1,721,064 research outputs found
Cynical hostility and the metabolic syndrome: A case-control study
Full text linkBackground: Evidence suggests that metabolic syndrome and hostility are independent risk factors for the development of coronary heart disease. Recently, the combined effect of metabolic syndrome and hostility has shown to predict the incidence of myocardial infarction. This study tested whether cynical hostility was associated with the metabolic syndrome in a sample of Italian adults. Methods: 992 subjects participated in the study. Among them, 546 participants were classified as having metabolic syndrome and 446 as controls, not having any of the risk factors that constitute the metabolic syndrome. Cynicism, the cognitive component of hostility, was measured with a self-report questionnaire derived from the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale. Metabolic syndrome was based on having the following risk factors: obesity, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and elevated arterial blood pressure. Results: The cross-sectional association of cynical hostility with metabolic syndrome was statistically significant (p <0.0001). Hostility was also associated with age (p <0.0001) and educational level (p <0.02). Predictors of having metabolic syndrome were higher cynicism (O.R. 1.12), older age (O.R. 1.39), and lower educational level (O.R. 1.05). Conclusions: The results highlight the potential importance of intervention on psychological factors (i.e. hostility) to prevent coronary heart disease
Is a single-item measure of self-rated mental health useful from a clinimetric perspective?
Full text linkN.A
L'intervento del clown nei contesti di cura: ricerca e valutazione di efficacia
No full textRassegna degli studi di efficacia dell'intervento di clowning nei contesti di cura. Viene sintetizzata la letteratura non empirica, viene analizzata la letteratura emprica e gli studi di efficacia dell'intervento, infine viene esaminata la possibilità di implementare un modello di clowning terapeutico
La valutazione psicometrica del paziente, del caregiver e dell'operatore sanitario
No full textpaziente, ma anche quella del caregiver e del personale sanitario che se ne prendono cura. Conclude il capitolo una sintesi delle buone caratteristiche psicometriche di uno strumento di valutazione
Associations of self-efficacy, optimism, and empathy with psychological health in healthcare volunteers
Full text linkOptimism and self-efficacy have been associated with psychological health. Empathy has also been found to have a unique role in community health volunteering and promote positive functioning. This study investigated whether self-efficacy and optimism were associated with psychological health in terms of psychological and subjective well-being in healthcare volunteers. It also investigated whether empathy added to the explanation of psychological health, over and above that accounted for by self-efficacy and optimism. A convenience sample of 160 Italian clown doctors volunteering in various hospitals completed self-report measures of self-efficacy, optimism, empathy, psychological well-being, and subjective well-being. Results of hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that self-efficacy and optimism were associated with both outcomes and that aspects of empathy, such as others’ perspective taking and personal distress for others’ difficulties, added to the explanation of psychological health with opposite effects. The present study adds to previous research on the role of self-efficacy, optimism, and empathy for community health volunteers’ psychological health. It also offers suggestions regarding the training for this type of volunteer
PREDITTORI DEL BENESSERE EMOTIVO IN PAZIENTI CHE SI RIVOLGONO A UN CENTRO DI PROCREAZIONE MEDICAMENTE ASSISTITA
No full textMetodo. 114 pazienti in carico presso un servizio di PMA (59,6% femmine, età media 37 anni, 58,8% con problemi accertati d’infertilità, 64% in fase iniziale di consultazione) hanno compilato il GPWBI (Grossi et al., 2002) per la valutazione del benessere emotivo, l’ECR (Picardi et al., 2007) per gli stili d’attaccamento, l’LCB (Farma et al., 2000) per il locus of control e la TAS-20 (Bressi et al., 1996) per l’alessitimia. Risultati. Emergono differenze nei modelli di variabili che predicono il benessere emotivo tra femmine e maschi. Indipendentemente dall’età, dalla presenza d’infertilità e dalla fase di avviamento della procedura di PMA, tra le femmine, la difficoltà a identificare le emozioni e uno stile di attaccamento ansioso ostacolano il raggiungimento del benessere emotivo (R2=0,33, p<0,0001, Beta = -0,49 e -0,39). Tra i maschi la difficoltà a identificare le emozioni, uno stile di attaccamento evitante e un locus of control interno ostacolano il raggiungimento del benessere emotivo (R2=0,42, p<0,0001, Beta = -0,34, -0,33 e -0,33, rispettivamente). Conclusione.In base ai risultati, la promozione del benessere emotivo nei pazienti con disturbi della fertilità dovrebbe mirare principalmente al riconoscimento delle emozioni e, nei maschi, anche allo spostamento del locus of control verso l'esterno. Inoltre, l'identificazione dello stile di attaccamento rappresenta per il clinico un’utile informazione per stabilire una buona alleanza terapeutica che consenta la buona riuscita dell’intervento
A Narrative Review of the Assessment of Depression in Chronic Pain
No full textObjectives: This narrative review sought to explore the main critical issues in the assessment of depression in chronic pain and to identify self-report tools that can be reliably used for measuring it. Design: Narrative review of the literature. Methods: Articles were obtained through a search of three databases and a hand search of the references of full-text papers. Key results within the retrieved articles were summarized and integrated to address the review objectives. Results: Criterion contamination, different ways to define and evaluate pain and depression across studies, variability in chronic pain samples and settings, pitfalls of diagnostic systems and self-reports, and reluctance to address (or difficulty of recognizing) depression in patients and healthcare providers emerged as main critical issues. The Beck Depression Inventory seems to be the more accurate tool to evaluate depression in chronic pain patients, while other instruments such as the Patient Health Questionnaire could be recommended for a rapid screening. Conclusions: Assessment of depression comorbidity in chronic pain represents a challenge in both research and clinical practice; the choice and use of tests, as well as the score interpretation, require clinical reasoning. Nursing Practice Implications: Nurses play an important role in screening for depression. Cognitive contents of depression should be carefully evaluated since somatic symptoms may be confusing in the chronic pain context. Some self-reports may be useful for rapid screening. It is also advisable to consider other relevant patient information in evaluating depression
Personalità di Tipo D, un costrutto rilevante in cardiologia.
No full textIl contributo presenta la validazione italiana del questionario DS-14 di Denollet (2005) per la valutazione della personalità di Tipo D in un campione di pazienti cardiopatici italiani (n = 145)
“Strategie di coping predittive del benessere psicologico in pazienti diabetici”, IV Giornata Nazionale di Psicologia Positiva “Psicologia Positiva: modelli e interventi clinici”, Bologna, 4-5 novembre 2010
No full textCambiamenti del lavoro: nuovi rischi per il benessere dei lavoratori
No full textVengono evideniziati i cambiamenti lavorativi secondo una tassonomia che distingue: fattori del contesto siale allargato, fattori del contesto organizzativo, fattori del contesto di lavoro. Tali cambiamenti sono alla base di effetti psicosociali oggetto di ricerca e intervento da parte della psicologia della salute lavorativa. In particolare di descrive lo status of the art degli studi su flssibilità e insicurezza, intensificazione del lavoro, controllo e discrezionalità sul lavoro. sulla base delle principali reviews sono delineati gli orientamenti metodologici della ricerca in tali ambiti e vengono descritte le prncipali caratteristiche deli interventi professionali per il migliramento delle condizioni lavorative e il benessere delle persone
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