155 research outputs found
Croatian historiography about Požega and the Požega county in the High and Late Middle Ages
Get PDFU radu autor prikazuje dostignuća hrvatske historiografije posljednjih
stotinjak godina o srednjovjekovnoj povijesti Požege i Požeške županije. Prateći literaturu u dijakronijskoj perspektivi, autor je grupirao radove u tri cjeline: one nastale do kraja Drugog svjetskog rata (1945.), zatim one u socijalističkom razdoblju (1945-1990) te konačno radove o srednjovjekovnoj povijesti Požege i Požeške županije od osamostaljenja Hrvatske do danas. Pri tome je pokušao pokazati i naglasiti metodološke postavke pojedinih autora, kao i specifične značajke pristupa unutar svakog od pojedinih razdoblja. Na kraju teksta autor daje i neke prijedloge za napredak u istraživanjima požeškog srednjovjekovlja.In this paper the author made an overview of the Croatian historiography during the last century on the Town and County of Požega in the Middle Ages. Following the literature in the diachronic perspective, he grouped the various books and articles into three groups: firstly, those that were written till the end of the World War II, secondly, the ones from the socialist period (1945-1990), and finally those that were written after 1990. The author focused his attention on the methodological concepts of various authors and some specific features of each of the above-mentioned periods in historiography.
In the conclusion the author gave several suggestions how to make a step forward in the research on medieval Požega
The Noble Kindred of Deževići from Cernik in the Late Middle Ages
Get PDFU radu je autor, na temelju izvorne građe iz Mađarskoga državnog arhiva u Budimpešti i relevantne literature, analizirao društvenu ulogu i položaj plemićkoga roda Deževića Cerničkih u kasnom srednjem vijeku na području Požeške županije i u Ugarsko-Hrvatskom Kraljevstvu. Izvornu građu tvore kasniji prijepisi ukupno 111 isprava, datiranih od 1363. do 1536. godine. Analiza je pokazala da se gotovo bez iznimke radilo o posjedovnim spisima. Posjedovanje zemlje te kontinuitet društvene i gospodarske uloge zemljoposjednika bile su ključne i najvažnije kategorije u osiguranju njihova društvenog položaja. Može se zaključiti da je rod Deževića Cerničkih u kasnom srednjem vijeku bio jedan od najvažnijih plemićkih rodova na području Požeške županije i savsko-dravskog međurječja. Najistaknutiji pojedinci među Deževićima u drugoj polovici 15. i prvoj četvrtini 16. stoljeća postupno su se izdigli iz srednjega plemstva u velikaše. Dužnosti koje su obnašali u kraljevskom i županijskom aparatu vlasti i crkvi te prihodi i novčane kapitale koje su stjecali ili kojima su raspolagali, a što je sve višekratno potkrijepljeno u izvorima, to potvrđuju. Društveno uzdizanje bilo je popraćeno i na pravnoj (sudske i istražne ovlasti, sajmene povlastice) i na simboličkoj razini (nov grb i štit). Time je na samom kraju srednjega vijeka dovršeno i zaokruženo oblikovanje Cerničkih u nov, važan čimbenik moći u Ugarsko-Hrvatskom Kraljevstvu.In this paper, the author analyzed the social role and position of the noble kindred of Deževići (Dessefy) from Cernik in the Late Middle Ages, on the territory of the Požega (Pozsega) County in the Hungarian-Croatian Kingdom. This analysis is based on the documents from the Hungarian State Archives in Budapest and on the relevant literature. The sources are later transcripts of 111 charters, dating from 1363 to 1536. The analysis showed that they were to a large extent documents about their possessions and landed estates. Therefore, one might conclude that the continuity of their social and economic roles as landlords was the key issue in securing their overall social status. Deževići were one of the most important noble kindreds in the region between the Drava and the Sava rivers at the time. The most distinguished individuals among them managed, at the end of the 15th and the beginning of the 16th centuries, to gradually rise on the social scale from the ranks of the middling nobility to becoming true magnates. The duties they performed in the local and central administration and in the church, as well as their income and huge capital frequently mentioned in the sources, confirm the above-mentioned assumption. Deževići completed their rise even on the judicial and on the symbolical level, rounding up the process of becoming a new and important factor of power in the late medieval Hungarian- Croatian Kingdom
AN APPRAISAL OF THE OPINIONS OF THE RECENT CROATIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY CONCERNING CAUSES, LEADERSHIP AND PROGRAMME OF THE GREAT PEASANT REBELLION 1572–3.
