5,807 research outputs found
Effects of Bogies on the Wake Flow of a High-Speed Train
No full textThe wake region of high-speed trains is an area of complex turbulent flow characterized by the periodic generation and shedding of vortices, which causes discomfort to passengers and affects the stability and safety of the train. In this study, the unsteady characteristics of the wake flows of three 1:1 scale China Railway High-Speed 380A (CRH380A) high-speed train models with different degrees of simplification were numerically investigated using the improved delayed detached eddy simulation (IDDES) method. Analyses of the aerodynamic forces, train-induced slipstream, and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) were conducted to determine the effects of the bogies on the wake flow of the high-speed train. It was found that the existence of bogies on the bottom of the train, especially the last bogie, not only enhanced the wake flow but also introduced large perturbances into the wake flow. Moreover, the generation and evolution of the vortices in the wake flows were determined by analyzing the instantaneous flow fields and coherent flow structures that were obtained by the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) method. The results showed that a pair of large, counter-rotating streamwise vortices in the real model of the high-speed train was generated by the cowcatcher and their intensity was significantly enhanced by perturbances that were introduced by the bogies on the bottom of the train.</p
Stygothrombium garzensis Li & Guo 2021, sp. nov.
No full textStygothrombium garzensis Li & Guo, sp. nov. (Figs 1–5) Habitat. Interstitial waters. Material examined. Holotype female, Chaqingsongduo National Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China (31°00′88′′N, 99°24′71′′E, elev. 3523 m), water depth 30–40 cm, located at the hillside, running water with organic detritus, dead wood and leaves on the bottom, collected by Boyan Li, 30.VIII.2020, Slides No. SC-ST-2020080101. Etymology. “ garze -” is derived from the name of the Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China, where the specimen was collected. Diagnosis. Soft and papillate idiosoma vermiform; eyes completely absent; infracapitulum base approximately 3.5 times as long as rostrum; P-A with two stout subventrodistal harpagones, above harpago seta thicker than other one; on one side of P-B, tibia with one four-pronged odontus claws bulging above tarsus; se about half length of posterior portion of prodorsal plate; one seta and two rather long setae at lateral margin of Cx-I; stalked Ac-1–3 arranging in an almost straight line, glv- 2 between Ac-3 and inner posterior angle of Cx-IV, located at one-third of interval near Ac-3 approximately; empodium considerably smaller than lateral claws. Description. Female (SC-ST-2020080101). Soft and papillate idiosoma vermiform (Fig. 1A); eyes completely absent (Fig. 2A); with eight pairs of gld and seven pairs of gll (gld- 1–8, gll- 1–7 in Fig. 2A), six pairs of glv (glv- 1–6 in Fig. 2B); idiosomal glandularia (or modified stomatoid lyrifissures) without sclerite platelets but surrounded by unpapillate cuticle, a long seta and short seta associated with glandularia except gll -1 with only a short seta (Figs 1B–C); excretory pore placed near posterior end of ventral surface and between glv -5 (Fig. 2B). Gnathosoma retractable into idiosoma; infracapitulum base approximately 3.5 times as long as rostrum; two pairs of setae on rostrum, posterior one longer than anterior one (Fig. 3A); chelicera two-segmented, basal segment expanded and long (Fig. 3B); fused pedipalp two-segmented: first segment including trochanter + femur + genu (P-A); P-A with numerous dorsal setae, a thin ventrodistal seta, two stout subventrodistal harpagones (above harpago seta thicker than other one) and two ventroproximal setae (one normal seta and one long curved seta); tibia + tarsus fused into short second segment (P-B); on one side of P-B, tibia with one four-pronged odontus claws bulging above tarsus, one stout gladius seta, one thick and short lancea seta, one parodontus, and two normal setae on tarsus; P-B with six normal setae on another side, single solenidion on dorsum and alantoid seta with rounded tip at terminus (Figs 3C–D). Prodorsal plate bearing vi, si, ve and se; long and narrow posterior portion of prodorsal plate approximately six times as long as short and wide anterior portion; se about half length of posterior portion, longer than vi, si and ve (Fig. 3E). Coxal plates in four groups; two ACG not fused but close, two PCG widely separated; Cx-I trapezoidal, with numerous setae near inner apical angles and three setae (one seta and two rather long