360 research outputs found
Mt Isa B Gravity Complete Bouguer Anomaly
No full textMaintenance and Update Frequency: notPlannedStatement: This Mt Isa B Gravity Complete Bouguer Anomaly is a complete Bouguer anomaly grid for the Mt Isa 2006, Area B (P200641). This gravity survey was acquired under the project No. 200641 for the geological survey of QLD. The grid has a cell size of 0.0041 degrees (approximately 400m). The data are given in units of um/s^2, also known as 'gravity units', or gu. A total of 9857 gravity stations were acquired to produce this grid. The complete Bouguer gravity anomalies were calculated by applying terrain correction (Bullard C - which accounts for the undulations of the surrounding topography) to the spherical cap Bouguer anomaly point data of Mt Isa 2006, Area B (P200641). These terrain corrections were calculated using software from INTREPID Geophysics. The Intrepid algorithm utilises concentric rings subdivided into cells (Direen, 2001) to calculate the terrain correction. The data were then gridded using a gridding technique provided by the INTREPID Geophysics software package. The processed data are checked by GA geophysicists using standard methods for assessing quality to ensure that the final data are fit-for-purpose. Details of the specifications of individual surveys held in the Australian National Gravity Database (ANGD) can be found in the Second Edition of the Index of Gravity Surveys (Wynne and Bacchin, 2009).
References:
Direen, N.G., 2001. Application of terrain corrections in Australia (2001). Geoscience Australia, Canberra.https://pid.geoscience.gov.au/dataset/ga/33808;
Intrepid Geophysics, http://www.intrepid-geophysics.com;
Wynne, P., and Bacchin, M., 2009. Index of Gravity Surveys (Second Edition). Geoscience Australia, Record 2009/07.Gravity data measures small changes in gravity due to changes in the density of rocks beneath the Earth's surface. The data collected are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose.<br/>This Mt Isa B Gravity Complete Bouguer Anomaly is a complete Bouguer anomaly grid for the Mt Isa 2006, Area B (P200641). This gravity survey was acquired under the project No. 200641 for the geological survey of QLD. The grid has a cell size of 0.0041 degrees (approximately 400m). The data are given in units of um/s^2, also known as 'gravity units', or gu. A total of 9857 gravity stations were acquired to produce this grid
A dual infection of infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) virus and a togavirus-like virus in ISA of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in New Brunswick, Canada
No full textTwo viruses, infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) virus and a novel togavirus-like virus, were isolated from ISA disease outbreaks that were first reported as a new syndrome, haemorrhagic kidney syndrome (HKS) affecting farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. on the East coast of Canada. Laboratory confirmation of ISA diagnosis was initially complicated by isolation of only the togavirus-like agent using the CHSE-214 cell line. Here we demonstrate that a clinical sample from a disease outbreak of ISA contained a mixture of ISA virus and togavirus-like virus. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed the presence of both viruses during serial passage of cultures in SHK-1 and CHSE-214 cells. Virus harvested at passage level 3 in both cell lines caused high mortalities and severe gross pathology consistent with ISA virus infection in experimentally inoculated Atlantic salmon parr (approximately 35 g) in freshwater, beginning 12 d post inoculation. ISA virus was detected by virus isolation from kidney and liver tissues of all dead or moribund fish tested. A comparison of virus isolation, 1-step procedure RT-PCR and RNA dot-blot hybridization for detection of ISA virus (ISAV) in fish tissues showed virus isolation to have 100% sensitivity, followed by RT-PCR (66 and 28% sensitivity in kidney and liver, respectively), with RNA dot-blot hybridization as the least sensitive method (20 and 10% sensitivity in kidney and liver, respectively). No togavirus-like virus was detected in these samples by virus isolation. Moreover, another togavirus-like virus isolate grown in CHSE-214 cells in the absence of any other detectable pathogen was non-pathogenic in experimentally inoculated fish. This study confirms that the original ISA outbreaks in New Brunswick, Canada, were caused solely by ISAV
Clearing the Road for ISA Implementation? Applying Adaptive Policymaking for the Implementation of Intelligent Speed Adaptation
