5,235 research outputs found
Development of Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Model for People with Type 2 Diabetes in Oman
No full textType 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases globally, with worldwide prevalence of 8.3%. Due to its long-lasting nature and high risk of complications, the burden of type 2 DM is expected to rise. Patients with type 2 DM have an estimated two-to-six fold higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to the general population. Moreover, CVD is considered the leading cause of morbidity and premature mortality in type 2 diabetic patients.
CVD risk assessment tools in general are mathematical models or charts used to estimate the risk of a CVD event in an individual. CVD risk estimation is important to plan the initiation of preventive and therapeutic measures for CVD prevention including anti-lipid, anti-hypertensive and anti-platelet
therapies, as well as to plan appropriate health education. Various professional guidelines for the management of type 2 DM have advocated the use of CVD risk assessment tools to estimate CVD risk among type 2 diabetic patients using traditional CVD risk factors such as hypertension (HTN),
dyslipidemia, high glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), albuminuria, obesity, smoking status, and family history of CVD. However, most of the existing CVD risk assessment tools were derived from Western populations, with very few developed for East Asian populations.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)School of Medical ScienceGriffith HealthFull Tex
Evaluation of cognitive-behavioral therapy-based intervention on type 2 diabetes patients with comorbid metabolic syndrome - a randomized controlled trial
No full textBackground:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common type of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its prevalence in China has increased rapidly. Poor control of DM leads to a series of complications, which seriously impair patients' quality of life. Importantly, the proportion of T2DM patients who meet the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome (MS) is very high. The coexistence of the two diseases increases DM complications and the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Individuals that have T2DM and MS experience a higher incidence of depression and anxiety symptoms than the general population. These negative emotions create obstacles in effectively managing blood glucose levels. In addition, T2DM and MS patients commonly display suboptimal self-care behaviors, which can be attributed to negative emotions, insufficient knowledge about diabetes, or cognitive biases linked to the disease.
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) aims to change the non-adaptive cognitions and behaviors of patients by developing therapeutic alliances, psychological education, cognitive reconstruction, and behavioral activation. Previous studies have applied it to the prevention and treatment of DM and MS and found positive effects. However, there have been few studies on the coexistence of two or more conditions. To address this gap, this study aimed to conduct a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to explore the effectiveness of CBT on the improvement of health outcomes in T2DM patients who have comorbid MS. This study represents the pioneering effort to explore the effectiveness of CBT in diabetes patients with coexisting MS. Additionally, the innovative integration of both face-to-face and remote intervention methods adds a novel dimension to this research. Furthermore, the study encompasses a diverse array of health outcome, including physiological indicators, psychological indicators, behavioral indicators, quality of life, and sleep quality.
Aims:
This study had three primary objectives: (1) to evaluate the effectiveness of CBT in improving health outcomes for patients who have diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart disease (CHD) using existing published studies, (2) to use baseline data to identify the variables that may be related to emotions, behaviors, and cognition in patients who have T2DM and comorbid MS to design targeted CBT intervention programs for the cohort of patients who have T2DM and comorbid MS, and (3) to investigate the impact of the CBT intervention program designed for this study on physiological, psychological, and behavioral indicators as well as its influence on sleep quality and the overall quality of life of patients who have T2DM and comorbid MS.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)School of Medicine & DentistryGriffith HealthFull Tex
Understanding the Contribution of Situation Awareness to Decision Making by Medical/Surgical Nurses for Pressure Injury Prevention in Nursing Practice
No full textSituation awareness (SA) has been developed in occupations other than nursing to improve decision making (DM) for optimal performance and outcomes. There are some studies exploring the use of situation awareness by nurses in simulated settings but few have examined SA in clinical practice. Because of this paucity of evidence nurses’ use of situation awareness in practice is not fully understood.