setae) at lateral margin; Cx-II trapezoidal, with one seta near outer posterior angles (Fig. 4A); Cx-III and Cx-IV nearly triangular, with some setae respectively (Fig. 4B). Genital field with about twenty tiny setae; stalked Ac-1–3 arranging in an almost straight line, interval from Ac-1 to Ac-2 and Ac-2 to Ac-3 almost equal; gonopore surrounded by three or four setae on each side; glv- 2 between Ac-3 and inner posterior angle of Cx-IV, located at one-third of interval near Ac-3 approximately (Fig. 4B). Legs without swimming setae but numerous setae present; I-L thicker than other pairs of legs, I-L-3–5 with stomatoid lyrifissures on one side (Figs 5A–D); tarsus of I–IV-L with two pectinate lateral claws and one smooth middle empodium, empodium considerably smaller than lateral claws (Fig. 1D). Male. Unknown. Measurements (holotype). Idiosoma L 3857 (from peak of protrusible integument to bottom), W 1114; excretory pore L 108; Infracapitulum L 783, base L 607, rostrum 176; Chelicera base segment L 477, claw L 102; P-A dL 253, P-B dL 97, alantoid seta L 60, above harpago seta L 64, nether harpago seta L 66; prodorsal plate L 478, anterior portion L 73, posterior portion L 405; ACG L 274; PCG L 346; gonopore L 119, Ac-1 L 76, Ac-2 L 66, Ac-3 L 80; Legs segments dL: Ⅰ-L-1 100, Ⅰ- L-2 164, Ⅰ-L-3 173, Ⅰ-L-4 182, Ⅰ-L-5 189, Ⅰ-L-6 159, claw dL 88; II-L-1 88, II-L-2 134, II-L-3 136, II-L-4 166, II-L-5 190, II-L-6 140, claw dL 84; III-L-1 123, III-L-2 134, III-L-3 139, III-L-4 186, III-L-5 205, III-L-6 153, claw dL 78; IV-L-1 101, IV-L-2 173, IV-L-3 213, IV-L-4 259, IV-L-5 280, IV-L-6 191, claw dL 81. Remarks. The present new species is similar to S. monotrichum Nagasawa & Abé, 2014 from Japan in quantity and location of idiosomal glandularia and pedipalp structures. The new species differs from the latter in the following aspects: (1) idiosoma L 3857 in S. garzensis Li & Guo, sp. nov., but 1560–1830 in S. monotrichum; (2) glv -1 between ACG and PCG in S. garzensis Li & Guo, sp. nov., while absent in S. monotrichum; (3) glv- 2 between Ac-3 and inner posterior angle of CxIV in S. garzensis Li & Guo, sp. nov., but located posteromedially to the posterior acetabula in S. monotrichum; (4) setae on ACG and pedipalp much more multiple than S. monotrichum; (5) P-A dL 253 in S. garzensis Li & Guo, sp. nov., while P-A dL 88 in S. monotrichum. (Nagasawa & Abé 2014) Funding This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31772421, 31750002), Guizhou Science and Technology Project (Qiankehe Pingtai Rencai [2017] 5788) and National Key R & D Program of China (2017YFD0201000). Acknowledgements We are grateful to Boyan Li (Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, P. R. China) for collecting the specimen and processing the photos. Furthermore, we are thankful to Zhuhui Ding (Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, P. R. China) for helping to take photos of specimen.Published as part of Li, Haitao, Jin, Daochao & Guo, Jianjun, 2021, A new species of the genus Stygothrombium, representing a newly recorded superfamily Stygothrombioidea Mullen & Vercammen-Grandjean, 1980 (Acari: Stygothrombiae) from China, pp. 281-288 in Zoological Systematics 46 (4) on pages 283-287, DOI: 10.11865/zs.2021402, http://zenodo.org/record/717578
Study on mathematical model construction of typical gorge wind field
No full textWind conditions in gorges have a significant impact on the safe operation of high-speed trains, due to the lack of a unified gorge wind model and the limitations of traditional simulations that use oversimplified wind models, the complex wind speed distribution arising from the mountain surface boundary layer cannot be accurately captured. To address this, a three-dimensional, incompressible, steady calculation method is used to study wind field characteristics in a typical gorge. We propose a two-dimensional mathematical model to study the effects of gorge width on model parameters, including wind speed growth indices a(1) and a(2) in the height and horizontal directions, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the thickness of the mountain boundary layer can reach a maximum of approximately 30 metres, and the values of a(1) and a(2) range from 0.11 to 0.19 and 0.21 to 0.5, respectively. As gorge width increases, boundary layer thickness remains constant, a(1) gradually decreases, a(2 )remains unchanged above 250 m height. Our findings provide more accurate boundary conditions for numerical simulations of high-speed train operation in gorge wind conditions and offer theoretical recommendations for safe high-speed train operation through bridges, tunnels, and railways in mountainous regions.</p
Atractides (Atractides) menyuanensis Zhang, Li & Guo 2022, sp. nov.
