453 research outputs found
Detecting emotions and depression through voice
No full textA deep learning algorithm can detect emotion, including depression, using a voice signal. The system, developed by Teddy Surya Gunawan at the International Islamic University Malaysia, could be used by suicide prevention call centres and psychological counsellors.
Distance communication, including by phone and over the Internet, is becoming increasingly common, particularly during the current pandemic. This can make it more difficult for people to assess how the person on the other side of the line is doing. myEMOS is a deep learning algorithm that aims to detect emotions, like feeling down or depressed, through speech. Unlike traditional sentiment analysis, which is often language-dependent and take words literally, this methodology combines speech analysis and deep learning techniques to output predictions.
This speech emotion recognition system achieved an accuracy rate of 80% when trained and tested in English, German, French and Italian. It also achieved an average accuracy rate of more than 90% for predicting depression using the sorrow analysis dataset [NE1] . The sorrow analysis dataset is a speech depression dataset we collected, which contains 64 depressed speech samples through voice over internet protocol (VoIP). The project has won recognition and awards in several national Malaysian exhibitions, including gold at the International Conference and Exposition on Inventions by Institutions of Higher Learning (PECIPTA ‘19) and silver at the Malaysia Technology Expo 2020.
Recently, edge computing brings computation and data storage closer to the devices where the speech signal is being collected, which will improve the processing while protecting the user’s privacy. The research group is now looking into deploying its deep learning model into edge computing to enable maximum data privacy since the system’s targeted users are in suicide prevention call centres and psychological counsellors.
For more information, please contact Prof. Dr. Teddy Surya Gunawan [email protected]. Please visit myEMOS website http://staff.iium.edu.my/tsgunawan/myemos/ for more information
A comprehensive review of speech emotion recognition systems
Get PDFDuring the last decade, Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) has emerged as an integral component within Human-computer Interaction (HCI) and other high-end speech processing systems. Generally, an SER system targets the speaker’s existence of varied emotions by extracting and classifying the prominent features from a preprocessed speech signal. However, the way humans and machines recognize and correlate emotional aspects of speech signals are quite contrasting quantitatively and qualitatively, which present enormous difficulties in blending knowledge from interdisciplinary fields, particularly speech emotion recognition, applied psychology, and human-computer interface. The paper carefully identifies and synthesizes recent relevant literature related to the SER systems’ varied design components/methodologies, thereby providing readers with a state-of-the-art understanding of the hot research topic. Furthermore, while scrutinizing the current state of understanding on SER systems, the research gap’s prominence has been sketched out for consideration and analysis by other related researchers, institutions, and regulatory bodies
Editorial
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CHIEF EDITOR
Ahmad Faris Ismail, IIUM, Malaysia
TECHNICAL EDITOR
Khairul Azami Sidek, IIUM, Malaysia
EXECUTIVE EDITOR
Teddy Surya Gunawan, IIUM, Malaysia
ASSOCIATE EDITOR
Nor Farahidah Za’bah, IIUM, Malaysia
LANGUAGE EDITOR
Lynn Mason, Malaysia
COPY EDITOR
Aliza ‘Aini Md Ralib, IIUM, MalaysiaSuriza Ahmad Zabidi, IIUM, Malaysia
MALAY TRANSLATOR
Nurul Arfah Che Mustapha, IIUM, Malaysia
EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Abdullah Al-Mamun, IIUM, MalaysiaAbdumalik Rakhimov, IIUM, MalaysiaAishah Najiah Dahnel, IIUM, MalaysiaAlya Naili Rozhan, IIUM, MalaysiaAni Liza Asnawi, IIUM, MalaysiaHanafi Ani, IIUM, MalaysiaHanafy Omar, Saudi ArabiaHuda Adibah Mohd. Ramli, IIUM, MalaysiaKonstantin Khanin, University of Toronto, CanadaMa'an Al-Khatib, IIUM, MalaysiaMeftah Hrairi, IIUM, MalaysiaMohamed B. Trabia, United StatesMohammad S. Alam, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, United StatesMohd Sultan Ibrahim Shaik Dawood, IIUM, MalaysiaMustafizur Rahman, National University Singapore, SingaporeNoorasikin Samat, IIUM, MalaysiaNor Fadhillah Mohamed Azmin, IIUM, MalaysiaNorsinnira Zainul Azlan, IIUM, MalaysiaOssama Abdulkhalik, Michigan Technological University, United StatesWaqar Asrar, IIUM, Malaysia
INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Anwar, United StatesAbdul Latif Bin Ahmad, MalaysiaFarzad Ismail, USM, Pulau Pinang, MalaysiaHanafy Omar, Saudi ArabiaHany Ammar, United StatesIdris Mohammed Bugaje, NigeriaK.B. Ramachandran, India KunzuAbdella, CanadaLuis Le Moyne, ISAT, University of Burgundy, FranceM Mujtaba, United KingdomMohamed AI-Rubei, IrelandMohamed B Trabia, United StatesSyed Kamrul Islam, United StatesTibor Czigany, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, HungaryYiu-Wing Mai, The University of Sydney, Australia.