Studies examining decision making by nurses have indicated that clinical decisions arising from a lack of awareness of patient needs in busy, complex clinical environments can compromise care. In ward environments, compromised care often results in the omission of ‘basic’ nursing interventions which may include pressure injury prevention. This thesis explored the use of situation awareness by nurses in medical/surgical wards as the precursor to decision making and the influences on situation awareness whilst making pressure injury prevention decisions in practice.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)School of Nursing and MidwiferyGriffith HealthFull Tex
Nitrogen Cycling in Leucaena Alley Cropping
No full textField experiments were conducted on an Alfisol in the semi-arid tropics of northern Australia to investigate nitrogen (N) cycling in the leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) alley cropping system. This is a farming system in which maize (Zea mays L.) is grown in alleys formed by leucaena hedgerows spaced 4.5 metres apart. Mineralization of N from Ieucaena (prunings) and maize residues was studied under field conditions. Response of maize growth to addition of N fertilizer and plant residues was evaluated both in field plot and microplot experiments. The fate of fertilizer N and leucaena N was examined over four consecutive seasons. The decomposition (loss of mass) of dry, cut 15N-labelled leucaena residues differed from that of intact fresh leucaena prunings in the first cropping season although no difference was detected after one year. At the end of one cropping season, 3 months after application, 58-72% of 15N-labelled leucaena had decomposed compared to only 34-36% of fresh leucaena prunings. Similar trends occurred at 20 and 52 days after application. The extent of decomposition of fresh leucaena prunings (28-33%) was similar at two loading rates (2.4 and 4.7 t DM ha -1) by 3 months after addition. About 72% of young 15N labled maize residues was decomposed by 3 months after addition in the presence of fresh leucaena prunings. Decomposition of 15N-labelled leucaena residues and unlabelled fresh prunings was 91% and 88% respectively 14 months after addition. After 2 years the corresponding values were 96% and 94%. When N content of the recovered residues was taken into account, the values were 95% and 94% after 14 months, and the same (97%) after 2 years. Maize yield and N uptake were significantly increased following addition of either unlabelled fresh leucaena residues or 15N-labelled thy Ieucaena residues. Application of N ferilizer produced a thither increase in the presence of the residues. The maize yield and N uptake with the 15N-labelled leucaena were not different from those with the unlabelled residues. There was a significant positive interaction between N fertilizer and leucaena prunings which increased maize production. Addition of maize residues decreased the yield and N uptake of maize compared with that obtained in the presence of N fertilizer at 40 kg N ha~1 and leucaena residues (2.4 t DM ha-1). There was a marked residual benefit of N fertilizer applied in the first season at 36 kgN hat in the presence of leucaena prunings on the second maize crop yield and N uptake, but not on the third crop. However, a significant residual benefit of leucaena prunings added in the first season was found in DM yield and N uptake of the second and third maize crop. The short-term fate of 15N applied in plant residues was examined during two separate cropping seasons. By 20 days after application of separate 15N-labelled leucaena leaves, stems and petioles, 3-9% of the added 15N could be found in maize plants, 33-49% was in surface residues, 36-48% in the 2 m soil proffle and 0.3-22% unaccounted for. In a separate experiment when leucaena components were not separated, 5% of 15N applied in leucaena residues was taken up by maize 52 days after addition, 45% was in residues, 25% was in soil and 25% was unaccounted for. Jn another experiment, maize recovered 6% of added leucaena 15N after 2 months, 39% remained in residues, 28% was in soil and 27% was not recovered. Incorporation of 15N-labelled leucaena residues in the soil did not increase recoveiy of leucaena 15N by maize compared with placement of the residues on the soil surface. By the end of one cropping season (3 months after application), 9% of added 15N was recovered by maize from 15N-labelled leucaena. There was a