7,952 research outputs found
Phytomyza linnaeae Griffiths
No full textPhytomyza linnaeae (Griffiths) (Fig. 192) Material examined. OREGON: Clackamas Co., Mt. Hood / Mirror Lake, 14.x.2012, em. 28.iv.2013, C.S. Eiseman, ex Linnaea borealis, #CSE370 (2♂); Douglas Co., Watson Falls, 19.x.2012, em. 28.iv.2013, C.S. Eiseman, ex Linnaea borealis, #CSE361, CNC358486, CNC358487 (2♂). Host. Caprifoliaceae: Linnaea borealis L. Leaf mine. (Fig. 192) Whitish, entirely on the upper surface; Griffiths (1974a) described it as “basically linearblotch but with initial linear channel in most cases enclosed by later feeding.” The mines we examined were entirely linear, but sometimes so contorted in the small leaves as to partially form a secondary blotch. Frass is in discrete, closely spaced black particles. Puparium. Deep yellow, formed within the mine, with its anterior spiracles projecting through the epidermis (Griffiths 1974a). Distribution. * USA: OR; Canada: AB, YT (Griffiths 1974a).Published as part of Eiseman, Charles S. & Lonsdale, Owen, 2018, New state and host records for Agromyzidae (Diptera) in the United States, with the description of thirty new species, pp. 1-156 in Zootaxa 4479 (1) on pages 76-77, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4479.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/145291
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The costs of playing free games on gambling websites
No full textOne of the most common ways to entice gamblers to play online is to make them try out games in ‘demo’, ‘practice’ or ‘free play’ mode. At one level, most would argue that playing for points rather than money is little more than innocuous fun. However, is this really the case? Dr. Mark Griffiths and Abby McCormack, of Nottingham Trent University, and Dr Jonathan Parke, of the University of Salford, examine some of the real costs of playing free online games on gambling websites
Phytomyza astotinensis Griffiths
No full textPhytomyza astotinensis Griffiths (Fig. 179) Material examined. MASSACHUSETTS: Franklin Co., Northfield, 276 Old Wendell Rd., 8.x.2013, em. 15– 26.iii.2014, C.S. Eiseman, ex Solidago canadensis var. hargeri, #CSE1005, CNC384785–384789 (1♂ 4♀); Nantucket Co., Nantucket, Squam Swamp, 12.vi.2013, em. 30.vi.2013, C.S. Eiseman, ex Solidago latissimifolia, #CSE630, CNC384813 (1♂). Tentatively identified material. MASSACHUSETTS: Nantucket Co., Nantucket, Ice Pond Lot, 26.vii.2014, em. 15–17.viii.2014, C.S. Eiseman, ex Solidago latissimifolia, #CSE1329, CNC384835, CNC384836 (2♀). Hosts. Asteraceae: Solidago canadensis L., S. gigantea Aiton (Griffiths 1976), S. * latissimifolia Mill.; adults tentatively assigned to this species were reared from S. flexicaulis L. (Spencer & Steyskal 1986). Leaf mine. (Fig. 179) Entirely linear, “ 6–12 cm long, remaining narrow (about 1.5 mm wide) terminally, formed entirely on upper surface of leaf, appearing white or greenish-white in reflected light when fresh; faeces deposited as fine particles, mostly forming short beaded strips; larvae leaving leaf through semicircular slit on upper surface before puparium formation” (Griffiths 1976). In some of the leaves we examined, the frass was mostly deposited in an erratic jumble of squiggly fragments, rarely appearing as straight strips for a very short stretch. Puparium. Black; formed outside the mine. Distribution. USA: *MA, WI?; Canada: AB (Griffiths 1976). Comments. Griffiths (1976) found larvae in Alberta in early August and late September, with adults emerging the following spring. He stated that this species seems to be univoltine, and that linear mines found on Solidago earlier in the season were caused by P. solidaginophaga Sehgal. In Massachusetts, P. solidaginophaga larvae were found in May, and those of P. astotinensis, Liriomyza eupatorii, and Ophiomyia maura were all found mining leaves of the same host simultaneously in mid-June. Phytomyza astotinensis is evidently at least bivoltine in Massachusetts, since an adult was reared in late June from a leaf mine collected in the same month, and larvae were found again in October. Females possibly representing P. astotinensis were also reared from larvae collected in late July, with adults emerging in mid-August.Published as part of Eiseman, Charles S. & Lonsdale, Owen, 2018, New state and host records for Agromyzidae (Diptera) in the United States, with the description of thirty new species, pp. 1-156 in Zootaxa 4479 (1) on page 69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4479.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/145291
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
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Betting shops and crime: is there a relationship?
