382 research outputs found
FIGURE 7 in Two new species and one new record species of genus Arrenurus Dugès, 1834 (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Arrenuridae) from China
No full textFIGURE 7. Arrenurus (Arrenurus) unguiculus Zheng & Guo sp. nov., female: A = Idiosoma, dorsolateral view, B = Palp; C = I-Leg; D = IV-Leg.Published as part of Zheng, Yulin, Gu, Xinyao, Guo, Jianjun & Zhang, Runzhi, 2021, Two new species and one new record species of genus Arrenurus Dugès, 1834 (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Arrenuridae) from China, pp. 63-72 in Zootaxa 5072 (1) on page 70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5072.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/572901
Arrenurus (Arrenurus) ancoralis Zheng & Gu & Guo & Zhang 2021, sp. nov.
No full textArrenurus (Arrenurus) ancoralis Zheng & Guo sp. nov. (Figs. 1–3) Material examined: Holotype male, No. GD-AR-2002100301, stream, Dinghushan National Nature Reserve, Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province, China (23°10’N, 112°31’E; alt. 1000 m), 3-X-2002, Jianjun Guo leg. Paratype, 0/1/0, No. GD-AR-2002100302, same data as holotype. Diagnosis. D 3 on big humps and each with a small protrusion bearing D 3 gland; petiole well-developed, the median somewhat contracted and the end slightly enlarged. Ligulate process extending beyond posterior margin of petiole, and approximately triangle-shaped and nearly straight posteriorly in dorsal view. Description. Male (n=1): Idiosoma L 1126 (including petiole), W 738, L/W ratio 1.5. Anterior margin of idiosoma slightly concave. Dorsal furrow incomplete, and not reaching to the middle of the pygal lobe’s dorsum; dorsal shield W 419, anterior margin nearly round (Fig. 1B). Dorsal humps well developed, directed upward, and with a small protrusion bearing D 3 gland near the top of each. Petiole well-developed, L 114, the median somewhat narrowed, and the end slightly widened in dorsal view; ligulate process extending beyond posterior margin of petiole, approximately triangle-shaped and almost straight posteriorly (Fig. 1C). ACG medium L 156; Gb–Cx-IV, 532; Gb–Gp, 593; Gb–Ep, 845; Cx-IV posterior angles undeveloped (Fig. 1A). Inverted T-shaped cuticular structure between the glands of D 4 undeveloped, only with horizontal ridge (Fig. 1D); Ap evenly extending from Gp to the sides of the body (Fig. 1A, 1C). L of palp segments: P-1, 30; P-2, 65; P-3, 53; P-4, 97; P-5, 67; P-2 with three dorsal setae; P-3 medially with two setae near anterior margin (Fig. 1E). L of I-L-1–6: 52, 124, 133, 164, 152, 179 (Fig. 2A). L of II-L-1–6: 56, 115, 135, 147, 161, 196. L of III-L-1–6: 54, 116, 150, 180, 174, 199. L of IV-L-1–6: 144, 200, 255, 342, 129, 114. Spur of IV-L-4 more than the half length of IV-L-5. Number of swimming setae: II-L-3 3, II-L-4 7, II-L-5 6; III-L-3 8 (Fig. 2B), III-L-4 9, III-L-5 7; IV-L-3 14 (Fig. 2C), IV-L-4 16 (including five short swimming setae on the spur), IV-L-5 9 (Fig. 2D). Female (n=1): Female (n=1): Idiosoma L 1194, W 1042, L/W ratio 1.1; dorsal furrow complete; D 1 glands on the dorsal humps (Fig. 3B and C). Cx-I and Cx-II not extending beyond anterior margin of idiosoma. Medial margin of Cx-IV longer than medial margin of Cx-III. Posteromedial corner of Cx-IV rounded. Gp approximately heartshaped, L 137 and W 152 and flanked by relatively long wing shaped Ap. ACG medium L 190; Gb–Cx-IV, 495; Gb–Gp, 609; Gb–Ep, 944. Ap short, and narrow laterally towards the distal (Fig. 3A); L 137 and W 152; (Fig. 3A). L of palp segments: P-1, 17; P-2, 76; P-3, 55; P-4, 118; P-5, 57. P-2 medially with two setae near anterior margin (Fig. 3D). L of I-L-1–6: 52, 113, 156, 179, 167, 171 (Fig. 3E). L of II-L-1–6: 72, 144, 168, 197, 171, 190. L of III-L-1–6: 66, 132, 169, 173, 179, 189. L of IV-L-1–6: 120, 217, 217, 266, 194, 126. Number of swimming setae: II-L-3 3, II-L-4 8, II-L-5 7; III-L-3 8, III-L-4 9, III-L-5 7; IV-L-3 17, IV-L-4 15, IV-L-5 14 (Fig. 3F). Habitat. Pool in the stream bed