similar 15N recoveiy from 15N-labelled maize residues applied as mulch at 1.7 t DM ha1 together with unlabelled leucaena prunings at 2.4 t DM ha ~. In both cases, 30-32% of added 15N was detected in soil, 28% in residues, and 31-34% apparently lost. The short-term fate of fertilizer 15N was different from that of 15N added in plant residues. In a 52-day experiment, maize recovered 65-79% of fertilizer 15N applied at low rates (6.1 and 12.2 kg N ha -1) in the presence of leucaena prunings, 21-34% was present in soil, and less than 1% was not recovered. By 2 months after application, recoveiy of fertilizer 15N by maize was 41% from N fertilizer added at 80 kg N ha -1, 35% from N fertilizer at 40 kg N ha -1 in the presence of leucaena prunings, and 24% from N fertilizer at 40 kg N ha -1 in the presence of maize residues and leucaena prunings. The corresponding deficits (unaccounted-for 15N) were 37%, 38% and 47% respectively. A small but significant amount of the fertilizer 15N was present in the unlabelled leucaena residues (3%) and in the mixture of unlabelled leucaena and maize residues (7%) present on the soil surface. However, application of the plant residues did not affect recoveiy of the fertilizer 15N in soil (21-24%). When N fertilizer was applied at 40 kg N hi1 in the presence of leucaena prunings, 43% of fertilizer 15N was recovered by maize at the end of cropping season, 20% in soil, 2% in residues, and 35% unaccounted for. The long-term fate of fertilizer 15N was compared with that of leucaena 15N in an experiment over four cropping seasons. In the first season, maize tops recovered 50% of the fertilizer 15N but only 4% of the leucaena 15N. In the second, third and fourth seasons, maize (tops + roots) recovered 0.7%, 0.4% and 0.3% of the initial fertilizer 15N compared with 2.6%, 1.8% and 1.4% of the initial leucaena 15N. In the second, third and fourth seasons, recovery of the initial fertilizer 15N (12-14%) in soil was much lower than that of the initial leucaena 15N (38-40%). There was no further loss of the fertilizer 15N after the first season. However, the cumulative 15N deficit for the leucaena 1N in the first two seasons was 50%--thissuggested an additional loss of 23% since the end of the first season. There was no further loss of 15N from either residual fertilizer 15N or residual leucaena 15N in the third and fourth seasons. In conclusion, application of leucaena prunings could substantially increase maize yield and N uptake although some supplementary N fertilizer may be required to achieve maximum crop yield. Maize recovered only a small amount of added leucaena N in the first year. Most of the leucaena residue N was present in the soil and remaining residues after one season. This residue N would be gradually available for plant uptake by subsequent crops. Of course, annual additions of leucaena prunings would appreciably increase the pool of available N over time. Thus, application of leucaena prunings could substantially improve soil fertility in the long term.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)Division of Australian Environmental StudiesFull Tex
Ledger pages, circa 1881-1900, part 1
No full textLedger pages, circa 1881-1900 (Ledger pages are from a ledger with a broken binding, in two parts with some loose pages; cover and some pages are missing.)Ledger includes entries by multiple individuals on different topics, but appears to have been primarily compiled by Marion P. (M. P.) Griffith in his capacity as a notary public, church elder, and Postmaster of McDowell, Missouri.[Page 1]
887
Oct 1st Bot condition Powder 50
Bot [lixxxx] 50
[Pxx] [Pxxx] fine silk 55
{xhxx] 5
[xxxxx] + collar
2 Pin shove 75
1 Bot bone + nen 50
[Kxxxxx] + [xat] 20
shall + fire crackers 25
[xxxxx] Pomers
daughter age 18
single physical
strength good
2[x] Jess [Wilxxx]
[xxx] 18 years single
Jan 26 LH Morphis Dr
[xx] [xx] [pxx] [xxxxx] 20
1 bot red [xxxxx] ink 10
2 Stamped Envelops 5
29 [Remxxxed] for [xx] [bxxxxx] 82
Direct us office [xxxxxx]
Rent of office to Morphis 1 00
Feb 5" [xx] Letter Paper 15
1 50
[xxxx] [xxxx] Feb 9"
1889 No 19827
[hoxx] + [xxxxx]ents
[xxxxx] [xx] 12 00/100 to the order
of [lx] + W B King
one draft to elemant
for 6
[Rexxxtted] 7 N. Elmer 3 25
[oday] Barry [xolm]
April 13 M.B. Webb paid 1 00
for [cassbill] [Dunoxx]
17 [Endoud] [xxx] Ray for Webb 00
in case of MB [Wxxx]
24 S B Rainey to [Bxx] US [xxxx] 20
June 18 R hall to Bx [Pixx] 20
22 Ed. Jackson [xx] cords 15
Will Dyer Do [collax] .5