No full textGambling and its link with criminal activity is an area of growing research interest. Studies from various regions worldwide have suggested an association between criminal activity and easily accessible gambling, yet, despite growth in the commercial gambling industry, relatively little is known about the nature, extent or impact of gambling-related crime. Such information is critical in the current UK climate as some gambling establishments (particularly betting shops) are prevented from getting operating licenses on the basis of police objections that they are likely to become ‘crime hotspots’. Therefore, this paper briefly overviews to what extent betting shops cause, facilitate, or attract crime. It is concluded that only two types of betting shops can realistically be associated with crime arising from problem gamblers who use their premises and with criminal behaviour occurring within or in the immediate environment of the premises itself. Although a few studies have shown associations between gambling and crime there is no empirical evidence showing that gambling venues (including betting shops) cause crime. Most of the empirical evidence concerning the relationship between crime and gambling concerns the criminal consequences of problem gambling (including those ‘addicted’ to gambling). In order to be a cause of crime, betting shops must be both a necessary and sufficient condition for the crimes in question to occur. This paper finds that they are neither
Drumheller, AB
No full textNotes - A history of the Ursaline order in Drumheller, AB from 1935 to 1985 (2 pages)Drumhelle
Validation of the 8-item Attitudes Towards Gambling Scale (ATGS-8) in a British population survey
No full textIntroduction. Public opinions concerning gambling are an important factor in shaping public policy. Little empirical attention has been given to assessing gambling attitudes within the general population. The aim of the present study is to validate the 8-item Attitudes Towards Gambling Scale (ATGS-8) in British individuals and to investigate associations of these attitudes with frequency of gambling and gambling problems. Methods. Data were derived from 7746 individuals participating in the British Gambling Prevalence Survey 2010, a comprehensive interview-based survey conducted in Great Britain between November 2009 and May 2010. Confirmatory factor analysis and separate regression analyses were applied. Results. The one-dimensional structure of the ATGS-8 was confirmed in the community sample and by gender. Furthermore, more positive attitudes towards gambling were positively related to frequency of gambling and gambling problems. Conclusions. The present study extends the previous evaluations of the scale by providing detailed evidence for the utility and usefulness of the ATGS-8 in a community sample and across gender. The ATGS-8 is a valid instrument to assess public opinion on gambling among the general population
Souvenir of Edmonton, AB
No full textBooklet - Souvenir of Edmonton - The Capital City of Alberta. Collection of photographs in a green cover tied with string, Edmonton, AB (48 pages
Stimulus localization interferes with stimulus recognition: Evidence from an attentional blink paradigm
No full textGriffiths G, Herwig A, Schneider WX. Stimulus localization interferes with stimulus recognition: Evidence from an attentional blink paradigm. Journal of Vision. 2013;13(7):1-14.Recognition of a second target (T2) can be impaired if presented within 500 ms after a first target (T1): This interference phenomenon is called the attentional blink (AB; e.g., Raymond, Shapiro, & Arnell, 1992) and can be viewed as emerging from limitations in the allocation of visual attention (VA) over time. AB tasks typically require participants to detect or identify targets based on their visual properties, i.e., pattern recognition. However, no study so far has investigated whether an AB for pattern recognition of T2 can be elicited if T1 implies a second major function of the visual system, i.e., spatial computations. Therefore, we tested in two experiments whether localization of a peripherally presented dot (T1) interferes with the identification of a trailing centrally presented letter T2. For Experiment 1, T2 performance increased with onset asynchrony of both targets in single-task (only report letter) and dual-task conditions. Besides this task-independent T2 deficit, task-dependent interference (difference between single- and dual-task conditions) was observed in Experiment 2, when T1 was followed by location distractors. Overall, our results indicate that limitations in the allocation of VA over time (i.e., an AB) can also be found if T1 requires localization while T2 requires the standard pattern recognition task. The results are interpreted on the basis of a common temporal attentional mechanism for pattern recognition and spatial computations
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