527 research outputs found
Essays on the Internationalization of Emerging Market Multinational Enterprises
Get PDFThis thesis studies the internationalization of emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs). Chapters 2, 3, 4, and 5 focus on the case of Chinese multinational enterprises (MNEs). Chapter 2 reviews extant literature about the internationalization of Chinese MNEs published from 1985 to 2021, proposes research frameworks, and finally provides suggestions for future research attention. Chapter 3 introduces four main international business theories and analyzes how the theories are developed in explaining the internationalization process of Chinese MNEs. The four theories are the OLI (Ownership, Location, and Internalization advantages) paradigm, the Uppsala model, the LLL (Linkage-Leverage-Learning) framework, and the Springboard perspective. Chapter 4 investigates the effect of post-cross-border mergers and acquisitions (CBMAs) of short and long terms on the innovation performance of Chinese MNEs. Using a sample of CBMAs between 1997 and 2017, empirical results show that CBMAs foster the innovation performance of Chinese MNEs in the short and long terms. The significant effects keep persistent when Chinese MNEs invest in targets from different industries or located in innovative countries. Moreover, comparing the innovation level of the host country and targets, the results suggest that Chinese MNEs are mainly interested in exploiting the benefits related to the innovative environment rather than in the specific knowledge of the target. Chapter 5 adopts a case-study approach to specifically explore the advantages and disadvantages of Chinese electric vehicle (EV) firms when they expand to European markets, and then suggests solutions to mitigate the disadvantages. Chinese EV firms’ competitiveness over rivals in Europe comes from maintaining the advantages accumulated in the Chinese market and overcoming potential challenges encountered in Europe. Chapter 6 extends the scope of EMNEs by involving MNEs from different emerging countries. It compares the effect of inward European foreign direct investments (FDIs) from Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRIC) on technological collaboration between Europe and individual BRIC countries and explores whether such impact varies with the innovation performance of European regions. The results are different across BRIC countries. Inward FDI from India and China is the most critical trigger to stimulate technological collaboration. Interestingly, India and Brazil are willing to collaborate with non-innovative European regions, but China is more interested in collaborating with innovative European regions. However, Russia does not contribute to technological collaboration with Europe.This thesis studies the internationalization of emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs). Chapters 2, 3, 4, and 5 focus on the case of Chinese multinational enterprises (MNEs). Chapter 2 reviews extant literature about the internationalization of Chinese MNEs published from 1985 to 2021, proposes research frameworks, and finally provides suggestions for future research attention. Chapter 3 introduces four main international business theories and analyzes how the theories are developed in explaining the internationalization process of Chinese MNEs. The four theories are the OLI (Ownership, Location, and Internalization advantages) paradigm, the Uppsala model, the LLL (Linkage-Leverage-Learning) framework, and the Springboard perspective. Chapter 4 investigates the effect of post-cross-border mergers and acquisitions (CBMAs) of short and long terms on the innovation performance of Chinese MNEs. Using a sample of CBMAs between 1997 and 2017, empirical results show that CBMAs foster the innovation performance of Chinese MNEs in the short and long terms. The significant effects keep persistent when Chinese MNEs invest in targets from different industries or located in innovative countries. Moreover, comparing the innovation level of the host country and targets, the results suggest that Chinese MNEs are mainly interested in exploiting the benefits related to the innovative environment rather than in the specific knowledge of the target. Chapter 5 adopts a case-study approach to specifically explore the advantages and disadvantages of Chinese electric vehicle (EV) firms when they expand to European markets, and then suggests solutions to mitigate the disadvantages. Chinese EV firms’ competitiveness over rivals in Europe comes from maintaining the advantages accumulated in the Chinese market and overcoming potential challenges encountered in Europe. Chapter 6 extends the scope of EMNEs by involving MNEs from different emerging countries. It compares the effect of inward European foreign direct investments (FDIs) from Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRIC) on technological collaboration between Europe and individual BRIC countries and explores whether such impact varies with the innovation performance of European regions. The results are different across BRIC countries. Inward FDI from India and China is the most critical trigger to stimulate technological collaboration. Interestingly, India and Brazil are willing to collaborate with non-innovative European regions, but China is more interested in collaborating with innovative European regions. However, Russia does not contribute to technological collaboration with Europe
