1,721,200 research outputs found
Biomaterials in orthopaedic surgery: effects of different hydroxyapatites and demineralized bone matrix on proliferation rate and bone matrix synthesis by human osteoblasts
No full textRole of Irisin on the bone-muscle functional unit
No full textIrisin was originally recognized as a hormone-like myokine secreted as a product of fibronectin type III domain containing 5 from skeletal muscle in response to exercise both in mice and humans. The first role attributed to Irisin was its ability to induce trans-differentiation of white adipose tissue into brown, but we recently demonstrated that Irisin also has a central role in the control of bone mass, even at lower concentration than required to induce the browning response. Considering how physical exercise is important for the development of an efficient load-bearing skeleton, we can now consider this myokine as one of the molecules responsible for the positive correlation between exercise and healthy bone, linking to the well-established relationship between muscle and bone. Recombinant Irisin (r-Irisin), administered at low dose in young mice, increases cortical bone mineral density and positively modifies bone geometry. Irisin exerts its effect prevalently on osteoblast lineage by enhancing differentiation and activity of bone-forming cells, through the increase in activating transcription factor 4 expression. Low-dose r-Irisin also increases osteopontin and decreases sclerostin synthesis but did not affect Uncoupling protein 1 expression in white adipose tissue, whose upregulation is known to cause browning of fat, when Irisin is administered at a higher dose. These findings offer an explanation to the positive outcome on the skeleton triggered by skeletal muscle during physical activity and prove that the bone tissue is more sensitive than the adipose tissue to the Irisin action
QUADERNO DI CONSERVAZIONE PROGRAMMATA del Tempietto di San Gerardo a Potenza. Ricerca storica, analisi diagnostiche e proposta di una metodologia conservativa
No full textTesi di laurea triennale in Restauro Architettonico- Lo studio si è svolto attraverso numerose indagini: l’analisi storica, l’esame diagnostico visivo, la documentazione fotografica (e macrofotografica su alcune aree campione), la caratterizzazione minero-petrografica dei materiali e la definizione delle forme di alterazione e degrado dei materiali, riportate su un rilievo grafico.
I risultati delle indagini, descritti dettagliatamente nei capitoli del lavoro, sono poi stati resi in forma sintetica, nelle schede del Quaderno di conservazione programmata. La compilazione di due schede per ciascun elemento del Tempietto di San Gerardo ha garantito la creazione di uno strumento efficace, che contiene informazioni distinte e relative alle caratteristiche di ogni singolo elemento tecnologico. La specificità dei dati è indispensabile per il corretto funzionamento della conservazione programmata: è solo dal confronto con uno stato di conservazione precisamente descritto che si possono apprezzare e valutare le trasformazioni, nella consapevolezza scientifica che nulla può conservarsi immutato a tempo indeterminato.