with dead branches and rotten leaves. Etymology. Derived from the Latin word “ancorale” (anchor). In this new species, D 3 gland protrusion looks like an anchor. Remarks. The new species is very similar to Arrenurus (Arrenurus) cuspidator Müller, 1776 (Viets 1936) in general shape of idiosoma and petiole, but differs from the new species in the following points: (1) Dorsal humps directed upwards in the new species, but is directed towards the anterior margin of idiosoma in A. (A.) cuspidator . (2) Hyaline membrane is not obvious in the new species, but obvious in A. (A.) cuspidator. (3) Caudal humps with V 2 and V 3 are developed, beyond the posterior margin of the body in the new species, but undeveloped in A. (A.) cuspidator . (4) The humps of D4 are wider in the new species than in A. (A.) cuspidator . The new species is close to Arrenurus (Arrenurus) antalyensis Gülle, Boyaci & Gülle, 2011 (Yunus et al. 2013) collected from Turkey, but they differ from each other by the following: (1) The petiole end is slightly enlarged in the new species, but obviously enlarged in A. (A.) antalyensis. (2) Cx-I and Cx-II not extending to the anterior margin of idiosoma in the new species, but extending beyond the anterior margin of idiosoma in A. (A.) antalyensis . (3) Dorsal humps are directed upwards in the new species, while titled forwards the anterior of idiosoma in A. (A.) antalyensis. (4) The pygal lobes are well-developed in the new species, but small in A. (A.) antalyensis; (5) Ligulate process is relatively short in the new species, but elongated in A. (A.) antalyensis.Published as part of Zheng, Yulin, Gu, Xinyao, Guo, Jianjun & Zhang, Runzhi, 2021, Two new species and one new record species of genus Arrenurus Dugès, 1834 (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Arrenuridae) from China, pp. 63-72 in Zootaxa 5072 (1) on pages 65-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5072.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/572901
Alkali-catalyzed liquefaction of pinewood sawdust in ethanol/water co-solvents
No full textIn this study, pinewood sawdust was liquefied in either ethanol/water co-solvents (50/50, wt./wt.) or pure water at 300 °C for 30 min and 10 wt% of feedstock loading, with or without the use of Na2CO3 or NaOH as a catalyst. The physical and chemical properties of liquefaction products (bio-crude oil and solid residue) were comprehensively characterized by FT-IR, GC-MS, elemental, GPC and TGA analyses. The results showed that the highest biomass conversion of approx. 98% was obtained in ethanol/water mixed solvents and without catalyst, along with a maximum yield of bio-crude oil (~48 wt%). The HHV of crude oil was within the range of 26–30 MJ/kg. The results indicated that the beneficial effect of ethanol on the bio-crude oil yield might be compromised by adding Na2CO3 or NaOH into the liquefaction system under investigated reaction conditions. As suggested by GPC analysis, the bio-crude oil obtained in ethanol/water co-solvents from both non-catalytic and catalytic liquefaction contained a slightly higher molecular weight than that obtained in pure water. Additionally, TGA results indicated that the boiling point distribution of bio-crude oil was only affected by ethanol addition, whereas, the effect of the catalyst was found to be minor.Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC)MITACSGreenfield Global In
Extraction of biomolecules from microalgae
No full textMicroalgae offer great potential for producing several valuable biomolecules due to their fast growth rate, and the feasibility for large-scale production on waste resources. As the global demand for microalgae grows, several technical barriers need to be addressed before the practical implementation of microalgae-based process development becomes a reality. To this end, this chapter reviews both the vast potential of biomolecules available from microalgae and also various cell disruption and extraction methods aimed at optimizing the extraction efficiency of such molecules. Of particular importance are nutraceuticals and antioxidants, which have a growing market in the health foods sector. Moreover, the conversion of three major microalgae components (lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates) into different types of biofuels is discussed extensively. Finally, future research directions are presented.NSER