AIMS & SCOPE OF IIUMENGINEERING JOURNAL
The IIUM Engineering Journal, published biannually (January and July), is a carefully refereed international publication of the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). Contributions of high technical merit within the span of engineering disciplines covering the main areas of engineering: Electrical and Computer Engineering; Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; Automation and Mechatronics Engineering; Material and Chemical Engineering; Environmental and Civil Engineering; Biotechnology and Bioengineering; Engineering Mathematics and Physics; and Computer Science and Information Technology are considered for publication in this journal. Contributions from other areas of engineering and applied science are also welcome. The IIUM Engineering Journal publishes contributions under Regular papers and Invited review papers. It also welcomes contributions that address solutions to the specific challenges of the developing world, as well as science and technology issues, from an Islamic and multidisciplinary perspective.
REFEREES’ NETWORK
All papers submitted to the IIUM Engineering Journal will be subjected to a rigorous reviewing process through a worldwide network of specialized and competent referees. Each accepted paper should have at least two positive referees’ assessments.
SUBMISSION OF A MANUSCRIPT
A manuscript should be submitted online to the IIUM-Engineering Journal website at https://journals.iium.edu.my/ejournal. The journal website can also be used for further correspondence on the paper's status.
Whilst every effort is made by the publisher and editorial board to see that no inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or statement appears in this Journal, they wish to make it clear that the data and opinions appearing in the articles and advertisement herein are the responsibility of the contributor or advertiser concerned. Accordingly, the publisher and the editorial committee accept no liability whatsoever for the consequence of any such inaccurate or misleading data, opinion, or statement.
IIUM Engineering Journal
ISSN: 1511-788X E-ISSN: 2289-7860
Published by:IIUM Press,International Islamic University MalaysiaJalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaPhone (+603) 6421-5014, Fax: (+603) 6421-629
Editorial
Get PDFThe IIUM Engineering Journal Vol. 26 No. 3 continues its commitment to advancing impactful research that addresses contemporary engineering challenges through innovation, sustainability, and interdisciplinary integration. This issue features 28 high-quality papers across a broad spectrum of disciplines: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Electrical, Computer and Communications Engineering, Engineering Mathematics and Applied Science, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, and Mechatronics and Automation Engineering.
The Civil and Environmental Engineering section reflects a growing focus on safety, durability, and sustainable infrastructure. Papers in this category explore accident probability among elderly motorcyclists in Indonesia, corrosion assessment in fly ash–silica fume concrete via non-destructive testing, eco-processed pozzolan characterization, strength forecasting using machine learning and response surface methodology, clayey sand improvement using brick dust, and sediment scour simulations in submerged weirs. Collectively, these works contribute to improved construction practices and enhanced environmental resilience.
