1,721,017 research outputs found
Replication Data for: "Exposure to untrustworthy websites in the 2016 U.S. election"
No full textGuess, Brendan Nyhan, and Jason Reifler. "Exposure to untrustworthy websites in the 2016 U.S. election." Forthcoming, Nature Human Behaviour
Replication Data for: Does Counter-Attitudinal Information Cause Backlash? Results from Three Large Survey Experiments
No full textSeveral theoretical perspectives suggest that when individuals are exposed to counter-attitudinal evidence or arguments, their preexisting opinions and beliefs are reinforced, resulting in a phenomenon sometimes known as "backlash." We formalize the concept of backlash and specify how it can be measured. We then present results from three survey experiments -- two on Mechanical Turk and one on a nationally representative sample -- in which we find no evidence of backlash, even under theoretically favorable conditions. While a casual reading of the literature on information processing suggests that backlash is rampant, we conclude that it is much rarer than commonly supposed
Replication Data for: Does Counter-Attitudinal Information Cause Backlash? Results from Three Large Survey Experiments
No full textSeveral theoretical perspectives suggest that when individuals are exposed to counter-attitudinal evidence or arguments, their preexisting opinions and beliefs are reinforced, resulting in a phenomenon sometimes known as "backlash." We formalize the concept of backlash and specify how it can be measured. We then present results from three survey experiments -- two on Mechanical Turk and one on a nationally representative sample -- in which we find no evidence of backlash, even under theoretically favorable conditions. While a casual reading of the literature on information processing suggests that backlash is rampant, we conclude that it is much rarer than commonly supposed
Replication Data for: (Almost) Everything in Moderation: New Evidence on Americans' Online Media Diets
No full textDoes the internet facilitate selective exposure to politically congenial content? To answer this question, I introduce and validate large-N behavioral data on Americans' online media consumption in both 2015 and 2016. I then construct a simple measure of media diet slant and use machine classification to identify individual articles related to news about politics. I find that most people across the political spectrum have relatively moderate media diets, about a quarter of which consist of mainstream news websites and portals. Quantifying the similarity of Democrats' and Republicans' media diets, I find nearly 65% overlap in the two groups' distributions in 2015 and roughly 50% in 2016. An exception to this picture is a small group of partisans who drive a disproportionate amount of traffic to ideologically slanted websites. Overall, the findings support a view that if online "echo chambers" exist, they are a reality for relatively few people who may nonetheless wield disproportionate influence and visibility in society
Replication Data for: "Less than you think: Prevalence and predictors of fake news dissemination on Facebook"
No full textCode and replication data for figures and tables
Replication Data for: Responsiveness Without Representation: Evidence from Minimum Wage Laws in U.S. States
No full textHow well does public policy represent mass preferences in U.S. states? Current approaches provide an incomplete account of statehouse democracy because they fail to compare preferences and policies on meaningful scales. Here we overcome this problem by generating estimates of Americans' preferences on the minimum wage and compare them to observed policies both within and across states. Because we measure both preferences and policies on the same scale (U.S. dollars), we can quantify both the association of policy outcomes with preferences across states (responsiveness) and their deviation within states (bias). We demonstrate that while minimum wages respond to corresponding preferences across states, policy outcomes are more conservative than preferences in each state, with the average policy bias amounting to about two dollars. We also show that policy bias is substantially smaller in states with access to direct democratic institutions
Replication Data for: Responsiveness Without Representation: Evidence from Minimum Wage Laws in U.S. States
No full textHow well does public policy represent mass preferences in U.S. states? Current approaches provide an incomplete account of statehouse democracy because they fail to compare preferences and policies on meaningful scales. Here we overcome this problem by generating estimates of Americans' preferences on the minimum wage and compare them to observed policies both within and across states. Because we measure both preferences and policies on the same scale (U.S. dollars), we can quantify both the association of policy outcomes with preferences across states (responsiveness) and their deviation within states (bias). We demonstrate that while minimum wages respond to corresponding preferences across states, policy outcomes are more conservative than preferences in each state, with the average policy bias amounting to about two dollars. We also show that policy bias is substantially smaller in states with access to direct democratic institutions
Replication Data for: "Less than you think: Prevalence and predictors of fake news dissemination on Facebook"
No full textCode and replication data for figures and tables
Replication Data for: "A digital media literacy intervention increases discernment between mainstream and false news in the United States and India"
No full textWidespread belief in misinformation circulating online is a critical challenge for modern societies. While research to date has focused on psychological and political antecedents to this phenomenon, few studies have explored the role of digital media literacy shortfalls. Using data from preregistered survey experiments conducted around recent elections in the United States and India, we assess the effectiveness of an intervention modeled closely on the world's largest media literacy campaign, which provided ``tips'' on how to spot false news to people in 14 countries. Our results indicate that exposure to this intervention reduced the perceived accuracy of both mainstream and false news headlines, but effects on the latter were significantly larger. As a result, the intervention improved discernment between mainstream and false news headlines among both a nationally representative sample in the U.S. (by 26.5%) and a highly educated online sample in India (by 17.5%). This increase in discernment remained measurable several weeks later in the U.S. (but not in India). However, we find no effects among a representative sample of respondents in a largely rural area of northern India, where rates of social media use are far lower. These findings suggest that brief and scalable interventions can help to address shortfalls in digital media literacy
Exposure to untrustworthy websites in the 2016 US election
Full text linkThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Nature Research via the DOI in this recordData availability:
Data files necessary to replicate the results in this article are available at the following Dataverse repository: https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/YLW1AZCode availability:
R/Stata scripts that replicate the results in this article are available at the following Dataverse repository: https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/YLW1AZAlthough commentators frequently warn about echo chambers, little is known about the volume or slant of political misinformation that people consume online, the effects of social media and fact checking on exposure, or the effects of political misinformation on behaviour. Here, we evaluate these questions for websites that publish factually dubious content, which is often described as fake news. Survey and web-traffic data from the 2016 US presidential campaign show that supporters of Donald Trump were most likely to visit these websites, which often spread through Facebook. However, these websites made up a small share of people’s information diets on average and were largely consumed by a subset of Americans with strong preferences for pro-attitudinal information. These results suggest that the widespread speculation about the prevalence of exposure to untrustworthy websites has been overstated.European Union Horizon 2020Poynter InstituteKnight FoundationAmerican Press Institut
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