No full textIntelligente Snelheid Assistent of ISA is de benaming voor een categorie in-vehicle systemen die bestuurder helpen om zich te houden aan de lokale snelheidslimiet (m.a.w. die er voor zorgen dat bestuurder niet te hard rijdt, of er zelfs voor zorgen dat de bestuurder nooit meer te hard kan rijden). De vele (veld) testen die in het verleden gedaan wijzen er allemaal op dat ISA een grote bijdrage zou kunnen leveren aan de verkeersveiligheid. Ondanks het grote potentieel (experts schatten dat een begrenzende ISA in Nederland jaarlijks meer dan 200 doden kan schelen) is ISA tot op de dag van vandaag niet geïmplementeerd. Om beter om te gaan met de onzekerheden die nog spelen rond de implementatie van ISA systemen en om uiteindelijk te komen tot duurzaam beleid met betrekking tot ISA implementatie wordt in het proefschrift een conceptuele aanpak gehanteerd die Adaptive Policymaking (APM) heet. APM is erop gericht om adaptief beleid te maken door vooraf na te denken over de onzekerheden die spelen en de manier waarop het beleid kan falen. Vervolgens wordt het beleid adaptief gemaakt door te bepalen op welke manier er gereageerd moet worden om de uiteindelijke beleidsdoelen te halen (beleid aanpassen, flankerend beleid maken, etc.). In dit proefschrift wordt onderzocht of APM geschikt is voor het ontwerpen van ISA implementatiebeleid voor Nederland. De resultaten laten zien dat ISA klaar is om geïmplementeerd te worden. Beleidsmakers zouden om kunnen gaan met de onzekerheden die spelen door op kleine schaal te beginnen met implementeren en als de tijd verstrijkt geleidelijk het beleid aan te passen aan de nieuwe kennis en omstandigheden (adaptief beleid). APM is een beleidsaanpak die daarbij zou kunnen helpen. De resultaten laten zien dat het ontwerpen van adaptief ISA implementatiebeleid met behulp van APM de kansen vergroot dat het ontworpen beleid, ondanks de onzekerheden die er nog zijn, de vooraf gedefinieerde beleidsdoelen haalt (in het geval van ISA een reductie in het aantal verkeersdoden, gewonden en ongevallen met schade). Desondanks geven de geraadpleegde experts ook aan dat ontwikkelde adaptieve ISA implementatiebeleid hoogstwaarschijnlijk strandt in de besluitvormingsfase (dus dat er geen beslissing over implementatie kan worden genomen). Dit komt omdat het expliciteren van de onzekerheden die nog spelen rondom de implementatie van ISA ertoe zal leiden dat politici helemaal geen beslissing kunnen of durven nemen. ? Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) is an in-vehicle system that supports the driver of a vehicle in complying with the local speed limit (In other words, that helps the driver to comply with the legal speed limit, or make sure the driver cannot drive faster than the speed limit). There is strong evidence that ISA has a great potential when it comes to contributing to traffic safety. However, ISA implementation is being delayed because of many uncertainties. Despite the large potential (it is estimated that a restricting ISA could save up to 200 lives per year in the Netherlands), ISA systems are not implemented yet. This dissertation focuses on the application of a conceptual approach called Adaptive Policy making (APM). APM is designed to develop policies that can be adapted over time, adaptive policies change as the external conditions change. In this dissertation the applicability of APM for ISA implementation in the Netherlands is researched, by operationalizing, applying, and evaluating the APM approach (for the case of ISA). The results show that ISA is ready to be implemented. Policymakers can deal with the uncertainties that still exist by starting to implement ISA on a small scale, and, as time proceeds, gradually adapt the ISA implementation policy to changing conditions. APM is an approach that could support that process. The results also show that designing adaptive ISA implementation policies with APM increases the chance that the policy will be a success, and reaches the predefined goals. (In case of ISA these goals would be: a reduction in the number of accidents, reduction of fatalities due to road accidents, etc.) Despite this experts also indicate that the developed adaptive ISA implementation policy will cause difficulties in the decision making process, and probably results in the fact that decision makers cannot take a decision at all. (It is indicated that making the uncertainties that surround ISA implementation explicit will be counter-productive for the decision making process).Multi Actor SystemsTechnology, Policy and Managemen
Serological evidence of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) infection in farmed fishes, using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