ch 12" Read of MP [xxxxxxxx]
The M [x] Webb 1.00 for the
[end of page torn]
[Page 3]
1888
Post [xxxxx] Supplies
[Bxxxined] of [xxxxx]
Nov 17 to one 2 e Stamp 2
" 24 " 4 " " 8
" " " 54 Stamps 1 0 8
" " " 18 1 " 1 8
" " " 25 2 Envelope 5 4
" " " 25 Cords 2 5
" " " 25 wafers 2 8
" 27 26-10 Stamps 2 6 0
cancelations of 1/4 5 1 1
ending Dec 31 88
1261-1/3 = 4 2 0
Balder 9 1
1889
Jan 3 Stamps
" 4 23-20 Stamps 4 6
" 23 one [Bxxxxx] Small 5 4
" " 25 cards 2 5
jine 30 With US Ended hand 13 22
Mail Rout No 28769
By a man an Lee deed in common form duty
exanted and aknowledged and in the mean
time shall permit said mason [Phullith] to
[xxxxx] and [xxxxx] said premises for his
own [me] then this obligation shall be said
in witness where of the said parties of the few
part have [herexxx] set there hand and [hole in letter]
this 21st day of feb [ax]1896 [xxxxx] 7 Bradshaw
[xxxxx] 6 Brawshaw
J T Allcock [Nx] signed sealed + delivered
[Bxxx] [xxx] [xx] [xxxxx] of E R [axxxxxxx]
a [xxxx]
[Page 4]
W
Frank [Roblyer]
[Coxxxxed] [meh] 10 1889
+ Paid in advance 1 50
April 13 7 [Roblyer] paid 1 50
[Bu] [oab] [xxxttled] 35
1889 [xoox] plate 35
May 13 By each [xxxxxx] 80
june 13 Do 1 50
Aug By order of HC Hutchens
[xxxx] settled 13 00
+ paid to Aug 13"90
Sept 27 Settled for HC Hutchens 2 00
[Rxed] by [caxx] 25
[xxxxx] {Roblyer}
1889
Sept 29 7 {Roblyer] [remooved]
1889
Oct 17 Paid WB [exxxith] 2 25
1890
April 1st [Rent] B7 [burros] per month 1 50
Jun 1890 23 Dr Burrow remooved
July 11 Reid of MP [xxxith] 5 75
[x.B.][xx] Donald
[Page 5]
5 [Woo] of fil [xx] null
pay 25 00
Capt [Pexxer]
[Calipa] [Po]
[Meloopen] Co [xll]
[xxxx] Boat Lexington
Navy [sevxne]
[Missxxi] & [grxdson]
Jes P. Griffith [Seamon]
Dear [sie]
a big snow in
[Page 8]
Expenses on house
1889
mch 23 hinges
JB Me Donald Bought nails 2 45
2 sashes 1 60
HC Hutchens [xxxxxxed] 4 05
mch 11 1889+worked 10 days 10 00
[J.O.] Hutchens " 7 days 7 00
total 17 00
caried 4 05
J.J.Griffith bot nails 25 21. 05
+ M.P. Griffith 25
Carried
April 3rd [xxxx] work by [xxxxx] 1 00
July 20 1893
Josh H Johnson Co K 47t [xx]
[xxxx] [xlainant] and his witnesses tist
-fied on he 10th July 1893 as follows
Sam L Johnson + Henry M [Sxxx] of
Heary Lumber + 2 50
20 Plank 5 ft to the plank 1 75
by each 5 15
1 00
3. 15
Mill Bill 4 20
200 ft [xxxxxxx] 2 00
[xxxxxx] by D 2 20[75 written below]
5 45
May 7 1889 Bot of RS Burnett [xxx]
5 3/4 [xxx] + +paid 25
" 29 " Wrote [xxx] [xxxx]
in case of jess B McDonald
May Bot of W C Davenport
[xxxxxxx] 1 42
Do 50+28. Total 3 20
[Page 9]
1889
May 16 [xxxx] [xxxx]
J.W. H
May 1889 15 B.F. Slate [Coxxxemed] 1 50
Pen mouth
Halling by State 1 00
[Hasxxxtzys] 1 00
+ halling loggs 25
June 15 Settlement shows
Dr to Slate 75
June .9. BF Slate to work 37 1/2
1 12 1/2
" 16 [Rexxmed] home fromm
Jan taylor Contracted fee 725 Dm hagles
" " By cash 50
mr Eli Hannahs
[xxxxxhers] paid 2 28[line through 2 28]
Bal due 2 00
R M Hagles wheat 1/2 97 1/2
Sept 26 [Reed] of office stamps [xx] 57
Boys [setxxned] 13 Sept
A D 1889
" 27 mrs [DxxxxitB] + Pills 20
" " C K Bynum Do 20
Sept 1889 29 F. Roblyer remooved
oct 15 Paid R M hagles 2 50
Balance due 3.78
Oct 26 on settlement with a long 6 75
paid cash 5
oct R M hagles shop work 1 00
29 Reed of [xxxxx] 3 00
us F receipt & [xxxx] 5 00
Remitted Oct 18" 89
[Page 13]
1889 J B McDonald [Coxxxxed]
Smith work total 3 05
June 1st 1889 settled [xx] to July 1st
balance due McDonald
2 show 1 60
Nails 2 45
+ Paid on shop up
to July 1st in [xxxxxxx] 1 00
Home rent Paid to July
1st 1889 1 50
June 1st 1889 on Settlement due
McDonald 1 551
M P Griffith
J B McDonald
July 3d on settlement for all
rent + shop work to date
full settlement to one
+ months rent in advance 2 50
Shop work to [xxxxx] 50+ 1 00
Aug 3d Settlement for slate 1 00
[marked out] paid cash [xxxxx] 60
To Aug 3d 1889 2 60
shop work 205 +
all settled + paid
to [xxxx] 3d 1889
Oct 26 Settled + [xxxx] 2 50
Nov 1889 3d 2 sashes + windows 1 50
shop work on wagon 30
[xxxx] + 250 [xx] Plank 1 75
earned Hinges + [xxxxx] 50
5 25
[Page 14]
May 29 1889 Lumber for Building note
1st lot 2x4 348
2d 333
18 Peices 2x4 10 ft 123
18 " 2x4 10 " 192
36 " 2x4 12 " 188
40 " 2x6 18 " 720
2 " 1x4 16 " 10 2/3
2 " 1x4 14 9 1/3
Sheeting 700 ft
June 3d S B [Remin] 1
June 3 House in Building
" " [J S] [Kimman] 1 125
" 4 " 1
" " H C Hutchens 1
" 1889 5 [kimman] 1
" Hutchens 1
6 [Kimman] 1
" Hutchens 1
7 J S [Kimman] 1
Hutchens 1
[Ramer] 1
McDonald 1/2
Sat 8 J S [Kimman] 1
" S K [Rainy] 1
[Page 15]
[Manage] of [WaCamon]
Camon ti [xxxx] [peten]
