1,720,971 research outputs found
Simulation software in outdoor surfaces lighting design: simplification hypothesis and effects on calculation results and rendering
No full textOutdoor lighting design software is based on many simplified hypotheses related to material reflection properties, building morphology, reflection contribution of surrounding surfaces (such as the ground, other building facades, trees, etc.) and sky (variable with atmospheric conditions). The aim of this paper is to evaluate in different conditions the above discrepancies in order to determine a work method to minimize them. These imprecision will be shown in relation to numerical and graphical output, comparing a significant set of rendering obtained with different levels of accuracy in a geometrical model construction and varying solution parameters. Solution accuracy depends on many parameters set by the designer, each of which can significantly influence the calculation. Nonetheless only some of these parameters are strictly connected with result precision, and so they deserve particular attention. The building used as a model for this paper is an important palace in Rome; software is Lightscape 3.1.1, by Lightscape Technologies Inc
Acoustic design of a long shape multipurpose and divisible hall
No full textAn huge industrial complex in Milan, constituted by many communicating buildings which cover an area of 14.000 square meters, is going to be transformed in a cultural centre dedicated to music, theatre and art expositions. The main hall is a long parallelepiped space (hall 1- dimensions: 130m x 19m x 22m) covered by a shed structure. The project previews that the hall will be divided in two “theatre style” halls (hall 2 - dimensions: 70m x 19m x 22m; hall 3 – dimensions: 50m x 19m x 22m), with sloped seating obtained by means of hydraulic platforms and, in particular conditions, like rock concerts or exhibitions the partition walls will be removed, the platforms will be led down and the hall will be used as single ambient. Hall 2 and mostly hall 1 are characterised by a very long shape, which causes problems connected with direct sound power and correct diffusion of sound density. A system of reflectors arranged over the public has been designed to reinforce the contribution of early reflections and to reduce virtually the volume of the halls in different configurations. The architectural acoustic methods have been integrated by electronic tools and a public address system, which permit to reach all listeners with a suitable dose of direct sound, elaborated in such a way as to create different virtual halls. This system allows to reach two important goal: the acoustic correction of an environment whose geometrical characteristics aren’t compatible with acoustics qualifications and an high flexibility in room use in accordance with customer requests
Strumenti per la progettazione illuminotecnica: un confronto tra software scientifici e software commerciali
No full textIl presente lavoro si propone di verificare in fase progettuale prima e di collaudo poi, l’attendibilità di alcuni programmi commerciali per la progettazione illuminotecnica di ambienti confinati, mediante l’utilizzo di software di ultima generazione, come LIGHTSCAPE 3.2 e LUMEN MICRO 2000, i cui dati di output vengono confrontati con misure sperimentali in campo ad impianto ultimato.
L’ambiente preso in esame per effettuare la comparazione tra i risultati ottenuti con i vari software è la torre di controllo di un aeroporto italiano, quindi un ambiente confinato con la classica forma pentagonale e delimitato da pareti in vetro antiriflesso inclinate rispetto alla verticale.
La norma a cui si è fatto riferimento nella progettazione è la UNI 10380:1994/A1:199
Comparison between optic and energetic performances of close diffusers and drilled plates
No full textModern luminaries use different systems in order to diffuse light, avoiding glare. The most frequently used materials are opal glass or translucent plastic as these materials exhibit the maximum degree of light scatter with the minimum amount of absorption. These materials, which are suitable for industrial applications, are not always appreciated for architectural purposes. An interesting alternative is represented by sand-blasted glass, fabrics, drilled plates with different hole shapes and dimensions.