The Electrical, Computer, and Communications Engineering section comprises the largest set of contributions, showcasing cutting-edge AI and computational advancements across multiple domains. Topics include real-time deep learning for UAV object detection, electronic nose integration with LeNet and regularization, blockchain benchmarking on heterogeneous IoT hardware, and health monitoring of lead-acid batteries in off-grid solar systems. Other notable studies investigate fake news detection using multimodal embeddings, hybrid deep learning for data center temperature control, sensor-based fingerspelling recognition, and spatiotemporal models for earthquake prediction. Additionally, papers on chipless RFID resonators, LoRa-driven UAV return prediction, saliency-based segmentation of skin cancer, and sentiment analysis on TVET from social media highlight AI’s broad impact. Further innovations are presented in malware detection within IoMT environments, trade-space analysis of satellite anomalies, parametric cost modeling, and power generation optimization using bio-inspired algorithms. These papers demonstrate the transformative role of AI, IoT, and intelligent systems in reshaping engineering practice.
In Engineering Mathematics and Applied Science, a significant theoretical contribution explores a novel seven-dimensional chaotic system, enriching our understanding of nonlinear dynamics and complex systems. The Materials and Manufacturing Engineering section highlights progress in safety engineering and the development of advanced composites. Featured studies include the enhanced design of portable oil spill skimmers using computational fluid dynamics, void formation analysis in BFS/CaCO? diffusion couples, and the evaluation of machining performance in hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer composites. These contributions reflect ongoing efforts to optimize material performance and environmental protection.
In Mechatronics and Automation Engineering, contributions emphasize intelligent control and autonomous systems. Topics include the dynamic analysis of aerial work platforms using hybrid CAD for satellite testing, as well as autonomous navigation based on frontier-based detection integrated with social force modeling. These efforts highlight the integration of robotics, control systems, and intelligent automation to improve operational reliability and mobility in complex environments.
This issue exemplifies the journal’s mission to bridge theory and real-world application across diverse engineering domains, promoting secure, sustainable, and intelligent systems. The editorial team expresses its sincere gratitude to all authors, reviewers, and section editors for their valuable contributions, commitment to excellence, and support in upholding the scholarly integrity of this publication. We hope these contributions inspire future innovations, foster stronger academia–industry collaboration, and accelerate global progress towards sustainable, inclusive, and technology-driven development.
Prof. Ir. Ts. Dr. Teddy Surya Gunawan
Executive Editor
IIUM Engineering Journal
ISSN: 1511-788X E-ISSN: 2289-7860
Published by:
IIUM Press,
International Islamic University Malaysia
Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Phone (+603) 6421-5014, Fax: (+603) 6421-629
Editorial
Get PDFThe IIUM Engineering Journal, Vol. 25 No. 1, showcases a diverse array of pioneering research that pushes the boundaries of engineering and technology. This issue reflects a commitment to addressing critical challenges, exploring innovative solutions, and advancing sustainable practices across various disciplines. From air pollution modeling and flood mapping to groundbreaking healthcare and renewable energy applications, this edition captures the essence of interdisciplinary collaboration and ingenuity.
Environmental sustainability is a recurring theme in this issue. Researchers have tackled pressing global issues such as air pollution, water purification, and waste management with novel solutions. Developing deep, sparse autoencoder models for predicting the Air Pollution Index in Malaysia exemplifies how artificial intelligence can guide impactful environmental decisions. Similarly, advancements in green cementless mortar and geopolymer technology utilizing waste paper sludge ash highlight engineering's role in reducing carbon footprints and repurposing industrial by-products.Solar-driven innovations also take center stage, with the introduction of PVA-Chitosan/PANi hydrogels demonstrating a leap forward in solar vapor generation efficiency. This research addresses freshwater scarcity and opens new avenues for sustainable material development.
Healthcare and safety remain pivotal in this issue, with studies delving into early autism screening using federated learning and diabetic retinopathy detection leveraging deep convolutional neural networks. These works underscore the transformative potential of artificial intelligence in improving diagnostic accuracy and protecting sensitive medical data.