Asynchronous variations of East Asian summer monsoon, vegetation and soil formation at Yulin (North China) in the Holocene
No full textIn the East Asian monsoon region, Chinese speleothem delta O-18 records exhibit a maximum monsoon strength during the early Holocene. However, other proxy data from lakes or loess, interpreted as monsoon rainfall, show a mid-Holocene monsoon optimum. This discrepancy may come from specific climate interpretation of different proxies. Here we report multiproxy records from a single loess-palaeosol sequence at Yulin in the monsoon marginal northern China, based on an independent and high-precision chronology. Our long-chain n-alkane delta D values, together with related biomarker proxies including the average chain length and concentration of long-chain n-alkanes, reveal a weakening trend in monsoon strength and less woody vegetation since similar to 6 ka. However, other soil formation-related proxies, such as magnetic susceptibility, grain-size distribution and total organic carbon, show a decreasing trend since 4-3 ka. We find that monsoon and vegetation are controlled by insolation variation, while soil formation is more related to temperature and humidity changes. Our multiple proxy comparison reveals different controlling mechanisms leading to different interpretations in monsoon, vegetation and soil formation reconstructions. This finding suggests that previous debates on Holocene monsoon changes in East Asia probably stem from the specific proxy interpretation. (C) 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Arrenurus (Truncaturus) isikliensis Boyaci & Ozkan 2004
No full textArrenurus (Truncaturus) isikliensis Boyaci & Özkan, 2004 (Figs. 8A – F) Material examined: No. HLJ-AR-1996081901, Hulan River, Yichun City, Heilongjiang Province, China (46°54′ N, 128°11′ E; alt. 230 m), 19-VIII-1996, Daochao Jin leg. Paratype, 0/0/0, Description. Male (n=1): Idiosoma L 704 (including petiole), W 399, L/W ratio 1.8; anterior margin of idiosoma round, and wider than the posterior margin; dorsal shield W 304; distance between the eyes 152. Dorsal furrow posteriorly narrowed (Fig. 8B). D 4 on wide round humps (Fig. 8C). Cx-IV median suture lines much wider than the other coxae and posterior edges nearly straight. The tips of Cx-I and Cx-II moderately beyond the anterior margin of idiosoma (Fig. 8A). Gb approximately “U” shaped, ACG medium L 114, Gb–Cx-IV, 214; Gb–Gp, 33; Gb–Ep, 578 (Fig. 8A). Ap with five pairs of genital setae, of which two pairs located on the anterior edge near to Gp and three pairs located on the posterior edge (Fig. 8, A and C). L of palp segments: P-1, 27; P-2, 51; P-3, 49; P-4, 72; P-5, 38, P-2 with three ventral setae (Fig. 8D). L of I-L-1–6: 45, 83, 84, 120, 132, 132 (Fig. 8E); L of II-L-1–6: 38, 77, 87, 106, 114, 119; L of III-L-1–6: 43, 88, 98, 119, 127, 142; L of IV-L-1–6: 74, 133, 127, 217, 124, 143. Number of swimming setae: II-L-3 5, II-L-4 7, II-L-5 6; III-L-3 4, III-L-4 4, III-L-5 6; IV-L-3 6, IV-L-4 7 (including four short swimming setae on the spur), IV-L-5 6 (Fig. 8F). Habitat. Rivers. Remarks. The specimen from China shows general conformity with that from Turkey in the following features: Cx-IV median suture lines much wider than other coxae, posterior suture lines nearly straight, the tips of Cx-I and Cx-II moderately beyond the anterior margin of idiosoma, and the same structure of the genital area, and constitutes the first record of A. (T.) isikliensis Boyaci & Özkan, 2004 for the Chinese fauna (Boyaci & Özkan 2004). However, the two populations are slightly different in the following: (1) P-2 with three dorsal setae in the Chinese specimen, but P-2 with seven dorsal setae in the one from Turkey. (2) The number of swimming setae on IV-L is larger in the Chinese specimen than Turkish. The differences observed can be due to geographical variation. The Chinese specimen is also similar to Arrenurus (Truncaturus) viktorovi (Tuzovskij 2020) from North America. However, the main differences are in the following points: (1) The Ap is relatively long and narrow in the Chinese specimen, but the Ap is wider and round in the North American species. (2) Cauda is developed, but the petiole is not obvious in the Chinese specimen while the cauda is shorter and with a short petiole in A. (T.) viktorovi.Published as part of Zheng, Yulin, Gu, Xinyao, Guo, Jianjun & Zhang, Runzhi, 2021, Two new species and one new record species of genus Arrenurus Dugès, 1834 (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Arrenuridae) from China, pp. 63-72 in Zootaxa 5072 (1) on pages 70-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5072.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/572901
Local linear Laplacian eigenmaps: A direct extension of LLE
No full textThe local linear embedding (LLE) and Laplacian eigenmaps are two of the most popular manifold learning approaches since they can perform much faster than the other approaches. However, the LLE is sensitive to local structure and noises and the Laplacian eigenmaps, though more robust, cannot model and retain local linear structures. In this paper, a direct extension of LLE, called local linear Laplacian eigenmaps (LLLE), is proposed. Unlike the LLE, LLLE finds multiple local linear structures. Unlike the Laplacian eigenmaps, the LLLE uses P artificial neighbors to construct the adjacency graph for reconstruction. The LLLE is as efficient as the LLE and Laplacian eigenmaps. The experimental results indicate that it can model the local linear structures and is robust. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.SCI(E)[email protected]
Catalytic conversion of glycerol into hydrogen and value-added chemicals: Recent research advances
No full textIn recent decades, the use of biomass as alternative resources to produce renewable and sustainable biofuels such as biodiesel has gained attention given the situation of the progressive exhaustion of easily accessible fossil fuels, increasing environmental concerns, and a dramatically growing global population. The conventional transesterification of edible, nonedible, or waste cooking oils to produce biodiesel is always accompanied by the formation of glycerol as the by-product. Undeniably, it is essential to economically use this by-product to produce a range of valuable fuels and chemicals to ensure the sustainability of the transesterification process. Therefore, recently, glycerol has been used as a feedstock for the production of value-added H2 and chemicals. In this review, the recent advances in the catalytic conversion of glycerol to H2 and high-value chemicals are thoroughly discussed. Specifically, the activity, stability, and recyclability of the catalysts used in the steam reforming of glycerol for H2 production are covered. In addition, the behavior and performance of heterogeneous catalysts in terms of the roles of active metal and support toward the formation of acrolein, lactic acid, 1,3-propanediol, and 1,2-propanediol from glycerol are reviewed. Recommendations for future research and main conclusions are provided. Overall, this review offers guidance and directions for the sufficient and economical utilization of glycerol to generate fuels and high value chemicals, which will ultimately benefit industry, environment, and economy.Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)University of Prince Edward Islan
Panxi zhi yi /
No full textOn double leaves, oriental style, in case.[v. 1] Gu jin shi chao Gu wen sheng gao -- [v. 2-4] Zhi yi.Mode of access: Internet
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