The choice of the diffuser involves different performances connected to the following aspects: Luminance of the surface, luminaire efficiency, infrared and ultraviolet transmission. In particular in this paper we are interested to solutions that guarantee high transparency for light together with a low transmission of ultraviolet radiations and a good diffusive behaviour. That is in order to select solutions for applications in which comfort for people and conservation of materials are important. With regard to discontinuous materials, such as drilled plates, a particular attention has been dedicated to study the effect of hole shapes and dimensions on the diffuser performances. The test apparatus is composed by a dark room, 1 floodlight and numerous samples of close diffusers and drilled plates
Systems for light diffusion through transparent materials: performance indexes related to the containment of luminance and to removal of the UV component
No full textThis paper relates the results of some research, the first phase of which has been presented in a CIE Convention in 2002. The subject of the research is the study of the materials usually employed for light diffusion, in particular the commercial and exhibition applications. Altogether, the research involved different types of glass, micro-drilled metal plates, plastic materials and films. The screens have been tested in relation to their performance, in terms of: distribution of surface luminance, energetic power in the visible field, removal of energy in the UV field. The aim of the study is the identification of materials that guarantee a proper distribution of light on the surface, a high performance in the transmission of the light flow and a strong UV removal
SIMULATIONS OF TURBULENT ISOTHERMAL FREE JETS
No full textIn present work fluid-dynamic behavior of plan isotherm and axisymmetric three-dimensional turbulent air jets in free field has been developed. The study has been led by means of a fluid-dynamic numeric analysis (CFD) with particular attention to discretization type and boundary conditions influence on mathematical solution. Velocity variation along jet axis and on transversal sections has been determined; then results have been compared with data available in literature. Fluid-dynamic jets behavior has been studied with particular attention on entrainment and mutual influence among two or more jets, in accordance with their distance, with the aim of giving useful information about velocity field for ventilation plants project and construction. Mathematical model defined for two-dimensional and axisymmetric three-dimensional problems led us to good results; so in next works the methodology will be extended to three-dimensional phenomena
Un nuovo approccio metodologico al problema del controllo dei flussi dispersi: il regolamento tecnico d’attuazione della Legge della Regione Lazio 23/2000
No full textIl presente lavoro nasce dalla recente esperienza degli autori all’interno di una commissione della Regione Lazio, preposta alla redazione del regolamento tecnico d’attuazione della Legge regionale 13 Aprile 2000 n.23 in tema di inquinamento luminoso. Tale regolamento nasce in un momento in cui la legislazione regionale in materia è abbastanza diversificata ed offre una serie di spunti di riflessione. Evitando di presentare un quadro di riferimento comparativo sullo stato dell’arte in materia, per il quale si rimanda ai riferimenti bibliografici, lo scopo del presente lavoro consiste nell’evidenziare una serie di elementi metodologici innovativi su cui si basa la redazione del regolamento. Tuttavia il Regolamento Tecnico d’Attuazione rappresenta uno strumento legislativo che non consente di sviluppare e di rendere operativo integralmente quanto verrà illustrato nell’articolo, in quanto vincolato ai contenuti della Legge a cui fa riferimento, limitata peraltro ad un ambito regionale. Il lavoro apre la strada, pertanto, ad alcuni possibili sviluppi futuri e ad un quadro legislativo più ampio, da costruire nel più breve tempo possibile
Natural lighting in sacred architecture
No full textIn sacred buildings light represents deity and the luminous scenario is the manifestation of a religious symbolism that overcomes all visual comfort requests. To the different architectonic styles corresponds a peculiar lighting scenario that reflects the religious thinking. In this paper, the architectonic styles have been classified in six luminous typologies on the basis of the luminous environment realized inside sacred buildings: Full of light, Semi-darkness, Light and shadow, Full of colors, Luminous pathway and Rays of light. The aim of the paper is to provide a useful instrument during the restoration intervention for a correct interpretation of the lighting concept in sacred building
Improving the energy performance of healthcare buildings: a case study
Full text linkThe energy issue due to dependence on fossil fuels, pollution, and problems due to
climate change are closely related issues. To address them, in recent years, solutions are being
studied that provide for different methodologies that exploit alternative sources and technologies
capable of reducing the environmental impact. One of the sectors most affected by the problem
linked to environmental sustainability is the building sector, as can be read in the European
Union directive 91 of 2002: "the energy used in the residential, healthcare and service sectors,
made up for the most part of buildings, represents more than 40% of the total energy
consumption”. To reduce the environmental load due to construction, it is necessary to study the
energy performance of buildings, understand their critical issues and improve their efficiency
using systems that exploit renewable energy sources and new construction techniques. In this
study, a methodology will be developed to analyse the plant and energy characteristics of
healthcare facilities, referring to the "target" buildings of a healthcare complex of Central Italy
that will be used as a case study, highlighting all the problems and critical issues. Solutions will
be proposed to improve the energy performance of the healthcare buildings, indicating the
interventions to be implemented
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