Isolation of Soyasaponins I and VI from soybean by semipreparatives HPLC and characterization by mass spectrometry
No full textSaponins are triterpenoid or steroid glycosides naturally occurring in plants. Soyasaponins from soy and other legumes are the primary dietary sources of food saponins. Soyasaponins have been demonstrated to possess multiple health-promoting properties, such as lowering of cholesterol level by inhibiting its absorption, being anti-carcinogenic and antihepatotoxic, and showing anti-replicative properties against HIV [1]. According to their molecular structures, soyasaponins can be divided into two groups, i.e. A and B. Soyasaponins belonging to group A are bidesmosidic saponins having two glycosylation sites on their aglycone moiety (soyasapogenol A), while group B soyasaponins are monodesmosidic saponins having one glycosylation site on two different aglycone moieties (soyasapogenol B and E). Lentils, one of the richest and cheapest sources of vegetable proteins, mainly contain soyasaponin I, also named soyasaponin Bb, and soyasaponin VI, otherwise named g, both belonging to the soyasaponins B group [2]. Because of the difficulties to obtain authentic, high purity soyasaponin standards [3], especially evident for soyasaponin VI that is thermolabile, we started a project aiming at isolating pure soyasaponins I and VI from soybeans, followed by quantitative analysis of soyasaponin content in various Italian cultivars of lentils. Extraction and purification of saponins were performed as follows: dried and finely ground soybeans were extracted with 70% aqueous ethanol at room temperature for 3 h, then the alcoholic solution was filtered and concentrated at temperature < 30°C by a rotary evaporator. The crude extract was purified on a C18 flash-chromatographic column using acetonitrile-water as eluting mixture (gradient); the collected fractions, containing both soyasaponins, were injected in a semipreparative HPLC system equipped with a C18 column using a mixture of methanol/water (83/17), containing 0.25 % of acetic acid, as mobile phase. Each saponin was detected at its specific wavelength: 206 nm for soyasaponin I, and 292 nm for soyasaponin VI. After HPLC analysis, the pure soyasaponins I and VI were collected and their structures identified using the HPLC-ESI-IT (Ion Trap), performing MSn experiments and studying their typical fragmentations. The purified soysaponins were used as pure standards for the quantitation of saponins in various cultivars of lentils.
References
[1] L. Gu, G. Tao, W. Gu, R.L. Prior Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2002, 50, 6951-6959.
[2] R.G. Ruiz, K.R. Price, A.E. Arthur, M.E. Rose, M.J.C. Rhodes, R.G. Fenwick Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1996, 44, 1526-1530.
[3] J. Hu, S.O. Lee, S. Hendrich, P.A. Murphy Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2002, 50, 2587-2594
Isolamento delle soiasaponine I e VI dalla soia mediante HPLC semipreparativo e quantificazione del loro tenore in cultivar di lenticchie italiane.
No full textLe soiasaponine, glicosidi triterpenoidici presenti principalmente nella soia e in altri legumi, hanno dimostrato di possedere importanti proprietà salutistiche: abbassamento del livello di colesterolo per ridotto assorbimento, attività anticarcinogenica e antiepatotossica, azione anti-replicativa nei confronti del virus dell’HIV [1]. Le lenticchie, una delle fonti alimentari più ricche di proteine di origine vegetale, contengono principalmente la soiasaponina I e la soiasaponina VI [2]. A causa della difficoltà di ottenimento degli standard puri di soiasaponine, specialmente della soiasaponina VI, che è termolabile, abbiamo impostato un progetto di ricerca volto all’iniziale isolamento delle soiasaponine I e VI dai semi di soia mediante HPLC semipreparativo. Dopo l’analisi HPLC, le soiasaponine I e VI purificate sono state raccolte e le loro strutture identificate mediante spettrometria di massa (trappola ionica). Le soiasaponine pure sono state usate come standard per la quantificazione del loro contenuto in alcune cultivar di lenticchie italiane.