Il lavoro ha avviato un processo conoscitivo metodologicamente predisposto ad essere arricchito e approfondito, sfruttando nella fase di monitoraggio tecnologie innovative non invasive, scientificamente affidabili, di facile esecuzione e possibilmente a basso costo
Fonti cartografiche per l’analisi del paesaggio fluviale e dei mulini ad acqua in Basilicata. Criticità e vantaggi della Carta Idrografica del Regno d’Italia
No full textLo studio del paesaggio storico-rurale e dei relativi contesti fluviali della Basilicata è stato condotto attraverso l'analisi e l'interpretazione di fonti cartografiche e documentarie. Un’approfondita analisi della cartografia storica e recente ha permesso di geolocalizzare gli opifici idraulici storici sul territorio regionale. Tali opifici, che caratterizzavano l’economia della regione fino al primo ventennio del XX secolo, sfruttavano l’energia idrica principalmente per la macinatura dei cereali e per la battitura della lana (gualchiere). La maggior parte di essi erano localizzati nei valloni, distanti dalle strade principali, ma nel contempo comportavano una modifica nella dinamica fluviale locale dovuta alla deviazione del corso d’acqua. Tra tutte le fonti cartografiche studiate, in questo contributo viene discusso l’utilizzo della Carta Idrografica del Regno di Italia, la più completa, “recente” e poco studiata testimonianza grafica sul tema, mettendo in luce i punti di forza e di debolezza, di cui tener presente nell’utilizzo dei numerosi dati che essa offre, soprattutto nelle relazioni tecniche allegate.A study of the historic-rural landscape and fluvial evnvironment of the Basilicata (southern Italy) has been carried out by analysis and intepretation of the cartographic, bibliographic and archive sources. Water-mills data have been organized in a GIS database, thanks to the study of a lot of ancient and modern cartographies. Different water-mills, which were very important for the rural economy, until the 20th century, were powered by water to grinding grain and to fulling wool fibres (waulking mills). Most watermills were usually placed along the slope of V-shaped valley, far away from the main roads, but at the same time, they entailed a change to in the local river dynamics due to the deviation of the watercourse. Among all the cartographies considered, in this paper we discuss about the Hydrographic Map of the Italian Kingdom, published in 1890s, the most complete, “recent” and not much studied document about watermills. All the data, that are collected in a relation associated to the Hydrographic Map of the Italian Kingdom, have been discussed, enphasizing errors to be taken into account
Fluvial dynamics and watermills location in Basilicata (Southern Italy)
No full textWatermills (grain mills, waulk mills, olive mills, sawmills and
threshing machines) operated in the Basilicata Region from the Roman
Period until the early decades of the twentieth century, representing an
important feature of waterways that is today almost totally forgotten. Using
documentary sources, ancient maps and field survey it is possible to
catalogue and identify the location of these ancient hydraulic structures.
Watermills were usually placed far enough away from the river to avoid
inundation during floods, and near natural knickpoints or artificial steps
in the river long profile that were created by mill engineers. Mill construction
often had significant impacts on a rivers morphology, because
it was necessary to divert the river discharge towards the mill wheel, to
drive the grain-grinding mechanism. Watermill typological variations
have been examined in relation to variations in river pattern to assess
the ways in which the hydrographic and hydrological settings of the Basilicata
Region have affected mill siting and operation. Most Basilicata
watermills were built with a horizontal water-wheel and a tower. The
characteristics of the tower and the associated hydraulic structures varied
according to the environmental setting. Finally, mill positions define
also the locations on the river system that have already been used
to exploit hydraulic power and thus could be useful for future use in the
micro-hydroelectric secto
Anatomy and physiology of adipose tissue
No full textAdipose tissue is a specialized tissue formed by several depots located below the skin (subcutaneous depots) or in the trunk (visceral depots). It provides the survival of the body by storing/dispensing energy for metabolism and regulating thermogenesis, immune responses, and lactation. Two major types of adipose tissue exist in mammals, the white and brown fats, which are mainly composed of white and brown adipocytes, respectively. White adipocytes primarily act as storage cells for triacylglycerols. They have endocrine functions including the secretion of adipokines such as leptin, resistin, and adiponectin. Brown adipocytes are characterized by a cytoplasm composed of several small lipid droplets and a high amount of mitochondria. They mediate non-shivering thermogenesis, which is the major physiological function of brown adipose tissue. Marrow adipose tissue (MAT) is a third type of adipose tissue, functionally distinct from both white and brown adipose tissues. The development of marrow adipose tissue depends on the stage of life and greatly increases in pathological conditions. Recently, a growing body of evidence has finally confirmed that fully differentiated adipocytes retain the physiological ability to transdifferentiate, undergoing the reprogram of genome and turning into a different cell type with different physiological roles. This peculiar plasticity of adipose tissue ensures that certain physiologic stimuli can induce change of cell phenotype and, consequently, their function. In future, increasingly in-depth analysis of the observed phenomenon of transdifferentiation will contribute to further understanding the plasticity of adipose cells, improving knowledge of their biology and encouraging novel therapeutic strategies
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