Another noteworthy contribution is a study on lightning protection systems for large-scale solar photovoltaic plants in Malaysia. This study provides critical insights into safeguarding renewable energy infrastructures in lightning-prone regions. Such research bridges the gap between technological advancement and safety, ensuring resilience in natural adversities.
This issue also highlights the integration of AI and machine learning in optimizing engineering systems. From a fuzzy logic-based indoor navigation system to an energy management system for standalone microgrids, these innovations demonstrate AI's capability to enhance decision-making, reduce costs, and improve system reliability. For instance, using a Model Predictive Control-based EMS for microgrids presents a tangible solution to balancing renewable energy intermittency and load demands.Interdisciplinary efforts shine through research on 4D radar imaging and its fusion with deep learning for road-crossing classification, emphasizing the role of technology in creating safer urban environments. Similarly, the application of fuzzy logic for vehicle speed control and the development of SolatExo—a passive exoskeleton for individuals with physical disabilities—illustrate how engineering transcends traditional boundaries to address societal needs.
This volume stands as a testament to the vital role of engineering research in shaping a sustainable, inclusive, and technologically advanced future. The diversity of topics and the depth of innovation presented in this issue underline the IIUM Engineering Journal's dedication to advancing knowledge and fostering impactful solutions to global challenges.
We extend our gratitude to the authors, reviewers, and editorial board for their unwavering commitment to excellence. Your contributions ensure that this journal continues to thrive as a beacon of scholarly inquiry and practical impact. Let us embrace these breakthroughs as stepping stones to a brighter, more sustainable future.
Prof. Dr. Teddy Surya GunawanExecutive EditorIIUM Engineering Journal
ISSN: 1511-788X E-ISSN: 2289-7860
Published by:IIUM Press,International Islamic University MalaysiaJalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaPhone (+603) 6421-5014, Fax: (+603) 6421-629
Editorial
Get PDFThe IIUM Engineering Journal Vol. 26 No. 3 continues its commitment to advancing impactful research that addresses contemporary engineering challenges through innovation, sustainability, and interdisciplinary integration. This issue features 28 high-quality papers across a broad spectrum of disciplines: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Electrical, Computer and Communications Engineering, Engineering Mathematics and Applied Science, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, and Mechatronics and Automation Engineering.
The Civil and Environmental Engineering section reflects a growing focus on safety, durability, and sustainable infrastructure. Papers in this category explore accident probability among elderly motorcyclists in Indonesia, corrosion assessment in fly ash–silica fume concrete via non-destructive testing, eco-processed pozzolan characterization, strength forecasting using machine learning and response surface methodology, clayey sand improvement using brick dust, and sediment scour simulations in submerged weirs. Collectively, these works contribute to improved construction practices and enhanced environmental resilience.
The Electrical, Computer, and Communications Engineering section comprises the largest set of contributions, showcasing cutting-edge AI and computational advancements across multiple domains. Topics include real-time deep learning for UAV object detection, electronic nose integration with LeNet and regularization, blockchain benchmarking on heterogeneous IoT hardware, and health monitoring of lead-acid batteries in off-grid solar systems. Other notable studies investigate fake news detection using multimodal embeddings, hybrid deep learning for data center temperature control, sensor-based fingerspelling recognition, and spatiotemporal models for earthquake prediction. Additionally, papers on chipless RFID resonators, LoRa-driven UAV return prediction, saliency-based segmentation of skin cancer, and sentiment analysis on TVET from social media highlight AI’s broad impact. Further innovations are presented in malware detection within IoMT environments, trade-space analysis of satellite anomalies, parametric cost modeling, and power generation optimization using bio-inspired algorithms. These papers demonstrate the transformative role of AI, IoT, and intelligent systems in reshaping engineering practice.