No full textAntibody detection tests are rarely used for diagnostic purposes in fish diseases. Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) caused by ISA virus (ISAV) is an emerging disease of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. The virus has also been isolated from diseased coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch in Chile. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that should facilitate serodiagnosis of ISAV infection, the study of epidemiology, and the control of ISA in farmed fishes has been developed using purified ISAV as the coating antigen, and monoclonal antibodies that detect fish immunoglobulins bound to the antigen on the plate. Application of the test to a random sample of farmed Atlantic salmon from the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick, Canada, positively identified 5 of the 7 ISAV RT-PCR-positive fish, and all 10 RT-PCR-negative fish were also negative in the ELISA. Some RT-PCR-negative fish had an elevated non-specific antibody reactivity suggestive of chronic infection or resistance to ISAV. This test was also able to detect 11 of the 14 coho salmon pooled serum samples from a clinically affected farm in Chile that were positive by the virus neutralization (VN) test, and 2 of the 4 VN-negative samples. We conclude that this ELISA would be suitable as a routine test for ISAV infection or for assessing ISAV vaccine efficacy before placing smolts in sea cages, and for testing fishes in sea cages to detect level of resistance to ISA. The assay enables vaccination in combination with depopulation control methods.LR: 20061115; PUBM: Print; JID: 8807037; 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal); 0 (Antibodies, Viral); ppublishSource type: Electronic(1
Comparing two work-engagement scales: Relationships with job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and workaholism
No full textAlthough research on work engagement has made great progress over the past 10 years, how best to measure work engagement is still an open question. The aim of the present study was to compare two multidimensional scales measuring work engagement: the popular and widely used Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES; Schaufeli & Bakker, 2003) capturing vigor, dedication and absorption and the newly developed ISA Engagement Scale (ISAES; Soane, Truss, Alfes, Shantz, Rees, & Gatenby, 2012) capturing intellectual, affective, and social engagement. When examining the intercorrelations of the scales’ total and subscale scores and their relationships with job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and workaholism in a sample of 130 employees, results showed that—even though UWES and ISAES total and subscale scores showed considerable overlap—they captured unique variance in the outcome variables, indicating that the two scales tap different aspects of engagement. Based on the present and previous findings (Soane et al., 2012), we recommend to use both scales when measuring work engagement to capture all aspects of the construct and gain a better understanding of how different aspects of work engagement contribute to outcomes that are of key interest to organizational and occupational psychology
Infectious salmon anemia virus RNA in fish cell cultures and in tissue sections of atlantic salmon experimentally infected with infectious salmon anemia virus
No full textCurrent understanding of the etiopathogenesis of infectious salmon anemia (ISA) virus (ISAV) infection in fish comes mostly from virus detection in homogenized tissues taken from ISA-suspected mortalities. This study combined in situ hybridization (ISH) and histology to demonstrate viral RNA transcripts in different fish cell lines infected with ISAV and in tissues collected during the clinical phase of ISAV infection in Atlantic salmon. For this, a riboprobe to mRNA transcripts of ISAV RNA segment 8 was shown to detect viral mRNA in ISAV-infected TO, CHSE-214, and SHK-1 cell cultures. Specific hybridization was initially detected exclusively in the nuclei of infected cells, which is consistent with the nuclear transcription of orthomyxoviruses. For use of the riboprobe on fish tissues fixed in paraformaldehyde or formalin, the conditions used to permeabilize tissues before ISH (Proteinase K or Tween 20) were first optimized. Tissues were collected 15-20 days after challenge from 7 fresh mortalities of Atlantic salmon parr (approximately 20 g) showing severe gross and microscopic lesions, consistent with ISAV infection. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction on tissue pools confirmed the presence of ISAV in each of the 7 fish. Of the tissues examined in each fish, the heart and liver consistently showed the strongest hybridization signal and, therefore, the most in situ virus, which was located in the endothelium of small blood vessels and in macrophage-like cells.LR: 20061115; PUBM: Print; JID: 9011490; 0 (DNA Primers); 0 (RNA, Messenger); 0 (RNA, Viral); ppublishSource type: Electronic(1
Dietary effects of chelated zinc supplementation and lysine levels in ISA Brown laying hens on early and late performance, and egg quality