No full textAtractides (Atractides) menyuanensis Zhang, Li & Guo sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C836E7CF-0A50-4334-AA1D-DDE500DDBCF8 Figs 6–8 Diagnosis Dorsal muscle attachment unsclerotized. I-L-5 longish, S-1 close to S-2. I-L-6 curved. Ac in an obtuse triangle; V 1 separated from V 2 . P-2 ventral margin slightly convex; P-3 ventral margin nearly straight; two long hairs on the ventral surface of P-4 near the base, sword seta near the base. Ac in a weakly curved line in female. Etymology The new species is named after the name of Menyuan Hui Autonomous County where the specimens were collected. Type material Holotype CHINA • ♂; Qinghai Province, Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Menyuan Hui Autonomous County; 37°31′31′′ N, 101°21′09′′ E; 2427 m a.s.l.; 29 Jul. 2020; Hai-Tao Li leg.; running water; GUGC, Slide No. QH-HY-2020072901. Paratypes CHINA • 5 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; GUGC, Slides No. QH-HY-2020072902 to 2020072906. Description Male (n = 1) Idiosoma oval, dorsal muscle attachment unsclerotized; all slit organs visible, So 1 near the eye capsule, So 2 near L 2 , So 3 at the level of D 2 , So 4 at the level of D 3 , So 5 on the outside of D 4 (Fig. 6A). ACG fused together and with a suture, PCG separated; apodemes from ACG not reaching to PCG; Ac in an obtuse triangle; V 1 separated from V 2 ; V 3 and V 4 forming a trapezoid, V 4 at the same level as the anterior of acetabular plate (Fig. 6B). Palp five-segmented; P-2 ventral margin slightly convex; P-3 ventral margin nearly straight; P-4 with numerous dorsal hairs, two long hairs on the ventral surface of P-4 near the base, sword seta near the base (Fig. 6E). I-L-5 longish, S-1 close to S-2; I-L-6 curved (Fig. 8A). Female (n = 5) Similar to male (Figs 6F, 7). Idiosoma oval; ACG and PCG significantly smaller than the male; Ac in a weakly curved line (Fig. 7B). Measurements Male (n = 1) Idiosoma L 708, W 582; coxal field L 352, Cx-III W 415, ACG IL 232, mL 92, W 323; infracapitular bay L 146; genital field L 141, Ac1–3 L 35, 35, 38; chelicera L 223; infracapitulum L 210; palp dL: P-1 37, P-2 70, P-3 63, P-4 122, P-5 31; legs segments: I-L-1 dL 57, I-L-2 dL 106, I-L-3 dL 101, I-L-4 dL 139, I-L-5 dL 182, HB 50, I-L-6 dL 102, HB 32, S-1 L 58, S-2 L 58; dL: II-L-1 57, II-L-2 95, II-L-3 93, II-L-4 135, II-L-5 158, II-L-6 157; dL: III-L-1 55, III-L-2 102, III-L-3 114, III-L-4 165, III-L-5 191, III-L-6 180; dL: IV-L-1 118, IV-L-2 138, IV-L-3 181, IV-L-4 240, IV-L-5 272, IV-L-6 217. Female (n = 5) Idiosoma L 1074 (1050–1113), W 935 (868–935); coxal field L 385 (385–432), Cx-III W 575 (550– 585), ACG IL 248 (248–299), mL 111 (111–130), W 373 (373–417); infracapitular bay L 130 (105– 163); gonopore L 168 (161–190), Ap L 157 (145–171), Ac1–3 L 38 (34–48), 39 (39–49), 37 (32–48); chelicera L 264 (253–283); infracapitulum L 215 (214–244); palp dL: P-1 46 (40–46), P-2 75 (75–86), P-3 66 (66–80), P-4 126 (121–145), P-5 37 (36–37); legs segments: I-L-1 dL 62 (62–77), I-L-2 dL 106 (106–136), I-L-3 dL 107 (107–126), I-L-4 dL 153 (151–176), I-L-5 dL 200 (200–233), HB 53 (53–59), I-L-6 dL 120 (120–132), HB 31 (31–36), S-1 L 63 (62–68), S-2 L 63 (62–69); dL: II-L-1 61 (61–72), II-L-2 93 (93–109), II-L-3 109 (98–124), II-L-4 144 (142–163), II-L-5 168 (168–204), II-L-6 170 (170– 191); dL: III-L-1 67 (65–84), III-L-2 102 (102–116), III-L-3 119 (115–137), III-L-4 178 (178–203), III-L-5 208 (206–233), III-L-6 200 (190–212); dL: IV-L-1 149 (129–149), IV-L-2 159 (156–179), IV-L-3 202 (191–234), IV-L-4 261 (252–294), IV-L-5 286 (276–321), IV-L-6 232 (223–255). Remarks The new species Atractides (Atractides) menyuanensis sp. nov. is similar to Atractides algeriensis Lundblad, 1942 in the following points: (1) apodemes from ACG not reaching to Cx-IV; (2) P-2 ventral margin slightly convex, P-3 ventral margin nearly straight; (3) Ac in a weakly curved line in female. However, A. (A.) menyuanensis differs from A. algeriensis in following aspects: (1) two long hairs on the ventral surface of P-4 near the base, sword seta near the base in A. (A.) menyuanensis, but the ventral surface of P-4 divided by two long ventral hairs in 1:1:1, sword seta at the middle of P- 4 in A. algeriensis; (2) S-1 much more close to S- 2 in A. (A.) menyuanensis than in A. algeriensis; (3) I-L-6 of A. algeriensis much longer and more slender than that of A. (A.) menyuanensis (Gerecke 2003).Published as part of Zhang, Yu-Hao, Li, Hai-Tao, Li, Cai-Yun & Guo, Jian-Jun, 2022, New species of genus Atractides Koch, 1837 (Acari: Hydrachnidiae, Hygrobatidae) from Qinghai, China, pp. 121-142 in European Journal of Taxonomy 833 (1) on pages 131-133, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.833.1889, http://zenodo.org/record/695817
Utilising Deep Learning Models for the Surface Registration Problem in HoloNav
No full textSurface Registration is a registration problem that handles the registration of two similar surfaces. In most research that utilises Deep Learning (DL) models to handle surface registration two theories are investigated; the first being whether surfaces sampled from the same origin can be registered together, and the second theory being whether the models can register Point Clouds with low overlapping data for utilisation in Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping (SLAM) applications. However, the surface registration to be utilised in the HoloNav Augmented Reality (AR) navigation system will utilise Point Clouds sampled from different origins with a high overlap ratio. This research, therefore, aims to determine the viability of DL methods for surface registration in HoloNav data. To determine the viability, rotation and translation errors in the match were used, with the aforementioned metrics later being evaluated manually with the utilisation of a visualiser. The results indicate that the models can generalise on the navigator data for an initial Euler angle difference of 45 degrees, but due to the difference in sampling density on the utilised point clouds can not provide accurate matches. Therefore, the utilisation of DL models can be considered to be viable if the navigator data has a sampling density similar to the pre-operative model.https://github.com/alpcicimen/holonav-dl-registration The link to the github repository containing the utilised dataset, scripts, as well as the modified DL models RPMNet and PREDATOR.CSE3000 Research ProjectComputer Science and Engineerin
Atractides (Atractides) xianmiensis Zhang, Li & Guo 2022, sp. nov.