Get PDFIn this paper the author gives a review of the opinions of the recent Croatian historiography concerning causes, leadership and programme of the great peasant rebellion in Croatia 1572–3. Beside that, the author gives a critical appraisal of the above ideas, and he gives several suggestions how to explain some questione which may arose certain doubts
An example of selective memory:the Croatian medieval rulers in the names of the streets and squares of the most important Croatian cities
Get PDFU ovom radu autor analizira jedan primjer selektivnog pamćenja, povezan s prevladavajućim
nacionalnim ideologijama u Hrvatskoj u 20. stoljeću te s kolektivnim nacionalnim
imaginarijem suvremene hrvatske države. Studija je obuhvatila komparativnu
analizu nazivlja ulica i trgova deset prema broju stanovnika najvećih hrvatskih
gradova. Istražena je prisutnost srednjovjekovnih hrvatskih i ugarsko-hrvatskih vladara
i vladarica u nazivlju ulica i trgova spomenutih gradova, od Višeslava, Borne
i Ljudevita Posavskog (prva polovica 9. stoljeća) do Ludovika II. Jagelovića (1516.-
1526.). U obzir je uzeto trenutno stanje, a za analizu su korišteni popis stanovništva
RH iz 2001. te planovi hrvatskih gradova, objavljeni na Internetu. Dobiveni rezultati
međusobno su uspoređeni na nekoliko razina: učestalost pojavljivanja, geografska
distribucija nazivlja, lokalne specifičnosti te usporedba nazivlja s vladarima iz vremena
narodne dinastije s nazivljem s vladarima iz razdoblja Ugarsko-Hrvatskoga
Kraljevstva. Polazna, radna hipoteza istraživanja jest da u nazivlju ulica i trgova najvećih
hrvatskih gradova uvjerljivo prevladavaju vladari takozvane narodne dinastije,
a da vladara iz vremena zajedničke države s Ugarskom u nazivima ulica ima vrlo
malo ili ih gotovo i nema, što je analizom i potvrđeno. To je posljedica, prema svemu
sudeći, sustavnih, višedesetljetnih političkih i ideologijskih intervencija u javni prostor,
koje po svom predznaku nipošto nisu bile jednoznačne.In this paper the author is analyzing an example of selective memory, closely linked
with the dominant national ideologies of 20th century Croatia, and with the collective
national imagery of the contemporary Croatian state. This case study contains
a comparative analysis of street and square names in ten of the largest Croatian cities.
An investigation was undertaken into the presence of Croatian and Hungarian-
Croatian kings and queens from the first half of the 9th century to the year 1526 in
the names of streets and squares of the above-mentioned localities. The status quo
was taken into account, and as a tool of analysis, the population census of Croatia
from the year 2001 and the maps of Croatian cities were analysed, all sourced from
the internet. The results obtained through such analysis were compared on various
levels: firstly the frequency of names, secondly the geographical distribution of
names, thirdly the local particularities and lastly a comparison between frequency
of names of the early medieval Croatian rulers and the later Hungarian-Croatian
kings and queens. The initial hypothesis was that there is a huge predominance of
streets and squares named after the Croatian early medieval rulers, and that the rulers
from the Hungarian-Croatian kingdom are seldom, if at all, ever mentioned.
The results of our analysis completely confirmed this initial hypothesis. One could
suppose that such a fact could best be explained as a consequence of decades of systematic
political and ideological interventions in the public spaces of Croatian cities
that were, by no means, uniform and of the same ideological and political inspiration
The Castles of Eastern Slavonia : An Overview of the Archeological Research on Castles in the Counties of Osijek-Baranja and Vukovar-Srijem
No full textU Osječko-baranjskoj i Vukovarsko-srijemskoj županiji možemo zabilježiti pet utvrda na kojima su vršena arheološka iskopavanja. To su Kolođvar, Erdut, Ilok, Virgrad te Zvizdan-grad. S obzirom na veličinu područja i njegovu važnost u kasnom srednjem vijeku, riječ je o iznimno malom broju iskopavanja. S druge strane, ostale vrste arheoloških istraživanja, prvenstveno terenski pregledi, donijeli su informacije o puno različitih utvrda na ovome području. Također, historiografija je ostvarila puno znanja o utvrdama, njihovoj brojnosti, vlasnicima, pripadajućim posjedima i dr. Uzmemo li u obzir rezultate historiografskih istraživanja, brojnost utvrda i važnost informacija koje su iskopavane utvrde pružile, teško je shvatiti zašto je arheološka neistraženost utvrda u istočnoj Slavoniji na tako nezavidno visokoj razini. Terenski pregledi svjedoče velikoj graditeljskog aktivnosti, odnosno napučenosti promatranog prostora utvrdama u kasnom srednjem vijeku. Dok je samo 5 utvrda arheološki iskopavano, barem 38 njih obuhvaćeno je nekom drugom vrstom arheološkog istraživanja. Ta su istraživanja, za razliku od iskopavanja, donijela samo neke podatke o obuhvaćenim utvrdama, ali su omogućila poznavanje većeg broja njih. Potrebno je adekvatno iskoristiti i uključiti u znanstveni diskurs sve dostupno znanje o utvrdama, neovisno o vrsti arheološkog istraživanja kojom je ostvarenoIn the counties of Osijek-Baranja and Vukovar-Srijem, we can note five castles where archaeological excavations were carried out. These are Kolođvar, Erdut, Ilok, Virgrad and Zvizdan-grad. Considering the size of the area and its importance in the late Middle Ages, this is an extremely small number of excavations. On the other hand, other types of archaeological research, primarily field surveys, presented information about many different castles in this area. Historiography has also provided a lot of knowledge about castles, their number, owners, estates and more. If we consider the results of historiographical research, the number of castles and the importance of the information provided by those which were excavated, it is difficult to understand why are archaeologically unexplored castles in Eastern Slavonia at such an unenviably high level. Field surveys testify to the great construction activity and density of the fortifications in the observed area in the late Middle Ages. While only 5 castles have been archaeologically excavated, at least 38 of them have been included in some other type of archaeological research. In contrast to the excavations, these researches have provided a small set of information about the castles, but have also made it possible to recognize a larger number of them. It is necessary to use and include all available knowledge about castles in the scientific discourse, no matter the type of archaeological research that provided it
Koprivnica’s Position and Treatment by Central Government during the Reign of King Mathias Korvin (1458. - 1490.)