Jan 8 1881 [xxxxxxxxxx] by [xxx] Lee
+ [xxxxxx] by [xxxxx]
[xxxxxx] Feb 20 1871
June 10 [Kimman] 1
11 [Kimman] 1
11 Hutchens 1
12 [Kimman] 1
Hutchens 1
J S [Kimman]
total work on home 13 1/2
Po Botes all total 15 1/2
J S [Kimman] 125 9 15 1/2
15 1/2
625
125
5.30
Nov 1889 2d The [Coxxxxion] 33 1/2 [xxx]
[Reeliced] of MP Griffith
1/2 Dos small [xxx] bottles
[sahation] oil
1/2 dog bots pills
the [medxxxx] to be sold
on commission or
returned when called
for 16 2/3 at alloved for
[xxx] agt as a [xxxx]
[xxxxx]
[xxx xxxxxxx]
March 3rd [xxxx][xx] by quill 25
Report to L D Balfow
Sept 1st 1890
12 bot liver pills
6 " " "
17 Bottles salvation out large
14 " " " small
W D [xxeenanay] July 8 1889
6 Bottles salvation oil small
6 bottles pill + made one payment
[Page 18]
1884 [Balfours]
In [xxxx] with LD Balfour
July 9 Bal on Medicine
" " By Cash
" " [medxxx]
Aug 1889 Reed of Dr LD Balfow
learthage [mx]
48 Bot Salvation oil
Large sige Pr bot " 33 1/3
Small sige " " " 15
Paid & bought 30th
Total Balnc 12 "
12 Bots liver Pills 12 1/2
15th " S Balfour
Aug 19 [Dxxxxxr]
Aug 31 By Cash
Dec 1889 returned Peg Pills
Jan 3d [xx] S.D. Balfour order
Dec 1889 31 3 Bots Salvation oil [xxxx]
for [Wxx][Lixxx]
+ other things not charged
" Home hire Lodging [xxxxxx]
Dinner + feeding 2 homes
for SD Balfour + Wife
and credit for smal [chaxx]
Aug 1890 15 on hands [xx] Balfours medicine
20 Bts liver Pills
30 " Salvation oil large
24 " small
Dec 15th 91 [xxxx] [xxxx]
account [xxx] [haxxxx]
Also
Also
[Page 19]
Book Account
3 00
1 10
Stack 10 Boxes Pile 1 00
[xxchade] No 1
East of old [xxhade] commencing
East of Spring branch [xxxxing] Nx
South
1 york [xxnpexxx] 3 05
2 jonathan 1 34
3d Ben Davis 57
[xxchade] No.2 58
Planted E + West
Beginning at lot gate 1 00
1 [Baxxxxx] 1. 05
2 Mammoth Black Twig 1 04
No 3 S.W. comes
Planted N + S up + down
the hill
1 [xinkles] . 88
2 [Gxxxnes] Golden . 66
3d[xxxxx] Ben Davis 1 58
Planted Spring 1893
13 Peaches 500 [Foxxxer]+
and 500 Crawford
400 Buded in tree
and 50 apple trees
Little field East
LD Balfour Cathage [xxx]
13 Bottles salvation oil 33 1/3
13 [Baxxx] [xxxx] M.P. Griffith 12 1/2
[xxxx] 12.40
By L.D.Balfour
[Page 20]
1889 E [x] [Cxthxxth] [xx]
Sept 17 by yoke 5
" 19 tobbacco 25
" 20 " coffee 50
" 26 " stamps [xx] 60
" 27 " Spelling book 25
Oct 1 " [xxx] handle 20
" " " Stamp 2
" " " leather 15
2 02
Oct 3 Dr to Repets 2 00
" 4 by coffee 50
" 15 " tobbacco 25
" 15 " coffee 50
" 17 " sugar 15
" 26 " coal oil 20
1 60
Nov 3 to Rents 350
" " Baldue MP 1 90
" 4 " goods to Larkin 50
" 5 " crackers 5
" 11 " tobbacco 15
" " " coffee 50
" 18 " Balance on floor 5
" 22 " coal oil 20
" 23 " nails 5
" 26 " coffee 50
" 29 " tobbacco 25
2 25
Dec 3 to Rents 3.50[190 written below 3.50 on same line]
5.40[225 written below 5.40 on same line]
3 15
3 Bal due M.P. 3 15
Settled
[Page 21]
E. G. Griffith cr
Dec 5 by nails 10
" H door La Tohes 40
" 11 coal ail 20
" 14 Nails 33
" 18 5
" 19 Boards 75
" 20 coffee 50
" 22 one hat 40
" 24 salt 95
" 25 [frinto] 45 [xxxx] 60
" 29 flour 55
" coffee 50
Jan 2 coal aid 20
" 3 crackers 5
608
" 3 to Rents 350
315-258 258
Jan 3 Baldue M P 5-7
" 4 coferas 5 Tol 15 20
" " good to reeves girl 65
" 10 Svgar 6 Cks 5 10
" " Shirting 30 Towel 10 40
" " ging haws 20
" 17 coffee 25
" 1st Stamps 1 00
" 21 tol 10
" 22 coffee 50
" 27 Haper 5
Feb 3 3 45
cred by Pieutn 3 50
350
57
407
345
62
" " Baldive M.P. 67
" " Settled in Full
[Page 22]
Rental
1889
Oct 1st R W JWen [Commcsed] 1 50
28 Nov .. .. owens removed out
1890
Jany 9th Shans rent
To Feb 9th E G GutGrsnth 1 50
By J M Donald Dr
Feb 1890 9th Jo
Mch 27th omitting day of enlesing 2 25
& leaving
1890
April 1st Dr &. B. Bnrros a 1 50
May 1st 1 50
June 1st 1 50
Read by [eaxx] 1.00
Treatment 450
July 7th Read By each 4.75
Treatment 4.50
2.5
1890
Dept 3rd Settled to date Dne G paid 25
JB [Bxxxxx] MP [xxxxxxxx]
[Page 23]
1889
Nov 3rd J.B M Donald settled
1889 all bills & accounts np
Jany 3rd settled mp to
Feb 3rd for all rents 2 50
Balance due MP Paid oo
Jul 3 settled shop bill
& rents up to
Mch 3 2 50
1890
April 3d shop bill up to date 1 70
all shop work and
all hours rents settled
To May 3d 1890 melndsing Mch & april
settled to may 3rd Total 85.00
Due [xxxxxx]
May 20 Reed of M Donald each 25
all smit work 85
M Donald a 1. 10
June 1890 Rents settled 2. 50
me [xxxxxx] 1. 40
July 1890 3d Shop bill to date 1. 85
Rents up to august 3d
Griffith Dr for pelrod 1. 50
& sittled all rents up to
Sept 1890 3d all aeets settled
up to July 3d 1890 Due 75
Garried from page 7.