Bibliografia
1 Gu, L.; Tao, G.; Tao, W.; Prior, R.L., Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2002, 50, 6951-6959.
2 Ruiz, R.G.; Price, K.R.; Arthur, A.E.; Rose, M.J.C.; Rhodes, R.G., Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1996, 44, 1526-1530
Greenfield FDIs as a catalyst for technological collaborations between European regions and emerging countries
No full textThis research emphasizes the increasing role of emerging countries in the advancement of future technologies and investigates the extent to which greenfield foreign direct investments (FDIs) can represent a bridge capable of stimulating technological collaboration opportunities between European regions and emerging countries. Utilizing a balanced panel dataset spanning 15 years from 2003 to 2017 and covering 286 European regions, we conducted a study that integrated collaborative patent data and foreign investments with emerging countries. Our findings indicate that technological collaboration primarily depends on inward FDIs (from emerging countries to Europe) rather than outward FDIs (from Europe to emerging countries). Furthermore, we discovered that a mutually reinforcing process can significantly enhance this collaboration. In this context, such a process acts as a cornerstone for the European Union (EU), offering a potential solution to navigate the paradoxical pressure between the rise of protectionism in response to the imbalances and inequalities stemming from globalization and the need to promote an environment conducive to global openness, competition and innovation
Fatigue Performance of Natural and Synthetic Rattan Strips Subjected to Cyclic Tensile Loading
No full textTensile fatigue performances of selected natural rattan strips (NRSs) and synthetic rattan strips (SRSs) were evaluated by subjecting them to zero-to-maximum constant amplitude cyclic tensile loading. Experimental results indicated that a fatigue life of 25,000 cycles began at the stress level of 50% of rattan material ultimate tensile strength (UTS) value for NRSs evaluated. Rattan core strips’ fatigue life of 100,000 cycles started at the stress level of 30% of its UTS value. Rattan bast strips could start a fatigue life of 100,000 cycles at a stress level below 30% of material UTS value. SRSs didn’t reach the fatigue life of 25,000 cycles until the applied stress level reduced to 40% of material UTS value and reached the fatigue life of 100,000 cycles at the stress level of 40% of material UTS value. It was found that NRSs’ S-N curves (applied nominal stress versus log number of cycles to failure) could be approximated by S=σou(1−H×log10⋅Nf). The constant H values in the equation were 0.10 and 0.08 for bast and core materials, respectively
Tensile Properties of Natural and Synthetic Rattan Strips Used as Furniture Woven Materials
No full textThis study investigated factors on tensile properties of rattan strips commonly used as woven materials for furniture. The factors were rattan type (bast, core, synthetic), gauge length (100, 140 mm), and unit loading speed (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 mm/min/mm). Experimental results indicated that natural bast and core rattan strips, when subjected to tensile loading, behaved like synthetic rattan strips in terms of their stress-strain curves showing excessive plastic deformation. There was no significant difference in ultimate tensile strain between bast and synthetic rattan strips. Bast rattan strips had the highest ultimate tensile strength and modulus of elasticity among three materials evaluated in this study, followed by core rattan and synthetic strips. The major tensile properties of natural rattan bast strips can be influenced by their gauge length adapted to their evaluation test. Unit loading speeds, in general, had no significant effects on the major tensile properties of natural bast rattan strips but tended to significantly effect the ultimate strength of synthetic rattan strips, while less significantly for strengths at the proportional limit and yield point
The collection and processing of data from secondhand housing market: Based on dynamic monitoring system for urban property price
No full textEffects of vertical wind shear on tropical cyclone rainfall asymmetries over Northern West Pacific
No full textJiangyou xian zhi Zhangming zhi lüe. Yanting xian zhi. Shehong xian zhi. Pengxi xian zhi
No full textLithofacies paleogeography and favorable gas exploration zones of Qixia and Maokou Fms in the Sichuan Basin
No full textAbstractIn the Sichuan Basin, the Middle Permian marine carbonate rocks are important natural gas pay zones with immense exploration potential, but the facies belts and distribution situations of layered dolomite reservoirs are not clear, which hinders the progress in natural gas exploration. In view of the sedimentary background of the Sichuan Basin, field outcrop section, drilling data and seismic data were comprehensively analyzed with the favorable reservoir intervals in the framework of sequence stratigraphy as the key research units. Research results about its lithofacies paleogeography were obtained as follows. First, a gentle slope SW high and NE low was presented during the sedimentation of the Qixia Fm in the Middle Permian. In the Maokou Fm of the Middle Permian, however, a series of the N–W trending intra-platform rifts were developed in this setting, and eventually a paleogeographic pattern of NE-dipping alternative uplift and depression was evolved. Second, in the Qixia Fm, the transgressive tract was in an open platform environment and the highstand system tract evolved into a rimmed platform. And the platform margin beach in the area of Jiange–Ya'an is the favorable reservoir facies belt. And third, in the Maokou Fm, the transgressive tract was in the carbonate shelf environment and the highstand system tract evolved into a rimmed platform. And the platform margin reef flat in the area of Jiange–Ya'an and the syneclise margin beach in the area of Yanting–Guang'an are favorable reservoir facies belts. It is concluded that the two grain beach facies belts in the areas of Jiange–Ya'an and Yanting–Guang'an were the favorable zones for the large-scale development of Middle Permian layered dolomite reservoirs and they are the main target of subsequent natural gas exploration
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