Get PDFOdnos središnje vlasti i grada Koprivnice za vladavine Matijaša Korvina, prema sačuvanim izvornim podacima, u najvećem dijelu odgovara u historiografiji već apostrofiranim odnosima kralja prema gradovima i njihovim stanovnicima. U početku je kralj, motiviran traženjem saveznika krune, potaknuo emancipaciju grada od velikaških vlasti Celjskih i njihovih nasljednika. Kasnije, u već promijenjenim okolnostima, kralj je dao potporu susjednom plemstvu u interesnom sporu s građanima Koprivnice (primjer Turnera i posjeda Mogovine). Konačno je Korvin, nedovoljno zainteresiran za njegovu društvenu promociju i doživljavajući ga prema svemu sudeći nedovoljno važnim u sklopu vlastite unutarnje i vanjske politike, grad Koprivnicu prepustio novoj velikaškoj eliti, sinovima bana Ernuszta. Kao velikaški grad, Koprivnica je i ušla i izišla iz Korvinova doba. Jedina promjena bila je ta što je nakon starih etabliranih velikaša došla u ruke novih kraljevih miljenika nižega podrijetla. Prema svemu sudeći, Koprivnica nije tijekom Korvinove vladavine, bilo pod kraljevom ili pod vlašću Ernuszta, doživjela značajnije društvene i gospodarske promjene niti je njen status unutar Slavonije i cjeline kraljevstva poboljšan. Što zbog objektivnih ograničenja dostignutog stupnja društvenog razvoja u Ugarsko-Hrvatskom Kraljevstvu, što zbog kraljeve subjektivne inertnosti, i na primjeru Koprivnice vidi se da gradovi za Korvina većinom nisu uspjeli prevladati nametnuta im ograničenja. To će, u koprivničkom slučaju, ostati zadatak za daleku budućnost. Korvinovo doba možemo stoga zaključno označiti razdobljem neiskorištenih koprivničkih mogućnosti.According to the preserved original historiography sources, the central government’s attitude and treatment of Koprivnica was in major part similar to the overall king’s treatment of burgs and their inhabitants. In the beginning, the king, being motivated to seek allies for the crown, had encouraged emancipation and independence of burgs and towns from the nobility of Celje and their successors. Later on, in already changed circumstances, the king supported local nobility in their interest dispute with Koprivnica citizens (for example, Turner and Mogrovina estates). Finally the king Korvin left Koprivnica in the hands of newly emerging nobility, the sons of vice-roy Ernuszt, as he was lacking interest in Koprivnica’ establishment and considered the town unimportant to his own interior and exterior policies. Even after the reign of King Korvin had passed, Koprivnica still remained in the hands of nobility. The only change was that after a period of being governed by the old established nobility, it now ended up in the hands of the the king’s new favourites of lesser heritage. Judging by all available data, Koprivnica was not better off, nor it underwent any significant social or economic growth during the reigns of king Mathias Korvin and Ernuszt nobility. Neither the town’s own status was improved a bit within the kingdom, or the province of Slavonnia. Due to some objective facts, like already reached limits in social development within Croato-Hungarian kingdom, and king’s own subjective lack of enthusiasm and inertia, Koprivnica was an example of burgs and towns suffering under the imposed limits and restrictions under the reign of Mathias Korvin, failing to overcome them. In Koprivnica’s case, it was a task, yet to be achieved, in a distant future. This is why we can, in conclusion, name the Korvin’s era as one of unused opportunities and potentials for Koprivnica
Modruš između kneževa Frankapana, Osmanlija i kraljevskih vlasti, 1458–1526.
