130,483 research outputs found
Fetal propofol and dexmedetomidine exposure during elective c-section in the bitch: impact on pup viability
No full textElective C-section is a common procedure recommended in dogs at risk of dystocia(1). Anesthetics administered at surgery can cross the placenta leading to distress up to neonatal mortality(2). The study aims to determine the impact on pup viability of a new anesthetic-analgesic protocol for elective C-section in the bitch. For this purpose, propofol (PPF) and dexmedetomidine (DEX) concentrations in maternal blood, amniotic fluid and placental tissue were correlate to neonatal parameters. Nine purebred bitches (age 4,9±2,3 years; weight 39,8±10,4 kg) were induced with a combination of PPF at 2,5 mg/kg and DEX at 2 μg/kg IV and maintained with isoflurane in 100% oxygen for elective C-section. If needed, additional doses of PPF were administered to effect in order to achieve intubation of patients. DEX and PPF quantification from the different biological matrices was carried out by HPLC-MS and HPLC-FL methods. Neonatal viability at birth was assessed with a modified Apgar score(3) (AS) and birth weight recorded as well as mortality of pups within 48 hours of life. Results: A total of 54 pups was delivered, 77,80% of them recorded as vigorous by AS. Neonatal mortality was 11,1%. Lowest AS was assigned to pups from mothers receiving additional dose of PPF. AS was not influenced by birth weight of pups, nor by maternal and placental drugs concentrations. Maternal blood PPF (range 0,24-2,8- mcg/mL) and DEX (range 0,41-2,04 ng/mL), and placental PPF (range 0,24-2,57 mcg/mL) concentrations tended to decrease over time, while placental DEX (range 1,32-6,15 ng/mL) was fairly uniformly detected in pups from the same litter. DEX concentration in placenta was much higher than in maternal blood showing a greater placental retention compared with PPF. Both PPF and DEX were not detectable in amniotic fluid. Placenta resulted an effective barrier against fetal DEX exposure making this protocol safe, analgesic and advisable for elective C-section in dog.
(1) Moon PF, Erb HN, Ludders JW, et al. Perioperative Risk Factors for Puppies Delivered by Cesarean Section in the United States and Canada. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2000;36:359-68.
(2) Luna SPL, Cassu RN, Castro GB et al. Effects of four anaesthetic protocols on the neurological and cardiorespiratory variables of puppies born by caesarean section. Vet Rec 2004;154:387–89
(3) Groppetti D, Pecile A, Del Carro AP, et al. Evaluation of newborn canine viability by means of umbilical vein lactate measurement, apgar score and uterine tocodynamometry. Theriogenology 2010;74(7):1187-96
Doppler ultrasonographic evaluation of ductus venosus blood flow in 55 canine fetuses
No full textPURPOSE: The ductus venosus (DV) blood flow has been studied in fetal lambs and in humans. This study aims to describe the velocities, the Doppler indices and the morphological patterns of the venous blood flow in the DV of canine fetuses during physiological pregnancy.
METHODS: The DV of 55 canine fetuses has been evaluated and the waveforms described using B-mode, color and pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasound technology.
RESULTS: We found 48 diphasic waves and 7 threephasic waves. No monophasic waveform was found. Six of seven threephasic waveforms belonged to litters in which perinatal mortality occurred. The peak velocity during ventricular systole S (cm/s), the peak velocity during the ventricular diastole D (cm/s), the velocity during atrial contraction aV (cm/s), the S/D index, the pulsatility index (PI) and the resistance index were measured.
CONCLUSIONS: All Doppler indices and velocities were significantly correlated with each other (p0.05). Gestational age was proportional to the PI (p<0.02). Doppler ultrasonography allows the assessment of DV blood flow in canine fetuses during pregnancy
Effect of hypophysectomy and growth hormone on tryptophan and serotonin metabolism
No full textThe presented study reports data on brain serotonin (5 HT) metabolism in 2 experimental conditions which have in common a lack of pituitary growth hormone (GH) and discusses also the effect of a GH replacement therapy. In hypophysectomized female rats or genetically dwarf mice, which have a more selective deficiency of GH, brain tryptophan (TP) and 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5 HIAA) concentrations were significantly higher than in age matched controls. Brain levels of 5 HT were practically unchanged. A GH replacement therapy resulted in both hypophysectomized rats and dwarf mice in a significant reduction of brain TP and 5 HIAA concentrations. These results suggest that GH may exert an inhibitory action on 5 HT metabolism. Consonant with this view are the preliminary findings that in 7 individuals with elevated plasma GH levels for acromegaly, plasma TP levels were lower than in control subjects
Comparison of the VIDAS and IMMULITE-2000 methods for cortisol measurement in canine serum
No full textBackground: Serum cortisol concentration is often measured in dogs for the diagnosis and monitoring of adrenal disease. An enzyme-linked fluorescent assay (VIDAS method) on the MiniVidas analyzer has been validated for the measurement of cortisol concentration in human serum and could have applications for canine samples. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare canine cortisol results obtained using the VIDAS method with those obtained using the IMMULITE-2000 immunoassay, which has previously been validated for canine serum. Methods: The concentration of cortisol in 40 canine serum samples was determined concurrently with the VIDAS and IMMULITE methods, the latter as the reference method. Pearson's correlation coefficient, linear, and Deming regression analyses and Bland-Altman analysis were used to compare the 2 methods. Acceptability of the new method was judged using a medical decision chart (MEDx chart). Results: Cortisol concentrations obtained with the IMMULITE method ranged from 23.1 to 1380 nmol/L. Correlation (r =.977) and simple linear regression (slope = 1.0722, confidence interval [CI] 0.996-1.148; intercept =-4.799, CI -42.838 to 33.240) revealed no proportional or constant error. Based on Deming regression and a Bland-Altman plot the 2 methods gave comparable results. The MEDx chart indicated that performance of the new method was good at decision limits of 40, 132, and 480 nmol/L. Conclusion: Results of the VIDAS method were comparable to those of the IMMULITE-2000 reference method such that the VIDAS may be used as an alternative assay to evaluate serum cortisol concentration in dogs for the diagnosis of adrenal di
Identification of C-Kit-Positive Interstitial Cells in the Dog Lower Urinary Tract and Relationship with Smooth Muscle and Nerves. Hypotheses for a Likely Pacemaker Role.
No full textThe aim of this work was to give an evidence of the likely presence of interstitial cells in the canine lower urinary tract and to study their possible interactions with the musculature and the intramural innervation. Cryosections of normal canine bladder and urethra were immunofluorescently labelled with c-kit, a transmembrane, tyrosine kinase growth factor receptor, known to be expressed on the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) of the gut. The relationship with antiactin positive smooth muscle cells and PGP9.5-positive intramural innervation was also investigated by confocal microscopy. Anti-c-kit labelling demonstrated a network of elongated and branched c-kit positive cells, which were located in interstitial spaces, oriented in parallel to the smooth muscle bundles that form the bladder muscular layer, irrespective of dog sex. Cells with a similar localization were also PAS- and NADPH-diaphorase-positive. A contact between c-kit immunofluorescent cells and intramural innervation was demonstrated, too. The roles of interstitial cells might include regulation of smooth muscle activity of the bladder detrusor, integrating neuronal signals during urine storage and voiding
Immunolocalizzazione di INSL3 nelle cellule di Leyding fetali di cane e nel recettore LGR8 nel Gubernaculum testis
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Immunohistochemical detection of leptin and leptin receptor (ObR) in bitch ovaries at different stages of the oestrus cycle
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