No full textAtractides (Atractides) xianmiensis Zhang, Li & Guo sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FB29B7EB-1A14-450E-80E2-4795C3B299EA Figs 11–13 Diagnosis Male Dorsal muscle attachment unsclerotized. I-L-5 longish, S-1 and S-2 both with blunt tips and with a setal interspace between them; I-L-6 straight. Ac in an obtuse triangle; V 1 separated from V 2 . P-2 and P-3 with a ventral projection respectively, P-4 with numerous dorsal hairs, ventral hairs long, one at the middle of the surface, and the other one at the terminal of lateral edge, sword seta at the middle of P-4. Female Ac in a weakly curved line. P-2 with a ventral projection, P-3 ventral margin slightly convex, P-4 divided by two ventral hairs in sectors 1:1:1. Etymology The new species is named after the name of the Xianmi National Nature Reserve where the specimens were collected. Type material Holotype CHINA • ♂; Qinghai Province, Xianmi National Nature Reserve; 37°10′56′′ N, 102°20′03′′ E; 2949 m a.s.l.; 29 Jul. 2020; Hai-Tao Li leg.; running water; GUGC, Slide No. QH-HY-2020072910. Paratypes CHINA • 3 ♂♂; same collection data as for holotype; GUGC, Slides No. QH-HY-2020072911 to 2020072913 • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; GUGC, Slides No. QH-HY-2020072914, 2020072915. Description Male (n = 4) Idiosoma oval, dorsal muscle attachment unsclerotized; So 1 near eye capsule; So 2 at the same level as D 1 ; So 3 at the same level as D 2 ; So 4 in front of L 4 ; So 5 behind D 4 (Fig. 11A). ACG fused together and with a suture, apodemes of ACG well developed, and reaching to Cx-III; Ac in an obtuse triangle, Ac3 biggest; V 1 separated far from V 2 , V 3 and V 4 forming a rectangle, V 4 at the same level as the anterior part of acetabular plate (Fig. 11B). Palp five-segmented; P-2 and P-3 with a ventral projection respectively, P-4 with numerous dorsal hairs, ventral hairs long, one at the middle of the surface, and the other one at the terminal of lateral edge, sword seta at the middle of P-4 (Fig. 11E). I-L-5 longish, S-1 and S-2 with blunt tips and with a setal interspace between them; I-L-6 straight (Fig. 13A). Female (n = 2) Similar to male (Fig. 12). Ac in a weakly curved line (Fig. 12B). P-2 with a ventral projection, P-3 ventral margin slightly convex, P-4 divided by two ventral hairs in sectors 1:1:1 (Fig. 11F). Measurements Male (n = 4) Idiosoma L 724 (724–896), W 605 (605–734); coxal field L 351 (351–395), Cx-III W 426 (426–483), ACG IL 251 (251–287), mL 131 (131–159), W 329 (329–372); infracapitular bay L 132 (132–160); genital field L 131 (131–144), Ac1–3 L 39 (36–41), 32 (32–43), 36 (36–46); chelicera L 227 (227–267); infracapitulum L 207 (207–239); palp dL: P-1 30 (30–37), P-2 69 (69–80), P-3 76 (76–89), P-4 107 (107–121), P-5 34 (33–34); Legs segments: I-L-1 dL 47 (47–56), I-L-2 dL 107 (107–126), I-L-3 dL 110 (110–125), I-L-4 dL 165 (165–191), I-L-5 dL 188 (188–214), HB 42 (42–46), I-L-6 dL 145 (145–160), HB 34 (32–34), S-1 L 67 (67–73), S-2 L 58 (58–65); dL: II-L-1 55 (47–59), II-L-2 94 (94–108), II-L-3 100 (100–113), II-L-4 141 (141–162), II-L-5 161 (161–184), II-L-6 154 (154–174); dL: III-L-1 54 (51– 63), III-L-2 93 (93–112), III-L-3 109 (109–124), III-L-4 166 (166–191), III-L-5 194 (194–226), III-L-6 178 (178–200); dL: IV-L-1 131 (129–137), IV-L-2 154 (154–161), IV-L-3 187 (187–211), IV-L-4 240 (240–274), IV-L-5 260 (260–303), IV-L-6 224 (224–246). Female (n = 2) Idiosoma L 925 (1215), W 754 (1042); coxal field L 403 (422), Cx-III W 515 (576), ACG IL 303 (323), mL 133 (131), W 405 (403); infracapitular bay L 180 (179); gonopore L 145 (190), Ap L 156 (156), Ac1–3 L 49 (48), 43 (45), 43 (46); chelicera L 291 (297); infracapitulum L 269 (268); palp dL: P-1 36 (46), P-2 84 (88), P-3 97 (103), P-4 124 (123), P-5 36 (39); legs segments: I-L-1 dL 59 (64), I-L-2 dL 122 (136), I-L-3 dL 131 (141), I-L-4 dL 193 (205), I-L-5 dL 220 (227), HB 47 (47), I-L-6 dL 165 (173), HB 39 (35), S-1 L 87 (78), S-2 L 74 (72); dL: II-L-1 64 (50), II-L-2 108 (106), II-L-3 121 (133), II-L-4 166 (180), II-L-5 188 (200), II-L-6 175 (186); dL: III-L-1 54 (68), III-L-2 114 (112), III-L-3 131 (142), III-L-4 198 (212), III-L-5 233 (241), III-L-6 208 (215); dL: IV-L-1 150 (160), IV-L-2 162 (174), IV-L-3 211 (228), IV-L-4 270 (293), IV-L-5 246 (314), IV-L-6 211 (265). Remarks The new species Atractides (Atractides) xianmiensis sp. nov. is similar to Atractides inflatus Walter, 1925 in the following points: (1) P-2 and P-3 of the male both with a ventral projection respectively; (2) V 1 not fused to V 2 ; (3) S-1 and S-2 both with blunt tips and with a setal interspace between them; (4) Ac in an obtuse triangle in the male and in a weakly curved line in the female. However, A. (A.) xianmiensis differs from A. inflatus in the following aspects: (1) apodemes of ACG in female well developed and reaching to Cx-III in A. (A.) xianmiensis, but not reaching to Cx-III in A. inflatus; (2) I-L-6 straight in A. (A.) xianmiensis, but curved in A. inflatus (Gerecke 2003).Published as part of Zhang, Yu-Hao, Li, Hai-Tao, Li, Cai-Yun & Guo, Jian-Jun, 2022, New species of genus Atractides Koch, 1837 (Acari: Hydrachnidiae, Hygrobatidae) from Qinghai, China, pp. 121-142 in European Journal of Taxonomy 833 (1) on pages 137-139, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.833.1889, http://zenodo.org/record/695817
The Scent of a Smell: An Extensive Comparison between Textual and Structural Smells
No full textCode smells are symptoms of poor design or implementation choices that have a negative effect on several aspects of software maintenance and evolution, such as program comprehension or change- and fault-proneness. This is why researchers have spent a lot of effort on devising methods that help developers to automatically detect them in source code. Almost all the techniques presented in literature are based on the analysis of structural properties extracted from source code, although alternative sources of information (e.g., textual analysis) for code smell detection have also been recently investigated. Nevertheless, some studies have indicated that code smells detected by existing tools based on the analysis of structural properties are generally ignored (and thus not refactored) by the developers. In this paper, we aim at understanding whether code smells detected using textual analysis are perceived and refactored by developers in the same or different way than code smells detected through structural analysis. To this aim, we set up two different experiments. We have first carried out a software repository mining study to analyze how developers act on textually or structurally detected code smells. Subsequently, we have conducted a user study with industrial developers and quality experts in order to qualitatively analyze how they perceive code smells identified using the two different sources of information. Results indicate that textually detected code smells are easier to identify and for this reason they are considered easier to refactor with respect to code smells detected using structural properties. On the other hand, the latter are often perceived as more severe, but more difficult to exactly identify and remove.Accepted Author ManuscriptSoftware Engineerin
Atractides (Atractides) biprojectus Zhang, Li & Guo 2022, sp. nov.
