1,720,989 research outputs found
Comparative Oral+ENT Biology
No full textComparative Oral+ENT Biology is designed for a semester-long course taken by undergraduate students who are preparing for careers in dentistry, medicine, veterinary, audiology, speech pathology or evolutionary biology. It explores the mouth, ears, nose and throat of humans and animals discussing their evolution, development, function, and some common clinical issues. The text provides a broad background through an integrative and organismal perspective. It crosses the boundaries of disciplines, anatomical regions and professions to present structures and mechanisms within an evolutionary context. This textbook is richly illustrated with images made available at Wikimedia Commons. It contains materials from and links to several sources of Open Education Resources.https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/open-textbooks/1003/thumbnail.jp
Human Anatomy
No full textWelcome to Human Anatomy, a resource designed for a semester-long course aimed at preparing undergraduate students for health-related programs. This book is derived from Human Anatomy and Physiology by OpenStax College. The source materials were created with several goals in mind: accessibility, customization, and student engagement—helping students reach high levels of academic scholarship. Instructors and students alike will find that this textbook offers a thorough introduction to the content in an accessible format.https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/open-textbooks/1000/thumbnail.jp
The Evolution of Complexity in Communication
No full textThe origin of elaborate traits is a major question in evolutionary biology. Complex ornaments are frequently found in association with courtship and are used for communication with potential mates. The lecture will present the issue in its simplest form, in which animals that perform courtship using one sound start using a second one. By examining the forces that drive the evolution of the courtship call we will identify processes that lead to added complexity. We will then explore the applicability of such concepts to other organisms
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Mechanism, behavior and evolution of calling in four North American treefrogs
Full text linktextAcoustic communication in frogs is an important model system for the study of
behavioral evolution in vertebrates. This study aimed to extend the current model on the
mechanism of calling in frogs in order to strengthen the bridge between behavioral and
physiological knowledge in the field. The limits and tradeoffs of sound production by the
passive larynx were examined with artificial laryngeal activation, the pressure-volume
relations of the vocal sac and the lungs were determined by inflation, and a comparison of
acoustic output was made through laryngeal activation between calling with the mouth
open or the mouth closed. The pressure differential across the passive larynx of the four
species in this study showed a positive linear correlation with sound amplitude, frequency
and airflow. The species examined maximize the intensity of their advertisement calls at
the potential cost of producing high frequency calls. These findings indicate that the
frequency structure of treefrog advertisement calls might be constrained by the structure
of the larynx and selection for producing intense calls. During inflation, air pressure in
the vocal sac and in the lungs had a negligible increase at low volumes, and increased
exponentially otherwise. Pressure-volume curves and direct measurement showed that the
vocal sac can deflate passively, reinflating the lungs. Interspecific differences indicate
that the elasticity of the vocal sac might evolve to match calling rates. The vocal sac
radiated most of the energy in the call and its tuning matched the dominant frequency of
natural calls. The acoustic radiation system allowed frogs to produce more intense and
better tuned calls with the mouth closed than with the mouth open. Inflation of the lungs
by buccal pumping is probably too slow to support the repetition rate of natural
advertisement calls. Both selection for intense calls or fast call rate could be important for
the maintenance of the behavior of calling with the mouth closed. This study illustrates
that, while selection for call traits can produce evolution of the calling apparatus,
functional relations in call production can bias trait evolution.Biological Sciences, School o
Neuromuscular control of the calling apparatus in the túngara frog (Engystomops pustulosus)
No full textMost frogs produce simple, repetitive mating calls but male túngara frogs have a complex “whine-chuck” mating call. The whine is a frequency sweep that is used for species recognition, while the chuck is a repeated pulse that enhances the call’s attractiveness to females. The mechanism behind the facultative second component of the call, the “chuck” involves vibrating a pair of laryngeal fibrous masses that are attached to the vocal cords. The muscular control of this mechanism has not yet been explained, however. Previous studies in our lab have produced anatomical and electrophysiological evidence that the deep dilator muscle could be responsible for positioning the fibrous masses for chuck production
What\u27s My Research? with Fernanda Oda and Marcos Gridi-Papp
No full textPlease join us on Thursday, February 20th, from noon to 1 pm in the Yosemite Classroom (1st floor of the Library) for “What’s My Research?” featuring Dr. Fernanda Oda (Psychology) and Dr. Marcos Gridi-Papp (Biological Sciences).
Dr. Oda’s research centers on studying human behavior, social and biased behavior to promote social justice, diversity, equity, and inclusion.
Dr. Gridi-Papp will present on the exploration of novel physiological mechanisms using nature as reference. He will discuss undergraduate research and the significance of a finding, by his students, that the mating calls of a male frog can induce egg laying in isolated females
The role of a novel muscle in the larynx of the túngara frog (Engystomops pustulosus)
No full textSimple behaviors facilitate the study of the evolution of complex traits by making changes easily detectable. Like humans, frogs vocalize by forcing pulmonary air through the larynx, where two vocal cords vibrate passively to produce sound. Unlike humans, however, frogs lack muscles inside the laryngeal cavity and their four known laryngeal muscles are external to the arytenoid cartilages. Most frogs produce simple repetitive mating calls but túngara frogs can add a facultative second sound that involves vibrating a pair of laryngeal fibrous masses
What\u27s My Research? with Fernanda Oda and Marcos Gridi-Papp
No full textPlease join us on Thursday, February 20th, from noon to 1 pm in the Yosemite Classroom (1st floor of the Library) for “What’s My Research?” featuring Dr. Fernanda Oda (Psychology) and Dr. Marcos Gridi-Papp (Biological Sciences).
Dr. Oda’s research centers on studying human behavior, social and biased behavior to promote social justice, diversity, equity, and inclusion.
Dr. Gridi-Papp will present on the exploration of novel physiological mechanisms using nature as reference. He will discuss undergraduate research and the significance of a finding, by his students, that the mating calls of a male frog can induce egg laying in isolated females
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