No full textIt has been hypothesized that zinc (Zn) levels beyond those that are nutritionally required may favor the utilization of dietary lysine, and consequently reduce the level of its inclusion into the diet. Therefore, the possible effects of interaction between chelated Zn and the level of lysine (Lys) on egg production and egg quality of laying hens were evaluated. In total, 720 ISA Brown layer hens aged 24 to 36 wk (early phase) and 48 to 60 wk (late phase) were allotted in a completely randomized factorial design that used 3 Zn and 5 Lys levels (6 replications, 8 birds/replication). All birds aged 37 to 47 wk (between early and late phases) were fed a standard diet and maintained under the same experimental design. The Zn levels used were 137, 309, and 655 mg/kg; and the Lys levels were 0.560, 0.612, 0.677, 0.749, and 0.851%. The optimal levels of Lys digestibility were based on laboratory analyses with regard to the weighted average relationship between 83.5% digestibility and the total Lys from principal ingredients. There was no effect of interaction found between the dietary levels of Zn and Lys for most of the variables studied; however, each had an independent effect on the variables. An increase in Zn from 137 to 655 mg/kg had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on the performance of hens in both phases; however, it showed a significant effect on egg quality (P < 0.01), principally on mineral composition. Increased Zn resulted in decreased shell weight, percentage of ash, yolk ash deposition, and total ash deposition. On the other hand, an increase in Lys from 0.560 to 0.851% significantly affected (P < 0.002) several performance parameters and the chemical composition of the eggs, including feed intake, feed conversion efficiency, BW gain, egg weight, and production. In conclusion, there was no interaction found between Zn and Lys, but higher dietary levels of chelated Zn reduced bird performance and egg quality parameters, whereas higher Lys levels could be beneficial to bird performance and egg quality
Infectious salmon anemia virus: causative agent, pathogenesis and immunity
No full textInfectious salmon anemia (ISA) virus (ISAV), an economically important new pathogen in marine aquaculture, is classified in the family Orthomyxoviridae, genus Isavirus. The main structural properties of this genus include enveloped virions 90-140 nm in diameter with surface projections of a combined receptor-binding hemagglutinin and receptor-destroying enzyme activity demonstrated to be an esterase, hence recently designated HE, and a genome composed of eight segments of linear, single-stranded, negative sense RNA ranging in length from 1.0 to 2.4 kb, with a total size of approximately 14.3 kb. The viral genome encodes at least ten proteins, of which nine are structural and one is non-structural. Examination of more than 160 ISAV isolates has led to the identification of two hemagglutinin subtypes of ISAV, one North American and one European. The immune response against ISAV after infection or vaccination does not provide full protection against the infection. The recent discovery of antibody-mediated uptake and replication of ISAV in macrophage-like fish cell lines suggests that Fc receptor-mediated antibody-dependent enhancement of the ISA virus infection might also occur in vivo, as the virus in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) targets endothelial cells lining blood vessels and macrophage-like cells. Cumulative mortalities in Atlantic salmon during natural ISA outbreaks and experimental infections range from 0 to 100%. ISAV causes fatal systemic infections in marine-farmed Atlantic salmon and asymptomatic infections in feral fish. Experimentally induced fatal clinical disease in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) has identified a correlate of virulence of ISAV that may explain its emergence as a fish pathogen.LR: 20061115; PUBM: Print; JID: 101083072; 0 (RNA, Viral); 0 (Viral Vaccines); RF: 144; ppublishSource type: Electronic(1
A dialogic reimagining of a servant's suffering: understanding second Isaiah's servant of Yahweh as a polyphonic hero
No full textA definitive identification of the Servant figure of Second Isaiah is notoriously difficult, as attested by centuries of conjecture and debate. The interpretive obstacles are profuse: the Servant is addressed as Israel-Jacob, but then spoken of in terms that are not consistent with the nation's experience; in some texts he seems to represent a community, while in others he speaks as an individual; he seems to suffer extreme hardship and persecution, but then is said to experience new life; some of his experiences appear to be historical, while others are best described as idealistic. Further hampering objective interpretations are the pervasive traditional approaches among Christian and Jewish readers, which associate the Servant, equally emphatically, with Jesus or Israel.
