriniais ir praktiniais sprendimais remiantis Naująja viešąja vadyba. Autorius taip pat siūlo tobulinti socialinės apsaugos tyrimų metodologiją taikant naujus konkrečius socialinės atskirties įveikimo metodus
The problem of social exclusion diminishing in the context of European parliament recommendations
No full textEuropean Parliament is one of the most significant EU institutions which are responsible for the tasks of social dimension‘s aims declaration and implementation. One of the most actual tasks, solved by European Parliament, is social security measures fitness to real minimal subsistence level and social inequality and exclusion diminishing in the member states. Strengthening of social dimension and lessening of social exclusion can also suffer from economic difficulties, which appeared in the member states after 2008–2009 economic crisis – when there is still no breaking with the crisis past and the new downfall is still possible. In the article the impact of crisis for social exclusion diminishing is analyzed in the context of European Parliament recommendations. Social security measures had only limited impact for stabilization in the member states, however, the author argues and the European Parliament documents prove, that social security measures are not the burden, but the reserve for development in the member states. In this case, European Parliament together with International Labour Organization, according the author, are the most socially exposed organizations in the world. In the end of the article there is suggested the significant social reintegration indicator for the measurement of social security‘s efficiency and effectiveness
On social inequality formation conditions in the Baltic States
No full textStraipsnyje nagrinėjamos socialinės nelygybės ir socialinės atskirties formavimosi sąlygos Baltijos valstybėse ir teigiama, kad tam didelės reikšmės turi globalizacija. Autorius lygina svarbesnius Baltijos šalių ir Rytų Europos valstybių socialinės apsaugos rodiklius, pateikia atskiras būdingesnes Baltijos valstybių vertybines nuostatas, kurios turi lemiamos reikšmės formuojant atitinkamą šių valstybių socialinę politiką. Baltijos valstybėse amžių sandūroje socialinė apsauga buvo nepakankama. Socialinės apsaugos institucinių priemonių Baltijos šalyse yra užtektinai, ir jos institucinė pažanga akivaizdi, tačiau labai trūksta turinio. Daugiausia vietos straipsnyje skiriama Lietuvos socialinei padėčiai amžių sandūroje apžvelgti. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Globalizacija; Socialinė nelygybė; Socialinė atskirtis; Socialinė sauga; Globalization; Social inequality; Social exclusion; Social securityThe conditions of formation of social inequality and social exclusion are reviewed. Strong globalisation is maintained to induce the above-mentioned problems. Author compares the indicators of social security in the Baltic States and Eastern Europe. He presents certain characteristic attitudes prevailing in the Baltic States, which play the decisive role in the formation of the respective social policy. Author affirms that globalisation in the Baltic States has strengthened mainly the position of the "winners". While entering into the 21st century, social security measures in the Baltic States were still insufficient and inadequate. Talking more precisely, the social security frame in the Baltic States was sufficient and the institutional progress was obvious, but one can notice the lack of substance in it. Mostly the social situation in Lithuania is analysed in the article
Social security and the alternative of new public management
No full textThe article deals with global social security situation in general and situation in Lithuania in particular. It also analyses the implementation of New Public management in Western and Lithuanian social administration. There are compared social security paradigms and in relation to that a brief comparison of social policy models is made. Economical, political and social change conditions in the end of last century form theoretical background for new – “active social policy“ and New Public Management paradigms. The significance of New Public Management in social administration is stressed. Final social reintegration, not only the benefits are the aim of this new policy. The author reveals some elements of New Public Management in the West and Lithuania and poses a question about further opportunities of New Public Management implementation. Besides many quantitative surveys and research conducted by various authors, mainly qualitative analysis is used in the article by the author.Straipsnyje apžvelgiami naujosios viešosios vadybos taikymo elementai Vakarų ir Lietuvos socialinio administravimo srityje. Teorinį pagrindą sudaro ekonominės, politinės ir socialinės kaitos sąlygos praėjusio amžiaus pabaigoje, kurios suponavo naujas – „aktyvios socialinės politikos“ ir naujosios viešosios vadybos paradigmas. Straipsnyje „atrandami“ atskiri naujosios viešosios vadybos pasireiškimo elementai Vakaruose ir Lietuvoje, keliamas tolesnių naujosios viešosios vadybos įgyvendinimo galimybių klausimas. Autorius remiasi ir savo, ir kitų tyrėjų amžių sandūroje atliktais socialiniais tyrimais
Pietų Europos gerovės modelis: Ispanijos atvejo problemos.