Bill shop repairs
Glrbbo and [xxxx] 3.25
Rafters & [xxxxxx] 2.80
Friday to and 1000
& 25 for ballniy 2. 75
Nails [xxxxxxx] 1. 75
W D Griffith balling 30
1.0 80
[The following section is written vertically in the bottom left corner]
Axxted up to Sept
3d + due on shop
bills 15cts billed
xxx Griffith 135
on rent to Oct 3d 90
[Page 24]
12 20 1889
R 8 [Bwrnitl] Dr 1 75
Jan 8th [Or] D {Jeriffith] Dr 1 Bottle oil 25
Dec 21 W.D. Griffith large oil 50
[jj] griffith 1 [Bxx] oil 50
S B Raney Bot Pills 20
W D Griffith 2 Botls saluation oil 50
Went to [Bailies] 4" Jany 1890
Returned home from Bailies
Saturday 18" day of Jany
A D 1890
O A Griffith commenced
[xxeling] The maid
Jany 13 Monday rode down Creek 90
" 14 Went to Lenova 90
" 15 Down the Creek 90
Friday 17 Down the Creek 90
Sat
Sunday 2 trips [Chined 25 paid Due 1
Jany 20 Down to the Creek Mail 90
June 29 [Verover] 50 50
W 22 Down THe Creek Mail 90
Friday 24 " " " 90
1890 27 " " " 90
Wednesday 29 " " " 90
Friday 31 " " " 90
25 its out
May 10 down creek by 99 O 50
" 10 or by cg 75 its by
qnill cash Paid
Simled with JJ for the 50th
With [qnill] apple trees 50
June Reed of Pa Moolk 4
Reed 1 H MS [griffin] am
15 RU a 35 5 25
Red of P [Axxxx] 4 00
[Page 25]
Shoal Creek
Barry Co mo
Dec 23 1889
7th a greement by and [leteveen]
Ruffers Aoverton elamant eniel
M P Griffith representation as a
greed by the malesngneed I Rufss
Howerton will give figgy Per cent
to The said Griffith and the
attorney in Pwre ention DG and all
expense Paid by them and nothing
of loot
Rerles Howerton
87 88 89 90 91
July 1886 26 C J Griffith left home.
"
Aug 20th 1890 o a Griffith
Left home
Chao. J. Griffith
come HOme Dec 16th
1891
O.A. Griffith
Come Home Dec" 23rd 1891
61
25
86
[Page 26]
E C Culburth cr
Feb 4 by coffee 50
" 18 " coffee 50
" 22 " one for shoes 35
" 23 " tobacco 10
" 28 " coal oil 20
' Balon Shops of Soee 50
Mar 3 Creed by [xxxx] 3 15
" Cred by Bent 2 00
Boil Due E C S 1 15
7 Nails 15
9 tol 5
10 coffee 50 candy 3 53
18 Rope 5
21 one Bot 10
27 Balaneson shoes 35
29 Nails 20 Tol 10 30
30 coffee 50
318
Apr 2 to cash 35
3 to Rents 283/200
Baldve [xxxxxx] 83
4 Tol 10
9 Coffee 50
14 svgor Riel 25
17 Tol 5
11 to mse of Horse 1 73/25
18 rope 1 48/20
19 coffee 50
22 to cash 218/25
26 by coal ail 193/20
29 Stamps 10
May 2 one shovel plow 30
253
by rent 200
Bldve E C C 53
[Page 27]
1890
Mch 18 Delivered to D C Walker
56 apple trees 2
6 A Dyer " " 2 60
selveiter Wood
Moh 12 Delivered W D Griffith
Apple Trees
7" S Jeots Apple Trees
D Walker "
Moh 9th Old white cove [foned]
dead by J Hall north
a small sigs Tree felt on
neok Was [xxx]& fed sunday
Mch 6
Hundred by quill [Xxrday]
Mch 8th & J hunted one day
and on the eleventh saturday quill
Mas Everything the cove when
Hall informed him
Moh 12 Reel of BR Brown
9 2 et Stamps 18th
[Jnay] 39 Roght of H C Dnmnit
1 Wagon Rieed 1 16 00
& due 5 months from date
June 21 Ried of Ed [xxxxxxx] 10
& P 25 for Bot sal oil
[Page 28]
James Roden
Joil 14 Commemed a 1 50
Halling
July 1890 14 Removed
April 21 By east to J Roden 30
22 on elaim 30 ets 00
[xxxxx] oil 50 25
May 22 Red 10 Its in stamps by 2
June 6 Work by Jas & Naney Roden
Bill & Ligs 75
9 Jas Roden to each 25
Bal [xxx] on [xents] 50
July 1st
Jas Roden aeet
Agst 1890 11 Work by Jas Roden
Zo Ligs & Son 2 85
Junly 3 Per Hasness 5 00
50 [xx] slot Griffith Dr 56
25 [xxxx] Do 60
Work by Bild 6 days 9 1/2
a 40 ets Per day 2 60
Jas Roden removed
Dr 1 1/2 a eve land 1 25
[Page 29]
E. C. Culburth
1890
May 5 By Aocount By Ford 50
" " " coffee 50
" 10 " one for Pants 1 50
" " " " shirt 60
" 12 " tol 10
" 19 " coffee 50
" " " Rafe 10
" 21 " tol 10
" 26 " sail 5
" 27 " Bal on corn 50
" 29 " Tol 10
" 31 " coffee 50
5 08
Jun3 3 to Rent 2 00
Bal [xxx] E G 3 08
" " by Nails 20
May 31 " 1 By shoes 90
June 7 " 1 hat 25
" 9 5 Balts 13
" 11 " 2 Shovel plown 50
" " " 2 plow handles 30
" " " coffee 50
" " "1 shovel plow 40
" 16 " 5 Bolts 13
" 19 " tobbacoo 10
" " " sigar 15
" 20 " coffee 50
" 21 coal oil 20
July 2 " 1 wash Board 15