But a primary reason the Servant is so difficult to pin down is rarely considered, and that is that there exists no objective image of the Servant anywhere in Second Isaiah. As a literary character he is constituted entirely by dialogue; that is, by discourse addressed to him, spoken by him, and spoken about him by others in the form of a confession. His actions are never described, and his person is never defined. Scholars have referred to this as his 'fluid' nature, but have lacked the methodological tools for a fuller study of this literary curiosity.
The ideas of literary theorist Mikhail Bakhtin speak to this type of characterisation. His 'polyphonic hero' is a fictional character who is constituted by what is spoken to him or her, by what they overhear said concerning them, and by how they make that discourse, and the discourse of the wider world, an aspect of their own self-knowledge. They become known only by the discourse that converges on them, much as the Servant of Second Isaiah is constituted. This thesis develops a reading strategy based on Bakhtin's theory of the polyphonic hero, as well as his broader theories of dialogism. It reimagines the inner discourse of the Servant in order to comprehend him according to the dialogue by which he knows himself, and not according to conventional reading strategies that seek for a fixed, opaque image. In the process it discovers that there are not multiple Servants, which is often posited as a solution to the problem of his fluid nature, but one Servant, Israel-Jacob, whose self-knowledge as the faithful Servant of Yahweh calls empirical Israel to faith in a time of national distress. It concludes that the Servant is present in the collection of Second Isaiah as a 'voice-idea', the embodiment of a theologically critical position that calls many of Israel's theological and ideological presuppositions into question, in order to liberate her for a renewed history as a faithful 'witness' to Yahweh her redeemer
Assessment of potential predictive value of peripheral blood inflammatory indexes in 26 cases with soft tissue sarcoma treated by pazopanib: a retrospective study
No full textCem Mirili,1 Semra Paydaş,1 Isa B Guney,2 Ali Ogul,1 Serkan Gokcay,1 Mahmut Buyuksimsek,1 Abdullah E Yetisir,1 Bilgin Karaalioglu,1 Mert Tohumcuoglu,1 Gulsah Seydaoglu3 1Department of Medical Oncology, Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey; 2Department of Nuclear Medicine, Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey; 3Department of Bioistatistics, Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic and predictive value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (DNLR), lymphocyte-to- monocyte ratio (LMR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in soft tissue sarcoma (STS) cases treated with pazopanib. Materials and methods: The study population included 26 STS cases treated with pazopanib for at least 3 months. NLR, DNLR, LMR, and PLR were evaluated at baseline, and at third month of therapy and also compared with response to pazopanib. Median measurements were taken as cutoff for NLR (4.8), DNLR (3.1), LMR (3.6), and PLR (195). The associations between these cutoff values and survival times (progression-free survival [PFS] and overall survival [OS]) were assessed by Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional models. Results: Patients with low pretreatment NLR and DNLR had longer OS (P=0.022, P=0.018), but low PLR was found to be associated only with longer OS. Additionally, decrease in NLR and DNLR after 3 months of therapy as compared with pretreatment measurements was found to be associated with an advantage for OS (P=0.021, P=0.010, respectively) and PFS (P=0.005, P=0.001, respectively). Response to pazopanib; changes in NLR, DNLR, LMR, and PLR; and >3 metastatic sites were found to be independent risk factors in univariate analysis, but NLR was the only independent risk factor in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Low pretreatment and decrease in NLR and DNLR values, and regression/stable disease after 3 months of pazopanib are predictive factors for longer OS and PFS. Keywords: soft tissue sarcoma, STS, pazopanib, angiogenesis, inflammation, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, NLR, derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, DNL
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