10,938 research outputs found
Facilitating change in herd health
No full textThis book will focus on diseases within herds, herd husbandry practices, youngstock management and environmental issues
Facilitating change in herd health
No full textThis book will focus on diseases within herds, herd husbandry practices, youngstock management and environmental issues
Mean estimates of VAS scores with corresponding 95% confidence intervals for pain experienced by the subjects after cannulations preceded by the lidocaine injection (MJ-Lido vs MJ-Saline and MJ-Lido vs No pretreatment groups (red bar), saline injection (MJ-Lido vs MJ-Saline group, green bar), or performed without any pretreatment (MJ-Lido vs No pretreatment group, blue bar).
No full textMean estimates of VAS scores with corresponding 95% confidence intervals for pain experienced by the subjects after cannulations preceded by the lidocaine injection (MJ-Lido vs MJ-Saline and MJ-Lido vs No pretreatment groups (red bar), saline injection (MJ-Lido vs MJ-Saline group, green bar), or performed without any pretreatment (MJ-Lido vs No pretreatment group, blue bar).</p
Producing fluid flow using 3D carbon electrodes - art. no. 012072
No full textMoving and manipulating bio-particles and fluids on the microscale is central to many lab-on-a-chip applications. Techniques for pumping fluids which use electric fields have shown promise using both DC and AC voltages. AC techniques, however, require the use of integrated metal electrodes which have a low resistance but can suffer from unwanted chemical reactions even at low potentials. In this paper we introduce the use of carbon MEMS technology (C-MEMS), a fabrication method which produces 3D conductive polymeric structures. Results are presented of the fabrication of an innovative design of 3D AC-electroosmotic micropump and preliminary experimental measurements which demonstrate the potential of both the technology and the design
Green Tea from the Far East to the Drug Store: Focus on the Beneficial Cardiovascular Effects
No full textCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Evidence from observational and randomized controlled studies showing the potential benefits of green tea on lowering CVD risk has been emerging rapidly during the past few decades. These benefits include reduced risk for major cardiovascular events, lowering of blood pressure, decreased LDL cholesterol levels and weight loss. At the same time, the understanding of the physiological mechanisms behind these alterations is advancing. Consumption of green tea originated from China thousands of years ago, but since then, it expanded all over the world. Recent advances in understanding the role of tea polyphenols, mainly catechins, as mediators of tea's health benefits, have caused the emergence of various types of green tea extracts (GTE) on the market. While taking green tea is generally considered safe, there are concerns about the safety of using tea extracts. The present article reviews the current evidence of green tea consumption leading to reduced CVD risk, its potential biological mechanisms and the safety of using GTE
Green crime and victimization: Tensions between social and environmental justice
Full text linkIn 2011, Rio-Tinto Alcan, one of the world’s largest producers of aluminium, announced the closure of the smelter at Lynemouth, Northumberland, North East England. The plant, a major local employer, finally closed in March, 2013. This article examines global concerns about environmental emission standards and the costs of compliance. This plants closure is a success in green terms. However, where closure is officially considered a compliance option, costs to deprived communities are high. From a (green) victimological perspective, the article contemplates the hidden costs of closure on already deprived local and regional communities. The discussion focuses on how green crime and green compliance creates victimisation and reflects on the moral and ethical challenges this presents for a green criminology
An empirical survey: Can green marketing really entice customers to pay more?
Full text linkThis research integrated the Social Cognition Theory and the Engel Kollat Blackwell customers’ purchasing model (EKB model) to synthetically discuss the three kinds of possible relations comprising “does negatively entice”, “does possibly entice” and “does positively entice” between green-marketing and customers’ purchasing and payment, with consideration given to environmental-protection issues. Based on the measured results, the most contributed contention of this research not only utilized three cross-analytical theories consisting of the social cognition theory (SCT) , the Fuzzy theory (FT) and the EKB model, and the novel F-ANP of the MCDM methodology to evaluate the collected data but it also manifested that Green-marketing does possibly entice customers to pay more (GMPECPM). These measured results have distinctly stunned the fundamental assumption in the traditional green-marketing research field that customers were supposed to be willing to pay more for green products and services because they were supporting green initiatives and helping environmental-protection. Further, major future research directions were also briefly demonstrated in this research as (1) the collection data have to be strengthened to gather more empirical customer feedback, corporate management comments, and professional scholars’ reports; (2) enterprises have to resoundingly establish a green-branding initiative after successfully executing green-marketing strategies.Green Marketing (G-marketing); Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM); Analytical Network Process (F-ANP).