749
3 to rent 200
Baldue Ego 550
" 10 cred by casts 559
000
[Page 30]
890
hy 2 WS SevN Dr Wagon Bed 1.50
35 Peach Trees 70
5 apple Trees 25
Total 2 45
8 Dr. Pelrved 3'14 acres 1 50
Paid by McDonald
July 23 93 Busheh Wheat 3 75
Cash Paid 2 00
July 165 Paid 1 75
GW Bemett Dr 2 Lu Wheat
Owen Mills Dr Do
Frank Jauksm 2 Bushells Paid
6 Dyer 4 Bushels wheat
July 25 Jim Glask 1. 1/9 wheat
W D Griffith 3 Bushells wheat
31 Eduiards 1 1/2
Bu wheat
J Bennett 2
Bu wheat
Mc Neely 2 sark
G Burmnett 1 Bot
salvation out large 50
Oct 7 & 1 Bu Wheat 85
Aug 21 Reed A 7: Jakson 1 75
on the JJ Griffith acot
Sept 12 W D Griffith Dr
20 Out lot salout 50
Oct 8 S Scott delievered 1174
Boards
[Page 31]
Sept 22nd 90
Recud of L G&M P Griffith
Sunday Lodging 1.50 ou
The fast lot of pills fight by
LF [Allxxxx] [xxx] Dr. Wood
Jake Reiglen
Bal [xxx] on same soe Agt
W L Martin note ang 22 1889
13.50 Ngned [Pxxx[ Allovok
Paid 7.11 [xxxx] 91 5
Jany 891 28th JJ Griffith note l.
S Saml may&Aug 1891 25&30
Sept 16 1891 Lease coulrast by& [xxxxxxxx]
[allsut] Johnson& J W Shepherd
HR Keith agt
Agent for L. Ge. Lines
april 9th 9 amonths
1891 War Hontor Mote 35.00
2nd note 12 months 35.00
May 16 Paid J.M Martant 21 50
on Po Boid
and 1 Bull Sealf Bosuled
april 21 1896
and [xxxxx] Sot
[XX]
[Page 32]
1890 E. Culburth cr
July 5 By Tol 20
coffee 50
7 and Book 25
16 coffee 50
18 sheeting 50
Balon Lye 5
Balon Broom 15
22 Sugar 25
Spoons 13
Knives & Forks 50
1/2 Set cups&[xxx]25
one Baker 10
to cash 20C 3 38-20
24 By coffee 3 18
25 Tol 50/10
27 Shaviug Soap 10
28 Starch 10
29 sheeting 83
30 Tol 10
31 By cash 5. 491-5
Aug 1 to 486
Tea 10 Nappie 10 20
Oil Cloth 75
Rice 10
Oil 20
2 1 pr shoes 1 35
1 well Bucket 40
coffee 50
836
3 to Rent 200
Baldng Ell 635
1.05 355
16 50 281
Sept 3 Rent 200 Due EC
3.55
[Page 33]
Oct 3 Account Ford 281
to Rent 200
By cash 81 81
Settled to Date
28 Bal on plow [xxx] 15
Tol 10
Nov 25
3 to Rent 200
Bal due M.P. 175
21 By Coffee 75
22 tol 10
25 Dnk 5
[xxx] 1 tol 5
95
3 to Rent 80
Due M P 200/280
Coffee 50
5 Salt 40 Tol 10 50
13 Tol 10
15 Nails 35
Oil 20
16 Coffee 50
20 Nails 10
25 Coffee 30
20 Coffee 25
280
Jan 3 to Rent Due Mp 200
M P And L g Griffith
Chicken nerves [xxxxxx]
Nora L A Griffith
[xxx] JJ
PG
UD
GL
[Page 34]
1890
J.B. McDonald
The role of the intracellular inhibitor of periplasmic UDP-sugar hydrolase (5'-nucleotidase) in Escherichia coli: cytoplasmic localisation of 5'-nucleotidase is conditionally lethal.
No full textGriffith Sciences, Griffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryNo Full Tex
Advancing knowledge of factors affecting the personalisation of airway clearance in bronchiectasis
No full textBronchiectasis is a chronic and progressive lung disease associated with cough, sputum, and respiratory infection. The increasing burden on healthcare systems has led to renewed interest in clinical trials and developing therapies for this patient population. Airway clearance techniques (ACTs) are recommended as an integral part of management to facilitate secretion removal, improve symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Guidelines recommend that ACTs should be personalised to improve outcomes. Our understanding about ACTs in bronchiectasis however remains limited. Currently there are no definitive guidelines on the optimal prescription of ACTs. Personalised prescription appears to be dependent upon clinical expertise, local training, and workplace culture. Significant knowledge gaps exist in literature regarding optimisation of ACTs for individuals with bronchiectasis. The overarching aim of this thesis was to enhance the personalised prescription of ACTs in bronchiectasis. Four studies were completed. The first study commenced at the airway clearance device itself and the properties of different commonly prescribed devices. The second study summarised outcome measures used in ACT studies and the final two studies examined separately the patient and physiotherapist perspectives of ACTs.