In Engineering Mathematics and Applied Science, a significant theoretical contribution explores a novel seven-dimensional chaotic system, enriching our understanding of nonlinear dynamics and complex systems. The Materials and Manufacturing Engineering section highlights progress in safety engineering and the development of advanced composites. Featured studies include the enhanced design of portable oil spill skimmers using computational fluid dynamics, void formation analysis in BFS/CaCO? diffusion couples, and the evaluation of machining performance in hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer composites. These contributions reflect ongoing efforts to optimize material performance and environmental protection.
In Mechatronics and Automation Engineering, contributions emphasize intelligent control and autonomous systems. Topics include the dynamic analysis of aerial work platforms using hybrid CAD for satellite testing, as well as autonomous navigation based on frontier-based detection integrated with social force modeling. These efforts highlight the integration of robotics, control systems, and intelligent automation to improve operational reliability and mobility in complex environments.
This issue exemplifies the journal’s mission to bridge theory and real-world application across diverse engineering domains, promoting secure, sustainable, and intelligent systems. The editorial team expresses its sincere gratitude to all authors, reviewers, and section editors for their valuable contributions, commitment to excellence, and support in upholding the scholarly integrity of this publication. We hope these contributions inspire future innovations, foster stronger academia–industry collaboration, and accelerate global progress towards sustainable, inclusive, and technology-driven development.
Prof. Ir. Ts. Dr. Teddy Surya GunawanExecutive EditorIIUM Engineering Journal
ISSN: 1511-788X E-ISSN: 2289-7860
Published by:IIUM Press,International Islamic University MalaysiaJalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaPhone (+603) 6421-5014, Fax: (+603) 6421-629
Editorial
Get PDFThe IIUM Engineering Journal Vol. 26 No. 2 continues its mission of advancing scholarly excellence by featuring 22 high-quality papers that span a wide spectrum of engineering disciplines. This issue brings together cutting-edge research showcasing the dynamic and multidisciplinary nature of engineering in addressing real-world problems.Researchers explore sustainable and biologically driven innovations in the realm of Chemical and Biotechnology Engineering. Notably, identifying Rhizopus sp. fungi as an alternative lactic acid source and the ozonation of vegetable oils underscore efforts toward environmentally friendly biochemical processes. Civil and Environmental Engineering contributions highlight using natural materials for infrastructure, focusing on the feasibility of treated natural bitumen as a replacement for petroleum-based asphalt—an approach aligned with sustainable construction practices.The most significant representation comes from Electrical, Computer, and Communications Engineering, where numerous works delve into AI, signal processing, secure communications, and sensor networks. From deep learning-based anomaly detection and vision transformer analysis for driver fatigue, to latency evaluations of LEO and GEO networks under tropical conditions, these studies reflect the growing importance of digital intelligence and communication resilience. Contributions on flexible antenna designs, mobile applications for dyslexic learners, and modified grey relational analysis further showcase how electronics and AI are increasingly embedded in daily societal functions.In Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, the research on MSW-derived biochar for iron production and voltage-induced void formation in boiler tubes exemplifies innovation in resource utilization and reliability of industrial systems. Additionally, enhancing photocatalytic materials for water treatment presents promising strides in environmental engineering. Mechatronics and Automation Engineering advances are evident in developing regenerative braking systems for electric motorcycles and smart IoT-based solutions for e-bike sharing systems, both addressing urban mobility and energy efficiency. Finally, contributions in Engineering Mathematics and Applied Science provide theoretical underpinnings crucial for innovation, such as the study on the elliptic drum of vertical spindle cotton pickers, demonstrating the importance of mathematical modeling in optimizing mechanical design.This issue affirms the journal’s commitment to featuring impactful, interdisciplinary research that bridges theory and application. The editorial team extends sincere appreciation to all contributing authors, dedicated reviewers, and section editors whose efforts ensure the continued quality and relevance of the IIUM Engineering Journal.We hope this collection will inspire further research, inform policy and industrial practices, and foster collaborations across academia and industry to pursue sustainable and inclusive technological development..We extend our gratitude to the authors, reviewers, and editorial board for their unwavering commitment to excellence. Your contributions ensure this journal thrives as a beacon of scholarly inquiry and practical impact. Let us embrace these breakthroughs as stepping stones to a brighter, more sustainable future.