Get PDFU radu se, temeljem uvida u relevantnu literaturu i izvore, pokušalo rekonstruirati ulogu i važnost Modruša u sklopu odnosa najmoćnije kasnosrednjovjekovne hrvatske velikaške obitelji Frankapana, poglavito kneževa Stjepana i sina mu Bernardina, sa središnjim vlastima u Budimu. Obrađeno je razdoblje vladavine posljednje trojice ugarsko–hrvatskih kraljeva, Matijaša Korvina (1458–1490), Vladislava II. Jagelovića (1490–1516) i Ludovika II. Jagelovića (1516–1526). Pozornost se posvetila i ulozi Osmanlija na modruškom području u promatranom razdoblju.The golden age of Modruš occurred in the late middle ages when the town’s role and significance surpassed the local and regional borders. At the same time, the last decades of the Middle Ages also marked the beginning of difficulties and crises which at the end of the period largely reduced the significance the town had had and paved the way for itsmarginalisation. It was exactly inModruš that the Frankopan princes convened in 1449 and divided all their estates among the brothers, resulting in eight territorial branches of the princely family. According to the division, Modruš and Tržan belonged to Prince Stjepan Frankopan. He was in the beginning one of the closest allies of the newly elected king Matthias Corvinus. Prince Stjepan succeeded in obtaining the permission to move the seat of the diocese of Krbava from Udbine to Modruš under the excuse of insecurity due to the Ottoman invasions and looting. The period from 1460 to 1463 witnessed the culmination of power of Prince Stjepan, as well as the power and importance of the very Modruš. The Ottoman invasion of medieval Bosnia in 1463 marked the beginning of growing difficulties and the decline of both Modruš and the princes of Modruš. The pressure by the central regal authority alongside the increasingly devastating Ottoman incursions lead to a situation in which the Frankopans were from the 1480s increasingly reduced to just another family in a long line of aristocratic families who lost their privileged position they had enjoyed. After the death of Matthias Corvinus and Vladislav II Jegolović’s ascent to power in 1490, the central authorities considerably weakened and the Ottoman incursions and devastation intensified. Prince Bernardin, Stjepan’s son, left almost completely destroyed Modruš in 1524 and moved its seat to Ogulin, a town which had shortly before been renovated and enlarged. It was the beginning of the end. Ever since then Modruš has not succeeded in regaining the significance and role it had in the late middle ages
Archdeaconry of Požega in the Middle Ages
No full textSrednjovjekovni Požeški arhiđakonat bio je crkveno-teritorijalna jedinica Pečuške biskupije koji se nalazio otprilike na području današnje Požeške biskupije. Obuhvaćao je područje od sjeverozapadnih vrhova Papuka i Psunja do Našica na istoku i rijeke Save na jugu. Sjedište ove crkveno-teritorijalne jedinice bilo je u današnjem selu Kaptol, sjeverno od Požege. Zborni kaptol sv. Petra bio je vjerodostojno mjesto (locus credibilis), a iz vremena srednjega vijeka sačuvane su brojne isprave vezane uz rad tog kaptola i arhiđakonata.
Temeljni cilj diplomskog rada je definirati crkvenopravno stanje na području administrativne cjeline Požeškog arhiđakonata. Isprave koje je izdavao požeški Zborni kaptol sv. Petra od velike su važnosti i na njima se temeljilo ovo istraživanje, a pomoću njih opisan je ukratko i sam Kaptol. Pomoću popisa crkvene desetine iz 1332., 1333., 1334. i 1335. popisane su i ubicirane župe i crkve unutar arhiđakonata. Također je razmatrano i koji su crkveni redovi prisutni na području županije i arhiđakonata.The medieval archdeaconry of Požega was a church-territorial unit of the diocese of Pécs, which was approximately located in the area of today's Požega diocese. It covered the area from the northwestern peaks of Papuk and Psunj to Našice in the east and the Sava River in the south. The seat of this church-territorial unit was in the present-day village of Kaptol, north of Požega. Chapter of Saint Peter was also a locus credibilis, and numerous documents related to the work of this chapter and archdeaconry have been preserved from the Middle Ages.
The basic goal of the diploma thesis defines the church law situation in the area of the administrative unit of the Požega Archdeaconry. It was described with the help of available sources and relevant literature. With the help of the list of church tithes from 1332., 1333., 1334. and 1335, the parishes and churches within the archdeaconries were listed and located, and their dense distribution was noticed. Požega chapter was also considered, as well as the church orders that are present in the area of the county and the archdeaconry
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