Positive expiratory pressure (PEP) devices are a type of ACT device widely used in clinical settings. The comparative performance characteristics of these devices remain unknown. Study One (Chapter Three) was an experimental bench study which compared the performance characteristics (mean PEP, peak PEP, amplitude PEP and oscillation frequency) of six different PEP devices by varying resistance and flow. Results showed the performance characteristics of the devices differed across flows and resistance settings. Some commonly used devices (e.g. Acapella Choice, Acapella DH, Aerobika and Pari PEP S) were flow-dependent, whilst the performance characteristics of other devices (e.g. Acapella DM and Flutter) were independent of flow. Varying flow or resistance typically maintained or increased the production of mean, peak, and amplitude PEP and oscillation frequency. The clinical implications of the small but significant differences in performance characteristics of these PEP devices requires further investigation. Whilst ACTs are recommended for individuals with bronchiectasis, many trials have demonstrated inconsistent benefits or failed to reach their primary outcome. The narrative review of Study Two (Chapter Four) documented the most common clinical and patient-related outcome measures used to evaluate the efficacy of ACTs in bronchiectasis. The review included 27 published studies and 1 abstract. The most common clinical outcome measures were sputum volume (n = 23), lung function (n = 17) and pulse oximetry (n = 9). The most common patient-related outcomes were HRQOL (St George Respiratory Questionnaire, n = 4), cough-related quality of life (QOL) (Leicester Cough Questionnaire, n = 4) and dyspnoea (Borg / modified Borg scale, n = 8). This review highlighted the large heterogeneity in outcome measures used in ACT trials to date and recommended guidance on standardising the most important clinical and patient-related outcome measures for this patient population. With standardised outcome measures in place, the efficacy of different interventions can be compared leading to improved personalisation of ACTs in bronchiectasis.
Even though ACTs are recommended in bronchiectasis, data suggests the use of and adherence to ACTs is poor. Study Three (Chapter Five) identified patient perceptions regarding ACTs, the barriers and facilitators of ACTs, and factors affecting adherence. A multi-centre qualitative study using in-depth semi-structured interviews of 24 individuals with bronchiectasis was undertaken. The main facilitators of using ACTs included a perceived health and QOL benefit, a tailored approach to ACTs and the use of self-management strategies. Main barriers to ACTs included lack of time and motivation, a lack of access to resources and, surprisingly, a lack of perceived health benefit. Several suggestions were also made that may help promote adherence including combining and trialling different ACTs, receiving regular ACT reviews and education from physiotherapists, and having good social support.
Taking another perspective, Study Four (Chapter Six) examined physiotherapist perceptions of ACTs in both inpatients and outpatients with bronchiectasis. This was a single-centre qualitative study that used in-depth semi-structured interviews with eleven physiotherapists who treated individuals with bronchiectasis. The study revealed that physiotherapists regularly and routinely prescribe ACTs for inpatients and outpatients with bronchiectasis, however the clinical decision-making regarding optimal ACT prescription was regarded as complex. Main themes influencing ACT prescription included organisational factors (workload, scope of service, access to resources / ACTs, financial burden of ACT); patient-related factors (symptom severity, finances, disease-specific knowledge, social commitments, timing of ACT, clinical setting, perceived benefit, and motivation); and physiotherapist / profession-related factors (clinical experience, access to professional support and education, awareness of evidence of ACTs and evaluating ACT effectiveness).
In summary, the work presented in this thesis serves to refine the prescription of ACTs for bronchiectasis. There are different ACT devices prescribed by clinicians that have different performance characteristics. Due consideration of these performance characteristics needs to be given when prescribing ACTs. The marked heterogeneity of study designs and outcome measures used to evaluate ACTs in bronchiectasis has made the interpretation of different ACT intervention studies difficult. There is a need for standardisation of outcome measures for ACTs that will enable future intervention studies to be more comparable. Individuals with bronchiectasis and physiotherapists prescribing ACTs describe multiple factors that may impact upon adherence to ACTs. For patients, these barriers and facilitators centre on improving HRQOL. For the prescribing physiotherapist, airway clearance centres on the complexity of the patient and intervention.
The results from the four studies in this doctoral program should be considered by physiotherapists to assist the personalised prescription of ACTs with the ultimate outcome of improving adherence and HRQOL for individuals with bronchiectasis.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)School of Health Sci & Soc WrkGriffith HealthFull Tex
Ligand-centered 1H and 13C electron-nuclear dipolar relaxation in a Ni(II) complex. Breakdown of the Solomon-Bloembergen equation
No full textGriffith Sciences, School of Natural SciencesNo Full Tex
Primary production and nutrients in a tropical macrotidal estuary, Darwin Harbour, Australia
No full textGriffith Sciences, Griffith School of EnvironmentNo Full Tex
The cryptic ushA gene (ushAc) in natural isolates of Salmonella enterica (serotype Typhimurium) has been inactivated by a single missense mutation.
No full textGriffith Sciences, Griffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryNo Full Tex
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