Prof. Ir. Ts. Dr. Teddy Surya GunawanExecutive EditorIIUM Engineering Journal
ISSN: 1511-788X E-ISSN: 2289-7860
Published by:IIUM Press,International Islamic University MalaysiaJalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaPhone (+603) 6421-5014, Fax: (+603) 6421-629
Editorial Message Vol. 27 No. 1 2026
Get PDFIt is with great pleasure that we present Volume 27, Number 1 of the IIUM Engineering Journal, an issue that reflects the breadth, depth, and evolving priorities of contemporary engineering research. The papers published in this volume collectively demonstrate how rigorous theoretical foundations, advanced computational techniques, and practical engineering solutions converge to address pressing technological, environmental, and societal challenges.This issue opens with contributions from Chemical and Biotechnology Engineering, where research on the growth kinetics of Pleurotus pulmonarius advances sustainable biotechnology practices through innovative methods to revive spawn culture. This work highlights how process optimization and biological engineering can contribute to food security and value-added agro-industrial applications.A substantial portion of this volume is devoted to Electrical, Computer, and Communications Engineering, underscoring the rapid progress in intelligent systems, data-driven modeling, and energy-aware technologies. Several papers explore the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning into diverse domains, including graph neural networks for large-scale skyline query processing, transformer-based malware detection at the byte level, deep learning with explainability for skin care detection, and advanced sentiment prediction models. Complementing these are applied engineering studies on inertial sensor self-calibration for autonomous underwater vehicles, LoRaWAN-based IoT systems for electric fence monitoring, optimized PID control for energy-efficient induction motors, and vision-transformer-based groundwater-level forecasting for sustainable water-resource management. Together, these works illustrate how AI-enhanced engineering is reshaping decision-making, automation, and system reliability.In the Materials and Manufacturing Engineering section, the focus shifts to next-generation materials and devices that support sustainability and high-performance applications. Contributions on eco-friendly tin-based perovskite solar cells and graphene–silver hybrid inks provide valuable insights into material characterization, performance optimization, and the development of greener energy and electronic solutions. The Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering contribution in this issue addresses surrogate model-based optimization of unmanned aerial vehicle wings, demonstrating how computational intelligence and response surface methodologies can accelerate design cycles while maintaining aerodynamic efficiency and structural integrity.Research in Mechatronics and Automation Engineering further enriches this volume, covering a wide spectrum of intelligent and autonomous systems. Papers in this section examine humanoid robot stability on uneven terrain, vehicle identification using YOLO-based deep learning, autonomous underwater vehicles for subaquatic exploration, FSM-based MBIST controller implementation, adaptive energy balance control for solar-powered hydroponics, and advanced medical image segmentation using attention-enhanced neural architectures. Collectively, these studies highlight the increasing role of autonomy, robustness, and sustainability in modern engineered systems.Taken as a whole, Vol. 27 No. 1 exemplifies the journal’s commitment to publishing high-quality, interdisciplinary engineering research that bridges theory and practice. The diversity of topics and methodologies presented here reflects not only the dynamic nature of engineering as a discipline but also its critical role in supporting sustainable development, digital transformation, and technological innovation.We extend our sincere appreciation to the authors for their valuable contributions, to the reviewers for their rigorous and constructive evaluations, and to the editorial team for their dedication in bringing this issue to publication. We hope that the articles in this volume will stimulate further research, inspire collaboration across disciplines, and serve as a meaningful reference for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers alike.
Prof. Ir. Ts. Dr. Teddy Surya GunawanExecutive EditorIIUM Engineering Journal
ISSN: 1511-788X E-ISSN: 2289-7860
Published by:IIUM Press,International Islamic University MalaysiaJalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaPhone (+603) 6421-5014, Fax: (+603) 6421-629
An evaluation of transform domain watermaking and its application to intellectual properties of image
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