Median joining (MJ) Network tree.
No full text<p>MJ tree based on MT-CO2 gene sequences of world populations. Black points indicate, root; Blue, East Africans; Red, Africans; Orange, Australians; Green, Asians; Pink, Americans; Purple, Europeans. Branch lengths are not representative of evolutionary distance. The background colors outline possible demographic events in east Africa, and early episodes of evolution possibly towards the Rift Valley.</p
The association between green space and cause-specific mortality in urban New Zealand: an ecological analysis of green space utility
Full text link<b>Background:</b>
There is mounting international evidence that exposure to green environments is associated with health benefits, including lower mortality rates. Consequently, it has been suggested that the uneven distribution of such environments may contribute to health inequalities. Possible causative mechanisms behind the green space and health relationship include the provision of physical activity opportunities, facilitation of social contact and the restorative effects of nature. In the New Zealand context we investigated whether there was a socioeconomic gradient in green space exposure and whether green space exposure was associated with cause-specific mortality (cardiovascular disease and lung cancer). We subsequently asked what is the mechanism(s) by which green space availability may influence mortality outcomes, by contrasting health associations for different types of green space.
<b>Methods:</b>
This was an observational study on a population of 1,546,405 living in 1009 small urban areas in New Zealand. A neighbourhood-level classification was developed to distinguish between usable (i.e., visitable) and non-usable green space (i.e., visible but not visitable) in the urban areas. Negative binomial regression models were fitted to examine the association between quartiles of area-level green space availability and risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease (n = 9,484; 1996 - 2005) and from lung cancer (n = 2,603; 1996 - 2005), after control for age, sex, socio-economic deprivation, smoking, air pollution and population density.
<b>Results:</b>
Deprived neighbourhoods were relatively disadvantaged in total green space availability (11% less total green space for a one standard deviation increase in NZDep2001 deprivation score, p < 0.001), but had marginally more usable green space (2% more for a one standard deviation increase in deprivation score, p = 0.002). No significant associations between usable or total green space and mortality were observed after adjustment for confounders.
<b>Conclusion</b>
Contrary to expectations we found no evidence that green space influenced cardiovascular disease mortality in New Zealand, suggesting that green space and health relationships may vary according to national, societal or environmental context. Hence we were unable to infer the mechanism in the relationship. Our inability to adjust for individual-level factors with a significant influence on cardiovascular disease and lung cancer mortality risk (e.g., diet and alcohol consumption) will have limited the ability of the analyses to detect green space effects, if present. Additionally, green space variation may have lesser relevance for health in New Zealand because green space is generally more abundant and there is less social and spatial variation in its availability than found in other contexts
Assessing the impact of England's National Health Service R&D Health Technology Assessment program using the "payback" approach
No full textCopyright © Cambridge University Press 2009Objectives: This study assesses the impact of the English National Health Service (NHS) Health Technology Assessment (HTA) program using the "payback" framework.Methods: A survey of lead investigators of all research projects funded by the HTA program 1993-2003 supplemented by more detailed case studies of sixteen projects.Results: Of 204 eligible projects, replies were received from 133 or 65 percent. The mean number of peer-reviewed publications per project was 2.9. Seventy-three percent of projects claimed to have had had an impact on policy and 42 percent on behavior. Technology Assessment Reports for the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) had fewer than average publications but greater impact on policy. Half of all projects went on to secure further funding. The case studies confirmed the survey findings and indicated factors associated with impact.Conclusions: The HTA program performed relatively well in terms of "payback." Facilitating factors included the program's emphasis on topics that matter to the NHS, rigorous methods and the existence of "policy customers" such as NICE
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