No full textAtractides (Atractides) biprojectus Zhang, Li & Guo sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 06CA408F-1FC6-4FD0-AA2A-E94B784621C0 Figs 1–3 Diagnosis Male Dorsal muscle attachment unsclerotized. I-L-5 longish, S-1 and S-2 with blunt tips and with a narrow setal interspace between them; I-L-6 curved. Ac in an obtuse triangle, V1 separated from V2. P-2 and P-3 with a ventral projection respectively; P-4 divided by two long ventral hairs in sectors 2:3:1, sword seta between two ventral hair insertions and near the terminal. Female Similar to male. Ventral projection of P-2 not obvious, and P-3 ventral margin nearly straight. Etymology The Latin prefix ‘ bi -’ means two, in the male of the new species P-2 and P-3 are with a ventral projection respectively. Type material Holotype CHINA • ♂; Qinghai Province, Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Zeku County, Maixiu Town; 35°18′64′′ N, 101°52′32′′ E; 3201 m a.s.l.; 17 Jul. 2020; Hai-Tao Li leg.; running water; GUGC, Slide No. QH-HY-2020071701. Paratypes CHINA • 3 ♂♂; same collection data as for holotype; GUGC, Slides No. QH-HY-2020071702 to 2020071704 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; GUGC, Slide No. QH-HY-2020071705. Description Male (n = 4) Idiosoma oval; dorsal muscle attachment unsclerotized, O 2 and D 1 at the same level; setae of D 1 and D 2 longer than others, setae of D 2 reaching to D 3; all slit organs visible, So 1 near the eye capsule and at the level of O 1 , So 2 in front of L 2 , So 3 near D 2 , So 4 at the middle of D 3 and L 4 ; So 5 behind D 4 (Fig. 1A). ACG fused together and with a suture, PCG separated; apodemes from ACG not reaching to Cx-IV. Acetabula three pairs and in an obtuse triangle; V 1 separated from V 2 ; V 3 and V 4 forming a trapezoid, V 4 at the same level as the middle of Ap (Fig. 1B). Palp five-segmented; P-2 and P-3 with a ventral projection respectively; P-4 with numerous dorsal hairs, and divided by two long ventral hairs in sectors 2:3:1, sword seta between two ventral hair insertions and near the terminal (Fig. 1E). I-L-5 longish, S-1 and S-2 both with blunt tips and with a narrow setal interspace between them; I-L-6 curved (Fig. 3A). Female (n = 1) Similar to male (Fig. 2). Setae of D1 and D2 shorter than that in male (Fig. 2A); ventral projection of P-2 not obvious, and P-3 ventral margin nearly straight (Fig. 1F). Measurements Male (n = 4) Idiosoma L 641 (585–645), W 546 (443–546); coxal field L 316 (314–325), Cx-III W 333 (333–347), ACG IL 237 (234–239), mL 125 (107–125), W 268 (268–284); infracapitular bay L 123 (118–127); genital field L 120 (119–120), Ac1–3 L 34 (33–38), 34 (34–42), 37(37–40); chelicera L 205 (204–207); infracapitulum L 159 (140–177); palp dL: P-1 29 (29–32), P-2 74 (68–74), P-3 62(59–66), P-4 95(95– 99), P-5 27 (27–29); legs segments: I-L-1 dL 48 (46–52), I-L-2 dL 93 (89–93), I-L-3 dL 80 (78–80), I-L-4 dL 119 (119–125), I-L-5 dL 163 (163–176), HB 53 (53–60), I-L-6 dL 119 (119–122), HB 22 (21–22), S-1 L 90 (78–90), S-2 L 74 (74–75); dL: II-L-1 47 (47–50), II-L-2 82 (74–82), II-L-3 71 (70–74), II-L-4 92 (92–102), II-L-5 116 (116–120), II-L-6 124 (124–127); dL: III-L-1 56 (53–57), III-L-2 90 (81–90), III-L-3 75 (73–77), III-L-4 124 (124–125), III-L-5 146 (146–154), III-L-6 141 (133–147); dL: IV-L-1 117 (117–120), IV-L-2 105 (102–113), IV-L-3 138 (135–138), IV-L-4 174 (174–180), IV-L-5 199 (199–208), IV-L-6 163 (162–170). Female (n = 1) Idiosoma L 902, W 721; coxal field L 390, Cx-III W 477, ACG IL 272, mL 137, W 355; infracapitular bay L 165; gonopore L 146, Ap L 140, Ac1–3 L 43, 47, 47; chelicera L 267; infracapitulum L 222; palp dL: P-1 38, P-2 84, P-3 84, P-4 123, P-5 34; legs segments: I-L-1 dL 64, I-L-2 dL 113, I-L-3 dL 114, I-L-4 dL 176, I-L-5 dL 242, HB 77, I-L-6 dL171, HB 26, S-1 L 120, S-2 L 106; dL: II-L-1 72, II-L-2 98, II-L-3 96, II-L-4 135, II-L-5 153, II-L-6 162; dL: III-L-1 69, III-L-2 100, III-L-3 107, III-L-4 168, III-L-5 193, III-L-6 181; dL: IV-L-1 153, IV-L-2 141, IV-L-3 184, IV-L-4 231, IV-L-5 267, IV-L-6 211. Remarks The new species Atractides (Atractides) biprojectus sp. nov. is similar to Atractides yazdensis Pešić, Smit & Saboori, 2021 in the following points: (1) male P-2 and P-3 with ventral projections; (2) setae S-1 and S-2 separated, with a narrow setal interspace; (3) V 1 separated from V 2 . However, A. (A.) biprojectus differs from A. yazdensis in following aspects: (1) P-4 sword seta between two ventral hair insertions in A. (A.) biprojectus, but slightly proximal to posteroventral hair in A. yazdensis; (2) apodemes from ACG not reaching to Cx-IV in A. (A.) biprojectus, but reaching to Cx-IV in A. yazdensis; (3) genital field of A. (A.) biprojectus much rounder than that of in A. yazdensis (Pešić et al. 2021).Published as part of Zhang, Yu-Hao, Li, Hai-Tao, Li, Cai-Yun & Guo, Jian-Jun, 2022, New species of genus Atractides Koch, 1837 (Acari: Hydrachnidiae, Hygrobatidae) from Qinghai, China, pp. 121-142 in European Journal of Taxonomy 833 (1) on pages 123-127, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.833.1889, http://zenodo.org/record/695817