Full text linkThe article deals with the South European welfare state model in general and the Spanish welfare type in particular and is addressed mainly to the Lithuanian reader. The author argues clearly about the distinct specific model of the South European states – not as the subcategory of continental-european corporatist-bismarckian model. He defines this model as corporatist-clientelistic type model with strong features of clientelism, patronage and large system fragmentation. The economic crisis of 2008-2010 raised an essential question about the validity and future of the Spanish model, as the social indicators deteriorated greatly during the last years. The Spanish welfare type is analysed in the article on the historical-structural basis, but the author does not make far-reaching prognosis on further welfare developments in Spain and the perspectives of this model.Straipsnyje apžvelgiama Pietų Europos gerovės valstybių ir Ispanijos gerovės tipo problematika. Jame laikomasi požiūrio, kad Pietų Europoje susiformavo atskiras, specifiškas gerovės modelis, kurį blogiausiu atveju galima laikyti korporatyvinio-bismarkinio modelio posisteme, o geriausiu atveju – visai savarankišku modeliu. Autorius pateikia argumentus „už“ ir „prieš“ atskiro Pietų Europos socialinio modelio išskyrimą, tačiau jo pozicija dėl atskiro modelio egzistavimo Graikijoje, Italijoje, Portugalijoje ir Ispanijoje yra pakankamai aiški. Atskiru atveju, remiantis istorine-struktūrine analize, straipsnyje analizuojamas Ispanijos gerovės valstybės tipas. 2008–2012 metų ekonominės krizės pasėkoje Ispanijoje suprastėjus ekonominiams- socialiniams rodikliams, kyla natūralus klausimas dėl Ispanijos gerovės modelio patikimumo ir gyvybingumo. Straipsnyje atlikus teorinę-empirinę Ispanijos atvejo analizę ir atskleidus Ispanijos sistemos stipriąsias ir silpnąsias puses, nėra prognozuojami jos vykdomų socialinių reformų rezultatai, nėra aiškios ir tolesnio vystymosi perspektyvos
On Lithuanian social security concept
No full textThe article deals with the concepts of social policy, social security, social insurance, social assistance and social services. It presents the main social security facts on Lithuania. The novelty of the article is its attempt present systematically the main concepts as well as their definitions, for example, the definition of social security as a mixture of both state and private contribution. Also, the author refers to public accummulative pension funds, a theoretical and practical concept of alternative social security in Lithuania which has not been used yet. The article is useful not only for education purposes, but could stimulate discussions of social security academics and practitioners.Straipsnyje apibrėžiamos socialinės politikos, socialinės apsaugos, socialinio draudimo ir socialinės paramos sąvokos, novatoriškas yra autoriaus dar 2000 m. pasiūlytas socialinės apsaugos apibrėžimas, apimant kartu ir valstybinę, Ir privačią socialinę apsaugą. Jo vertinimo arba kritikos iki šiolei neteko Išgirsti, Nors straipsnis pasižymi informatyvumu ir yra labiau švietėjiško pobūdžio, jis gali išprovokuoti mokslininkų bei praktikų diskusiją dėl siūlomų socialinės sferos apibrėžimų, dėl valstybinių kaupiamųjų fondų būtinybės ir kitais klausimais
The development of Greek social policy
No full textThe article deals with the development of Greek social model during the past 25 years. The facts in the article are extracted from the works of Greek and foreign authors and are explained in a chronological manner. The author poses a question and answers to it positively: can social security develop successfully in an economically lagging behind country? The achievements of Greek social security may present a solid basis for the critics of free market apologists in showing the significance of strong social security. Besides the numerous, mainly extensive, results of the Greek social model, it has some negative features as clienteleism, corruption and „amoral familialism“ which, of course, can not be positive examples for the followers. Not only positive sides are worth to study for Lithuanian scholars and students. The negative sides of Greek social model are worth to study too, as they have some comparative resemblance with Eastern European model in general and Lithuanian model in particular.Straipsnyje pateikiamas Graikijos socialinio modelio plėtros aiškinimas remiantis gausiais faktiniais graikų ir užsienio mokslininkų surinktais duomenimis. Duomenys išdėstyti chronologine seka. Autorius bando atsakyti į klausimą, ar globalizacijos eroje, esant dideliam ekonominiam spaudimui, įmanoma sparti ir sėkminga socialinės apsaugos plėtra mažesnio ekonominio išsivystymo šalyje. Graikijos rezultatai plėtojant socialinę apsaugą suteikia įtikinamų argumentų kritikuojant laisvosios rinkos apologetus dėl per didelės socialinės apsaugos naštos ir įrodo stiprios socialinės apsaugos reikšmę
Social services economic levers in Lithuanian municipalities
No full textThe article deals with efficiency and costs diminishing problems of social services organisation and
provision in Lithuanian municipalities. The author‘s analysis of social services economic levers is based on
many authors research, surveys and social reports. Mainly the author is relying on research and surveys
conducted in 2002-2004 by researchers from Mykolas Romeris university, Labour and social research institute
and New economics institute in Vilnius. Among the most important is research conducted by Mykolas Romeris
university and Association of Local Authorities in Lithuania which was devoted to improvement of social
services in Lithuanian municipalities. Drawing the benchmarking among municipalities by counting and
evaluating dependency on several efficiency and effectiveness variables in 2002-2003 made it possible to
define the best, good and worst working social support centres among Lithuanian municipalities. Among the
best were social services centres in Panevėžys and Vilnius cities and provincial Varėna, Akmenė, Molėtai,
Radviliškis districts. The article contains some important methodological definitions and conclusions. Among them there
are definitions of economic levers in providing social services and the methodological conclusion considering
social support for the marginal groups. It is not yet fully assumed in Lithuania that very different approaches
and economic levers have to be devoted to certain marginal groups and mainly active, not passive social
policy measures are necessary for the improvement of marginal groups situation in Lithuania. It is necessary
to stress that marginal groups require more social support than other societal groups in order to reach certain
positive results. In the end of the article the proposals on improving efficiency and costs reduction of social
services are recommended to the reader.Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjamos efektyvumo ir paslaugų sąnaudų mažinimo problemos organizuojant
ir teikiant socialines paslaugas Lietuvos savivaldybėse. Autorius daugiausia dėmesio kreipia į socialinių
paslaugų ekonominius svertus, kurie nagrinėjami pasitelkiant įvairių autorių atliktus tyrimus ir remiantis
socialiniais pranešimais. Straipsnyje pateikiama pasiūlymų, kaip siekti efektyvumo ir mažesnių sąnaudų
socialinių paslaugų sektoriuje
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