Torrenticola tenuichelicera Gu & Guo 2018
No full textTorrenticola tenuichelicera Gu & Guo, 2018 (Figs. 1–2) Material examined. Doupengshan, Guizhou Province, China (26°22’4”N, 107°21’55”E, 1407 m a.s.l.), stream, collected by Xinyao Gu, 2. X.2016, 1/2/0, No. GZ-TO-20161006–GZ-TO-20161008. Description. Male (n = 1): Idiosoma elliptical, L/W ratio 1.4 (Fig. 1A). Dorsal plate (4+1), frontal platelets L/W ratio 2.4, shoulder platelets L/W ratio 2.6; E 4 on the same line with the 3 rd pair of acetabula; genital field L/W ratio 1.3 (Fig. 1B). P-2 long, with five dorsal setae and its ventral margin convex, with a short ventrodistal prolongation, which is blunt, slightly curved towards the distal, and with a seta at the base; P-3 with two setae on dorsum and a ventrodistal cone-shaped prolongation; P-4 with two developed ventral prolongations (Fig. 1C). Measurements. Idiosoma L 790, W 565. Dorsal shield L 630, W 513, dorsal plate L 586, frontal platelets L 162, W 68, shoulder platelets L 196, W 74. Infracapitular bay L 156; Cx-I L 298, mL 141, Cx-II +III mL 106; Gf L 187, W 140, distance between Gf and Ap 108. Gnathosoma vL 355, dL 260, chelicera bs L 340, claw L 56. Ejaculatory complex (Fig. 1D), L 229, aL 153. L of palp: P-1, 38; P-2, 102; P-3, 60; P-4, 79; P-5, 17. L of leg segments: I-L-1–6: 35, 89, 72, 92, 111, 101; II-L-1–6: 45, 88, 70, 93, 114, 110; III-L-1–6: 49, 100, 87, 109, 131, 106; IV-L-1–6: 106, 105, 122, 145, 152, 135. Female (n = 2): Idiosoma elliptical, L/W ratio 1.4 (1.3); Dorsal plate (4+1), frontal platelets trapezoid, L/W ratio 2.2 (2.3), shoulder platelets rectangular, laterally rounded, L/W ratio 2.7 (2.4) (Fig. 2B). Infracapitular bay deep and broad, V-shaped; E 4 on the same line with the 5 th pair of acetabula; genital field nearly pentagonal, L/W ratio 1.1 (1.1); Ap posterior to V 3 , anterior to V 2 , and on the same line with V 1 (Fig. 2A). P-1 with a dorsal seta; P-2 long, with six dorsal setae and one ventrodistal blunted protrusion, which slightly curved towards distally and with one seta at the base; P-3 with two dorsal setae and one ventrodistal cone-shaped protrusion; P-4 with one dorsal seta, two ventral protrusions, ending in two blunt tips separated by a concavity, and with three setae on them (Fig. 2G). Gnathosoma elongated, rostrum very long and slender, chelicera long and straight (Fig. 2H). Measurements. Idiosoma L 780 (843), W 557 (632). Dorsal shield L 603 (683), W 484 (527), dorsal plate L 553 (618), frontal platelets L 151 (170), W 68 (73), shoulder platelets L 199 (196), W 73 (83). Infracapitular bay depth 154 (177); Cx-1 L 292 (340), mL 138 (163), Cx-II +III mL 67 (80); Gf L 183 (187), W 170 (175), distance between Gf and Ap 145 (147). Gnathosoma vL 362 (386), dL 251 (288), chelicera bs L 399 (372), claw L 53 (59). L of palp segments: P-1, 40 (36); P-2, 108 (118); P-3, 61 (68); P-4, 80 (84); P-5, 15 (19). L of leg segments: I-L-1–6: - (50), 88 (87), 72 (87), 88 (97), 104 (109), 100 (93); II-L-1–6: 52 (46), 90 (70), 71 (73), 98 (101), 107 (113), 103 (103); III-L-1–6: 45, 103, 77 (83), 119 (100), 133 (143), 119 (123); IV-L-1–6: 115 (100), 103 (107), 130 (119), 148 (147), 157 (160), 136 (154). Habitat. Stream about 20 centimeters depth, 5 meters wide, located between the mountains and a farmland; with mayflies and leeches as associated fauna. Remarks. This species shows a general conformity with specimens of T. tenuichelicera, characterized by gnathosoma elongated, chelicera long and straight; P-2 ventral margin convex, ventrodistal protrusion bluntly pointed, slightly curved towards distally, and with a seta at the base; P-3 with two dorsal setae, and a ventrodistal coneshaped protrusion; P-4 with two developed ventral protrusions, with three setae. T. tenuichelicera was previously known from Fodingshan (Foding Mountain), China, and only described in the male sex. In this paper, the description of the female is given for the first time. The two populations are different slightly: (1) E 4 on the same line with the 3 rd pair of acetabula in male, and the 5 th pair in female in Doupengshan population, while on the 4 th line in male in Fodingshan population; (2) P-2 with five dorsal setae in male and six dorsal setae in female in Doupengshan population, but with eight dorsal setae in male in Fodingshan population. Distribution. China (Doupengshan, Fodingshan) (Gu, Jin, Yi & Guo 2018).Published as part of Gu, Xinyao, Jin, Daochao, Yi, Tianci & Guo, Jianjun, 2019, Contributions to the knowledge of Torrenticolid water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) in Doupengshan, China, pp. 101-121 in Zootaxa 4695 (2) on pages 102-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4695.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/353120
Atractides (Atractides) smiti Zhang, Li & Guo 2022, sp. nov.
No full textAtractides (Atractides) smiti Zhang, Li & Guo sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D2DA763A-88E0-4432-810F-76BC5FBF1F3B Figs 4–5 Diagnosis Muscle attachments between D 3 sclerotized. I-L-5 longish, S-1 and S-2 both with blunt tips and with a narrow setal interspace between them; I-L-6 curved. Ac in an obtuse triangle; V1 fused to V2, excretory pore surrounded by sclerotized ring. P-2 and P-3 ventral margin slightly straight; P-4 divided by two ventral hairs in sectors 3:3:2, sword seta at the middle of P-4. Etymology The species is named after Dr Harry Smit in appreciation of his contributions to the taxonomy of water mites. Type material Holotype CHINA • ♂; Qinghai Province, Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Zeku County, Maixiu Town; 35°18′64′′ N, 101°52′32′′ E; 3201 m a.s.l.; 17 Jul. 2020; Hai-Tao Li leg.; running water; GUGC, Slide No. QH-HY-2020071706. Description Male Idiosoma oval; O2 and L1 at the same level; setae of D1 about two thirds of the distance from D1 to D2; setae of D 2 reaching to the level of D 3 ; muscle attachments between D 3 sclerotized; all setae surrounded by sclerites; So 1 in front of A 2 , So 2 at the same level as D 1 , So 3 near D 2 , So 4 at the same level as D 3 , So 5 behind D 4 (Fig. 4A). ACG fused together and with a suture, apodemes of ACG reaching to Cx-III; genital field with a development sclerotization, the anterior part of Ap with a projection, Ac in an obtuse triangle, Ac2 near Ac3 rather than Ac1, Ac3 the biggest; V1 fused to V2, V3 and V4 forming a trapezoid, V4 at the same level as the anterior of acetabular plate; excretory pore surrounded by sclerotized ring (Fig. 4B). Palp five-segmented; P-2 and P-3 ventral margins slightly straight; P-4 with numerous dorsal hairs, and divided by two ventral hairs in sectors 3:3:2, sword seta at the middle of P-4 (Fig. 4E). I-L-5 longish, S-1 and S-2 both with blunt tips and with a narrow setal interspace between them; I-L-6 curved (Fig. 5A). Measurements Male (n = 1) Idiosoma L 513, W 369; coxal field L 264, Cx-III W 164, ACG IL 175, mL 103, W 216; infracapitular bay L 97; genital field L 131, Ac1–3 L 26, 28, 27; chelicera L 145; infracapitulum L 125; palp dL: P-1 23, P-2 49, P-3 49, P-4 70, P-5 26; legs segments: I-L-1 dL 38, I-L-2 dL 74, I-L-3 dL 67, I-L-4 dL 107, I-L-5 dL 122, HB 37, I-L-6 dL 72, HB 19, S-1 L 54, S-2 L 60; dL: II-L-1 32, II-L-2 61, II-L-3 57, II-L-4 82, II-L-5 85, II-L-6 91; dL: III-L-1 36, III-L-2 64, III-L-3 61, III-L-4 95, III-L-5 106, III-L-6 103; dL: IV-L-1 70, IV-L-2 83, IV-L-3 107, IV-L-4 138, IV-L-5 148, IV-L-6 129. Female Unknown. Remarks The new species Atractides (Atractides) smiti sp. nov. is similar to Atractides protendens K.O. Viets, 1955 in the following points: (1) P-2 and P-3 ventral margins slightly straight; (2) S-1 and S-2 with a narrow setal interspace between them; (3) the anterior part of Ap with a projection; (4) apodemes of ACG reaching to Cx-III. However, A. (A.) smiti differs from A. protendens in the following aspects: (1) V1 fused to V 2 in A. (A.) smiti, but not fused in A. protendens; (2) excretory pore surrounded by sclerotized ring in A. (A.) smiti, but smooth in A. protendens; (3) the I-L-6 of A. (A.) smiti more curved than that of A. protendens (Gerecke 2003).Published as part of Zhang, Yu-Hao, Li, Hai-Tao, Li, Cai-Yun & Guo, Jian-Jun, 2022, New species of genus Atractides Koch, 1837 (Acari: Hydrachnidiae, Hygrobatidae) from Qinghai, China, pp. 121-142 in European Journal of Taxonomy 833 (1) on pages 127-129, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.833.1889, http://zenodo.org/record/695817
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